CN-119457723-B - Machining method of turbine shaft of high-flow supercharger

Abstract

The invention discloses a processing method of a turbine shaft of a large-flow supercharger, which improves the processing and manufacturing efficiency of the turbine shaft and reduces the production cost in batch production. A processing method of a large-flow supercharger turbine shaft comprises the following steps of S1, processing a welding optical axis blank to obtain a welding optical axis, S2, processing a welding turbine disc blank to obtain a welding turbine disc, S3, performing friction welding on the welding optical axis and the welding turbine disc to obtain a welding turbine shaft, and S4, processing the welding turbine shaft to obtain a turbine shaft finished product.

Inventors

• WEN JUNFEI
• YANG XUEQIN
• LU JIANYU
• ZHAO GANG
• ZHANG YI
• JIANG TAO
• YANG YISONG
• ZHOU KAISONG

Assignees

• 重庆江增船舶重工有限公司

Dates

Publication Date

20260508

Application Date

20241112

Claims (3)

1. 1. The processing method of the turbine shaft of the high-flow supercharger is characterized by comprising the following steps of: s1, processing a welding optical axis blank to obtain a welding optical axis; S2, machining a welded turbine disc blank to obtain a welded turbine disc; S3, assembling and welding the welding optical axis and the welding turbine disk by friction welding to obtain a welding turbine shaft; S4, machining and welding the turbine shaft to obtain a turbine shaft finished product; the step S1 comprises the following steps: s110, rough turning, namely taking a welded optical axis blank, clamping an outer circle by three claws, aligning, removing the allowance of the blank at one end of the rough turning, and processing in place without the allowance; S120, rough turning, namely turning the outer circle, aligning the outer circle by a three-jaw clamp, removing the allowance of a blank at the other end of the rough turning, and processing the blank in place without leaving the allowance to obtain a welding optical axis; the step S2 comprises the following steps: s210, rough turning, namely taking a welded turbine disc blank, clamping an outer circle by three claws, aligning, rough turning one end to remove large allowance of the blank, and reserving 1mm allowance on the end face and the outer circle respectively; S220, roughly turning, namely turning around, turning the outer circle by a three-jaw clamp, aligning the turned outer circle by a flat end surface, removing a large allowance of a blank at the other end of the roughly turning, and reserving 1mm allowance on the end surface and the outer circle respectively; s230, finely turning, namely soft three-jaw clamping the outer circle, aligning the outer circle, and finely turning the vortex end within 0.05mm of the jump of the turned end face; S240, finely turning, namely, soft three-jaw clamping the outer circle, aligning the turned outer circle and the jumping of the turned end face to be within 0.03mm, finely turning the pressing end to obtain a welded turbine disc; the step S3 comprises the following steps: S310, welding, namely, taking a welding turbine disk and a welding optical axis, cleaning the welding surfaces of the welding turbine disk and the welding optical axis, and airing; S320, performing heat treatment, namely performing stress-free annealing on the welded turbine shaft subjected to friction welding so as to eliminate the welding stress of the welded turbine shaft and avoid the stress from influencing the friction welding strength; S330 turning, namely turning an excircle of a welding seam of a welding turbine shaft of a first welding piece, so as to facilitate flaw detection of the welding seam; s340, flaw detection, namely performing penetration inspection on the welding head piece, and detecting that crack defects are not allowed; S350, cutting by a wire, namely cutting 4 tensile test samples from the cross section of each welding turbine shaft, wherein the sampling positions of the 4 tensile test samples are uniformly distributed at 90 degrees on the cross section circumferential surface of the friction welding point and are positioned in the middle of the cross section circumferential surface of the friction welding point; s360, turning the size of the sample to the required size; s370, checking the strength of the friction welding point of the welding head piece, wherein the strength comprises tensile strength, yield strength and elongation; repeating the steps S310-S320 for mass production if all the 4 tensile samples are detected to be qualified, and repeating the steps S310-S370 if the tensile samples are not qualified; the step S4 includes: S410, rough turning, namely a, taking a machined welded turbine shaft, clamping an outer circle by three claws, supporting an end face, aligning the large outer circle and the end face of the turbine disc, jumping by not more than 0.03mm, and lighting out a section of outer circle of a turbine shaft pressing end; s420, roughly turning, namely turning, clamping an outer circle by three claws, erecting a center frame, aligning the large outer circle of the turbine disc, enabling the runout of the end face to be not more than 0.05mm, processing the large outer circle of the turbine disc and the end face of the turbine end, and punching a turbine shaft turbine end center hole; S430, double-center clamping, namely roughly grinding a large outer circle of the turbine disc, a turbine end face and a turbine shaft pressing end two-gear reference circle, and using the two-gear reference circle for clamping and aligning in a follow-up finish turning process; s440 finish turning, namely soft three-jaw clamping the large outer circle of the turbine disc, enabling the end face to be flat, propping a central hole, rechecking the two-gear reference circle ground in the S430 procedure, and performing finish turning on a pressing end, wherein the runout is not more than 0.02 mm; S450, finish turning, namely turning, clamping an outer circle by using soft three claws, overlapping a center hole on the top of a center frame, aligning the outer circle which is turned and the runout of the end face of a turbine disc to be not more than 0.05mm, and finish turning a vortex end; S460, performing penetration inspection on the turbine shaft welding seam, and detecting that crack defects are not allowed; S470, performing heat treatment, namely performing high-frequency quenching on the quenching position of the turbine shaft; s480, turning on a lathe, and grinding central holes at two ends of a turbine shaft by using a hard alloy tip to repair the central holes which are damaged or napped during turning and detection, thereby ensuring reliable grinding and clamping reference in the subsequent process; s490, clamping double centers, and accurately grinding the outer circle and the end surface of each gear to the requirements; S4100 milling, namely, soft three-jaw clamping the large outer circle of the turbine disc, jacking a central hole, rechecking the end surface of the turbine disc, and milling a triangular pyramid to the requirement, wherein the reference runout of the bearing gear is not more than 0.015 mm; S4110, sleeving the taper protection sleeve on the triangular pyramid-shaped part processed in the S4100 process; s4120 finish turning, namely, soft three-jaw clamping the large outer circle of the turbine disc, lapping a center frame, aligning the reference outer circle of the bearing gear, jumping by not more than 0.02mm, and finish turning the threads and holes at the end part of the turbine shaft pressing end to the requirements; s4130, performing penetration flaw detection on a turbine shaft pressing end, a turbine end bearing block and a thrust bearing block, and detecting that crack defects are not allowed; s4140 milling, namely milling a U-shaped positioning groove to the requirement after aligning the step excircle runout of the turbine disc to be not more than 0.02 mm; s4150 broaching, namely broaching the mortise to the requirement; S4160, double-center clamping, and grinding to remove flanging burrs on the end face of the wheel disc after the mortises are broached; s4170, finely turning, namely, soft three-jaw clamping the outer circle, lapping a center frame, aligning a bearing gear reference circle to jump to be not more than 0.01mm, finely turning, and polishing and removing quenching induction color at a quenching position; s4180, deburring, and taking down the taper protective sleeve.
2. 2. The method for machining a turbine shaft of a high-flow supercharger according to claim 1, wherein in the step S450, an external thread process lug is finely turned on the outer circle of the shaft neck of the turbine disc, and the external thread process lug is used for connecting and fixing a mortice in the subsequent step; A process boss is arranged on the inner ring of the back of the turbine disc wheel at the turbine end, in the S4140 process, a U-shaped positioning anti-rotation groove is milled on the process boss and is used for being matched with a turbine shaft mortise pulling tool for anti-rotation limiting in the subsequent process of mortise broaching; in the S4170 procedure, the process lug, the process boss and the internal threaded hole are removed by turning and processed to the requirements.
3. 3. The method for machining the high-flow supercharger turbine shaft according to claim 1, wherein the step S1 comprises the steps of S130 finish turning, namely, re-taking a welded optical axis blank, clamping by three claws, aligning, machining a high-frequency quenching test bar, turning two ends to connect the two ends, and obtaining the high-frequency quenching test bar of the turbine shaft, wherein the structure of the test bar is required to be consistent with the journal structure of the turbine shaft; In the S470 procedure, test processing is carried out by using a test bar, and after the test is qualified and meets the requirement, high-frequency quenching is carried out on the quenching position of the turbine shaft.

Description

Machining method of turbine shaft of high-flow supercharger Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of manufacturing and processing of ship superchargers, in particular to a processing method of a turbine shaft of a high-flow supercharger. Background The supercharger is a control device which pushes the rotor to move by means of waste gas, compresses and pushes more air into the gas chamber, so that the output power of the engine is improved, and the turbine shaft is used as one of key core components of the rotor and mainly plays a role in transmitting torque. In recent years, along with the change of international situation, in order to meet the requirements of the marine industry on the large-cylinder-diameter and large-flow marine low-speed turbine supercharger, breakthrough, innovation and grasp of the key technology are required, so that the processing and manufacturing efficiency is improved, the production cost is reduced, the market change requirement is met, and the market competitiveness is stabilized. Compared with the existing product, the turbine shaft structure of the large-cylinder-diameter and large-flow marine low-speed machine turbocharger has the characteristics that the outline is increased by times, the supporting turbine disc is of an outer suspension structure, the gravity center of parts is concentrated at one end and is distributed in a head-to-foot light mode, the turbine shaft structure comprises a multi-stage shaft diameter, the turbine disc and a triangular prism, tree-shaped mortises which are uniformly distributed are formed in the circumference of the turbine disc and are used for assembling turbine blades, the symmetrical center line of the mortises and the axial line of the turbine disc are in a certain angle, the two-line projection intersection point is arranged on the turbine disc, the intersection point is the design center of the mortises, the turbine disc is provided with an accurate position relation, the typical requirement of the turbine disc is high, the structure is complex, the processing difficulty is extremely high, and the processing precision and the quality of the mortises of the turbine shaft directly influence the basic performances such as the air flow, the working pressure ratio and the service life of the turbocharger. The mortise processing mode of the turbine shaft mainly comprises three modes of broaching, milling and linear cutting. The surface quality of the broaching and milling mortises is better than that of the linear cutting mode, and the broaching efficiency is higher than the milling efficiency and the milling efficiency is higher than the linear cutting efficiency. Broaching has high manufacturing efficiency and is mostly used for mass production. Aiming at the problems of manufacturing and processing the turbine shaft of the low-speed machine turbocharger for the large-cylinder diameter and large-flow ship, the following problems and difficulties exist: (1) The turbine shaft has special structure, the pressing end has a longer shaft neck end, the turbine disc back of the turbine end has only a convex circle, the gravity center is concentrated at one side and is distributed slightly from head to foot, the structural dimension is multiplied compared with the external dimension of the existing mature product, the symmetrical center line of the mortise and the axial lead of the turbine disc are in a certain angle, the stress on two sides is uneven and the change is easy to generate rotation during broaching, if the positioning and clamping of the long shaft neck end of the pressing end are selected during the processing of the mortise of the turbine shaft, the shaft neck end of the turbine shaft cannot be avoided due to the limitation of the connecting space of machine tool equipment, and the positioning and clamping of the turbine end are adopted, so that the reliable and firm connecting and fixing structure is not available, and the rotation preventing limit is not realized. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a processing method of a turbine shaft of a high-flow supercharger, which improves the processing and manufacturing efficiency of the turbine shaft and reduces the production cost in batch production. The purpose of the invention is realized in the following way: a processing method of a turbine shaft of a high-flow supercharger comprises the following steps: s1, processing a welding optical axis blank to obtain a welding optical axis; S2, machining a welded turbine disc blank to obtain a welded turbine disc; S3, assembling and welding the welding optical axis and the welding turbine disk by friction welding to obtain a welding turbine shaft; s4, machining and welding the turbine shaft to obtain a turbine shaft finished product. Further, step S1 includes: s110, rough turning, namely taking a welded optical axis blank, clamping an outer circle by three