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CN-119569021-B - Asphalt-based carbon material, preparation and application thereof, sodium ion battery negative electrode material, sodium ion battery negative electrode and application thereof

CN119569021BCN 119569021 BCN119569021 BCN 119569021BCN-119569021-B

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of electrochemistry, and discloses an asphalt-based carbon material, a preparation method and an application thereof, and a sodium ion battery negative electrode material, a sodium ion battery negative electrode and an application thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps of (1) mixing asphalt powder and potassium salt with a solvent to obtain mixed slurry, (2) drying the mixed slurry and calcining at a high temperature, wherein the mass ratio of the asphalt powder to the potassium salt in the step (1) is (1-3): 1. The method has the advantages of easily obtained raw materials and easy industrial amplification, and the prepared asphalt-based carbon material is applied to sodium ion batteries, and has high reversible capacity and first-week coulomb efficiency.

Inventors

  • YANG YUXIANG
  • RONG JUNFENG
  • YUAN YANXIA
  • LI HUAN
  • ZHU NA

Assignees

  • 中国石油化工股份有限公司
  • 中石化石油化工科学研究院有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20230906

Claims (18)

  1. 1. A method for preparing a pitch-based carbon material, comprising the steps of: (1) Mixing asphalt powder and potassium salt with a solvent to obtain mixed slurry; (2) Drying the mixed slurry and calcining at a high temperature; Wherein the mass ratio of the asphalt powder to the potassium salt in the step (1) is (1.5-2.5): 1; the softening point of the asphalt powder is 200-300 ℃; the mass percentage of ash in the asphalt powder is 0-0.1wt%; in the step (2), the drying treatment condition comprises spray drying under the protective atmosphere, wherein the spray pressure is 0.2-0.3MPa, and the temperature is 150-200 ℃; The high-temperature calcination condition comprises that under protective atmosphere, the reaction temperature is 1200-1400 ℃, the temperature rising rate is 3-8 ℃ per minute, the reaction time is 1-3 hours, and the average particle size of the asphalt powder is 5-15 microns; the total mass ratio of the solvent to the asphalt powder to the potassium salt is 2-30:1; step (1) further comprises sanding the mixed slurry.
  2. 2. The production method according to claim 1, wherein the pitch powder has an average particle diameter of 8 to 12 μm.
  3. 3. The production method according to claim 1, wherein the potassium salt is at least one selected from potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate and potassium bicarbonate.
  4. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the solvent is ethanol and/or water.
  5. 5. The production method according to claim 1, wherein the total mass ratio of the solvent to the asphalt powder and potassium salt is 5-15:1.
  6. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the protective atmosphere is selected from at least one of nitrogen, helium, argon, and neon.
  7. 7. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the sanding conditions include: The sanding time is 2-12 hours, and the sanding rotating speed is 1500-2500r/min.
  8. 8. The method of manufacturing of claim 7, wherein the sanding conditions include: The sanding time is 3-8 hours, and the sanding rotational speed is 1800-2200 r/min.
  9. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises pulverizing, washing and drying the high temperature calcined product.
  10. 10. A pitch-based carbon material produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
  11. 11. The pitch-based carbon material of claim 10, wherein the pitch-based carbon material has an interlayer spacing of 0.36-0.4nm.
  12. 12. The pitch-based carbon material of claim 11, wherein the pitch-based carbon material has an interlayer spacing of 0.36-0.38nm.
  13. 13. Use of the pitch-based carbon material of any one of claims 10-12 in a sodium ion battery.
  14. 14. The use according to claim 13, wherein the pitch-based carbon material is used in a sodium ion battery anode material.
  15. 15. A negative electrode material for a sodium ion battery, comprising the pitch-based carbon material according to any one of claims 10 to 12 and a binder.
  16. 16. A negative electrode of a sodium ion battery, characterized in that the negative electrode comprises a current collector and a negative electrode material coated and/or filled on the current collector, wherein the negative electrode material is the negative electrode material of claim 15.
  17. 17. The use of the negative electrode of a sodium ion battery of claim 16 in a sodium ion battery.
  18. 18. The use of claim 17, the sodium ion battery comprising an electrode set and a non-aqueous electrolyte, the electrode set and the non-aqueous electrolyte being sealed within a battery housing, the electrode set comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator, the separator being located between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

Description

Asphalt-based carbon material, preparation and application thereof, sodium ion battery negative electrode material, sodium ion battery negative electrode and application thereof Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of electrochemistry, in particular to an asphalt-based carbon material, a preparation method and application thereof, a sodium ion battery negative electrode material, a sodium ion battery negative electrode and application thereof. Background The existing secondary battery system mainly comprises a nickel-hydrogen battery, a lead-acid battery, a lithium ion battery, a polymer lithium ion battery and the like, wherein the lithium ion battery has the advantages of high energy density, good cycle stability, low self-discharge and the like, and is widely used in the aspects of mobile electronics, communication equipment, electric devices, electric automobiles and the like, but the lithium ion battery also faces the problem of shortage of lithium resources, so that the development of a novel high-specific-energy secondary battery is a focus of research in the field for coping with the shortage of resources. The application of the sodium ion battery can not only relieve the situation of shortage of supply and demand of global lithium resources and reduce the supply and demand gap, but also jointly determine lower material cost and cost fluctuation range of the sodium ion battery due to the abundant sodium salt reserves and the mature extraction process. However, the popularization and application of the sodium ion battery also face a certain problem, and the design and development of an electrode material capable of containing sodium ions and stably taking off and embedding are key to commercialization of the sodium ion battery, which is the same as the working principle of the lithium ion battery. In the academy, a variety of sodium ion battery anode materials have been developed including conversion reaction materials, alloying materials, titanium-based materials, and carbon-based materials. Carbon-based materials are abundant in source and wide in source, amorphous carbon-based negative electrodes (including hard carbon and soft carbon) exhibit high reversible specific capacity and good cycle performance in sodium ion batteries, and since discovery, researchers have conducted a great deal of research and study on such materials. The hard carbon material has the advantages of high specific capacity, low sodium storage voltage and the like, and becomes the anode material with the most application prospect of the sodium ion secondary battery. However, the current precursor for producing hard carbon has low carbon production rate, which results in high cost of hard carbon material and restricts the commercial application thereof. The carbon-based negative electrode material prepared from petroleum-based products has the advantages of high carbon yield, low cost, complete raw material supply chain and easy and rapid integration into the market. However, the soft carbon material is obtained after petroleum coke, asphalt and other materials are directly carbonized at high temperature, and has the problems of low specific capacity, high sodium storage voltage and the like. The porous structure design is generally considered as a reliable strategy to increase the ion transport capacity of sodium ion batteries and to increase the number of sodium storage active sites. Therefore, how to obtain a carbon-based material with high specific capacity and low sodium storage voltage by constructing a proper pore structure is a technical key. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to solve the problems of low specific capacity and high sodium storage voltage of petroleum-based carbon materials in the prior art, and provides an asphalt-based carbon material, a preparation method and application thereof, a sodium ion battery negative electrode material, a sodium ion battery negative electrode and an application thereof. The prepared asphalt-based carbon material is applied to sodium ion batteries, and has high reversible capacity and first-week coulombic efficiency. In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a pitch-based carbon material, wherein the method comprises the steps of: (1) Mixing asphalt powder and potassium salt with a solvent to obtain mixed slurry; (2) Drying the mixed slurry and calcining at a high temperature; wherein the mass ratio of the asphalt powder to the potassium salt in the step (1) is (1-3): 1. In a second aspect, the present invention provides a pitch-based carbon material produced by the production method according to the first aspect. The third aspect of the invention provides an application of the pitch-based carbon material in sodium ion batteries. According to a fourth aspect of the invention there is provided a negative electrode material for a sodium ion battery comprising the pitch-based car