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CN-119658039-B - Laser directional induction arc discharge milling system and method

CN119658039BCN 119658039 BCN119658039 BCN 119658039BCN-119658039-B

Abstract

The invention discloses a laser directional induction arc discharge milling system and a laser directional induction arc discharge milling method. The invention uses laser to break down air to trigger arc burning to remove material effectively, and uses air jet to break arc effectively to avoid continuous arc burning workpiece, and uses multi-axis motion platform to copy arc plasma motion track to form special complex outline, to realize high-performance material complex part feature high-efficiency and high-precision processing method.

Inventors

  • ZHANG WENWU
  • ZHANG CHENGCHENG
  • CHEN XIAOXIAO
  • WANG YUFENG

Assignees

  • 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20250122

Claims (20)

  1. 1. A laser directed induction arc discharge milling system comprising a milling unit comprising: The electric arc generating module comprises an electrode pair, wherein the electrode pair comprises two discharge electrodes which are arranged at intervals, and the narrowest width of a gap between the two discharge electrodes is larger than the air discharge gap distance; An air jet module for providing at least an air jet that flows through a gap between two of the discharge electrodes; The laser module is used for providing pulse laser and converging the pulse laser in a gap between two discharge electrodes, and enabling the pulse laser to be focused between the two discharge electrodes, compressed air contained in the air jet contacts with the pulse laser at the focus position of the pulse laser and generates optical breakdown and ionization to generate plasma, when the discharge electrodes are connected with a power supply, the plasma induces arc plasma between the two discharge electrodes, the arc plasma generates directional distortion towards a workpiece to be processed under the impact of the air jet, and the power density of the arc plasma is larger than the ablation threshold value of the workpiece material to be processed.
  2. 2. The laser-induced arc discharge milling system of claim 1, wherein the optical axis of the focused pulsed laser, the central axis of the air jet, and the central axis of the gap between the two discharge electrodes coincide.
  3. 3. The laser-induced arc discharge milling system of claim 2, wherein the two discharge electrodes are mirror-symmetrically arranged, and the optical axis of the pulsed laser, the central axis of the air jet, and the symmetry axes of the two discharge electrodes coincide.
  4. 4. The laser-induced arc discharge milling system of claim 1,2 or 3, wherein the air jet module comprises an air compressor and a nozzle, the air compressor in communication with the nozzle; the laser module comprises a laser, other light path components and a focusing lens, wherein the other light path components are used for guiding pulse laser emitted by the laser to the focusing lens, and the focusing lens is used for focusing the pulse laser at a gap between two discharge electrodes; Wherein the nozzle is located between the focusing lens and the electrode pair, and an outlet of the nozzle is directed toward a gap between the electrode pair.
  5. 5. The laser-induced arc milling system of claim 4 wherein the arc generation module further comprises a power source electrically connected to the electrode pair.
  6. 6. The laser-induced arc milling system of claim 5 wherein the power source comprises a DC power source.
  7. 7. The laser-induced arc discharge milling system of claim 4, wherein the laser is a high power millisecond laser.
  8. 8. The system of claim 4, wherein the laser module further comprises a positioning detection mechanism for positioning a trajectory of the pulsed laser.
  9. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the positioning detection mechanism comprises a CCD camera, the CCD camera emits a visible light beam, and the visible light beam passes through other light path components and a focusing lens to form a positioning light beam with the same optical axis as the pulse laser.
  10. 10. The laser-induced arc discharge milling system of claim 4, wherein said discharge electrodes are disposed obliquely and a distance between two of said discharge electrodes decreases gradually in a flow direction of said air jet.
  11. 11. The laser-induced arc milling system of claim 10, wherein the narrowest distance between the two discharge electrodes is 1 mm-3 mm.
  12. 12. The laser directed induction arc discharge milling system of claim 4 further comprising an electrode compensation module for securing the electrode pair.
  13. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein said electrode compensation module comprises two sets of electrode mounts, each of said discharge electrodes mounted on one of said electrode mounts.
  14. 14. The laser-induced arc discharge milling system of claim 13, wherein the electrode assembly frame comprises a brush frame, an electrode track, a supporting seat and a stop block, the electrode track is fixedly arranged on the supporting seat, the discharge electrode is arranged in the electrode track and is movably matched with the electrode track, the brush frame is fixedly arranged at the tail end of the electrode track and is electrically connected with the discharge electrode, the stop block is fixedly arranged at the front end of the electrode track, an opening is arranged on the stop block, the end face of the discharge electrode is exposed from the opening, and the two discharge electrodes are adjacent to one end of the stop block and have the narrowest distance.
  15. 15. The laser-induced arc milling system of claim 14 wherein the brush holder further comprises a resilient member that resiliently engages the discharge electrode.
  16. 16. The laser directed induction arc milling system of claim 4 further comprising a motion unit in driving engagement with the milling unit, the workpiece to be processed, and for urging the milling unit and the workpiece to be processed to produce a relative motion to form a particular processed shape on the workpiece to be processed, wherein the relative motion comprises relative linear motion along at least one of an x-axis, a y-axis, a z-axis of a three-dimensional coordinate system and/or relative rotational motion about at least one of an x-axis, a y-axis, a z-axis of a three-dimensional coordinate system.
  17. 17. The laser-induced arc milling system of claim 16 wherein the motion unit comprises a five axis motion stage.
  18. 18. The laser-induced arc discharge milling system of claim 17, wherein the electrode pair of the arc generating module, the nozzle of the air jet module, other light path components of the laser module and the lens are arranged on a z-axis sliding table of the five-axis motion platform, a linear module of the z-axis sliding table is arranged on an x-axis sliding table, and a workpiece to be processed is arranged on a cradle turntable of the five-axis motion platform.
  19. 19. The laser directed induction arc discharge milling system of claim 1 further comprising a current detection unit electrically connected to the arc generation module and configured to monitor at least a machining current.
  20. 20. The laser-induced arc milling system of claim 19 wherein the current sensing unit comprises an oscilloscope and a current probe, the oscilloscope being electrically connected to the current probe, the current probe being electrically connected to a wire connecting a power source and the electrode pair.

Description

Laser directional induction arc discharge milling system and method Technical Field The invention particularly relates to a laser directional induction arc discharge milling system and a laser directional induction arc discharge milling method, and belongs to the technical field of special processing. Background In the aviation industry, a large amount of high-performance materials such as nickel-based alloy, titanium alloy, metal-based composite material, ceramic-based composite material and the like are used, and the materials generally have high hardness, high strength, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and other comprehensive properties, and the material properties are continuously enhanced along with the improvement of the performance of an aircraft. For some large structural members or pressure vessels, such as connection frames, cases, etc., the material removal rate is high, which presents a great challenge to the traditional processing industry. In response to these high performance materials, the strong cutting forces of conventional machining cause severe tool wear, and for hard and brittle materials, internal defects are also caused during machining. The laser processing, electric spark processing, electric arc processing, electrolytic processing and the like in the special processing have no obvious contact stress, and the material is removed by means of heat energy or electrochemical energy, so that the special processing has respective specific advantages and application occasions. Macroscopic laser processing utilizes laser beams with high energy density to irradiate the surface of a material, so that the material is ablated, melted and evaporated, the processing efficiency is higher, but the heat affected zone is larger, the energy is gradually attenuated when the workpiece with larger thickness is penetrated, and the processing depth is uneven. The electric spark machining precision is very high, the complex electrode shape or movement track can be completely copied on a workpiece to form a specific contour, the heat affected zone is controllable, but the machining efficiency is low, and electrode loss exists. As a derivative process of electric spark machining, the electric spark machining efficiency is obviously improved, but the switching time of the electric arc needs to be strictly controlled, otherwise, continuous electric arc is easy to burn a workpiece, and a remarkable recast layer and a heat affected zone are generated. Electrolytic machining has no obvious thermal stress, so the quality of the machined surface is high, but the flow field needs to be strictly controlled and the conductivity of the medium is kept constant, otherwise, uneven dissolution is caused to damage the machining precision. In addition, electrical discharge machining, arc machining and electrolytic machining all require materials that are electrically conductive, and have high machining limitations for non-conductive or weakly conductive materials, such as ceramic matrix composites. Disclosure of Invention Aiming at the characteristics of high-performance material complex parts, the main purpose of the invention is to provide a laser directional induction arc discharge milling system and a processing method, and the technology does not need to consider the characteristics of material strength, hardness, conductivity and the like, has wide application range and has stronger engineering application value, thereby overcoming the defects in the prior art. In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention comprises the following steps: A first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention provides a laser directed induction arc discharge milling system comprising a milling unit comprising: The electric arc generating module comprises an electrode pair, wherein the electrode pair comprises two discharge electrodes which are arranged at intervals, and the narrowest width of a gap between the two discharge electrodes is larger than the air discharge gap distance; An air jet module for providing at least an air jet that flows through a gap between two of the discharge electrodes; the laser module is used for providing pulse laser and converging the pulse laser in a gap between two discharge electrodes, and enabling the pulse laser to be focused between the two discharge electrodes, compressed air contained in the air jet contacts with the pulse laser at the focus position of the pulse laser and generates optical breakdown and ionization to generate plasma, when the discharge electrodes are connected with a power supply, the plasma induces arc plasma between the two discharge electrodes, the arc plasma generates directional distortion towards a workpiece to be processed under the impact of the air jet, and the power density of the arc plasma is larger than the ablation threshold value of the workpiece material to be processed. A second aspect of the embo