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CN-119819795-B - Spinning method and spinning tool for internal tooth-shaped transmission part

CN119819795BCN 119819795 BCN119819795 BCN 119819795BCN-119819795-B

Abstract

The invention relates to a spinning method of an internal tooth form transmission part, which comprises the steps of establishing a model of a plate-shaped blank and a spinning tool which are the same as those of an actually processed transmission part in finite element software, carrying out drawing spinning simulation processing on the plate-shaped blank by using the spinning tool to obtain a simulated formed cylindrical blank, then carrying out single-pass spinning simulation processing on the cylindrical blank by using the model of the spinning tool to determine the simulated rolling reduction required by the internal tooth form tooth height of the transmission part, adopting drawing spinning and single-pass spinning, and actually processing the transmission part by using the rolling reduction to obtain the transmission part with an internal tooth form. Compared with the traditional extrusion, broaching and composite forming methods, the method for producing the internal tooth-shaped transmission part by the spinning method maintains the fiber flow direction of the original blank, has high surface quality of the part and improves the production efficiency.

Inventors

  • YU XINHONG
  • CHEN SHUFAN
  • HAN LIANG
  • LI XIAOFENG

Assignees

  • 西北工业大学

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20241225

Claims (7)

  1. 1. The spinning method of the internal tooth-shaped transmission part is characterized by comprising the following steps of: Firstly, in finite element software, establishing a model of a platy blank (3) and a spinning tool which are the same as those of an actually processed transmission part, and carrying out drawing spinning simulation processing on the platy blank (3) by using the spinning tool to obtain a simulated formed cylindrical blank (9); Step two, performing single-pass spinning simulation processing on the cylindrical blank (9) by using a spinning tool model, and determining the simulated rolling reduction required by the internal tooth profile tooth height of the transmission part; The spinning tool comprises a core mold (1), a deep drawing spinning roller (41) for deep drawing spinning simulation processing and a spinning roller (42) for single-pass spinning simulation processing, wherein the surface of the core mold (1) is provided with a tooth mold (11) matched with the internal tooth form of a transmission part; At this time, the simulated rolling reduction is that in single-pass spinning processing, a spinning roller (42) tightly presses blanks of the transmission part into a tooth mold (11) on a core mold (1), so that the inner surface of the transmission part forms the rolling reduction of the target tooth height of the transmission part; step three, adopting deep drawing spinning and single-pass spinning, and actually processing a transmission part by using the reduction to obtain the transmission part with the internal tooth shape; in the second step, a model using a plurality of spinning rollers (42) is established and simulated, the spinning rollers (42) comprise at least one arc spinning roller (421) and at least two double-cone spinning rollers (422), and the spinning rollers (42) are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the mandrel (1); at this time, a spinning roller (42) is used for performing a staggered spinning simulation processing on the cylindrical blank, thereby determining a simulated total reduction required by the internal tooth profile tooth height of the transmission part; Further, the simulated total rolling reduction is distributed to a plurality of spinning rollers (42) in different proportions, the staggered spinning simulation processing with different radial staggered amounts is carried out, the corresponding simulated rolling reduction of each spinning roller (42) when the spinning force difference of the plurality of spinning rollers (42) is smaller than 5 percent is selected, the simulated rolling reduction of each spinning roller (42) is that in the staggered spinning processing, each spinning roller (42) tightly presses a blank of a transmission part into a tooth mold (11) on a mandrel (1), the inner surface of the blank of the transmission part forms the rolling reduction of the target tooth height of the transmission part, the rolling reduction sum of each spinning roller (42) is the total rolling reduction, and the total rolling reduction is equal to the simulated total rolling reduction; meanwhile, on the premise of preventing interference phenomenon among the spinning rollers (42), the axial spacing of the spinning rollers (42) is determined; Step three, adopting a plurality of spinning rollers (42) to carry out offset spinning processing, and actually processing a transmission part by using the rolling-down amount of each spinning roller (42) to obtain a transmission part with an internal tooth shape; The offset spinning simulation processing is the same as the actual offset spinning processing, the target tooth height of the transmission part is h=2-4 mm, the model of the spinning roller (42) comprises a circular arc roller (421) and two models of double-cone rollers (422), and the total rolling reduction of the three spinning rollers (42) is 2.8-6mm; the rolling reduction t 1 、t 2 、t 3 of the three spinning rollers (42) is 45-55%, 25-35% and 15-25% of the total rolling reduction respectively; at this time, the radial distance between the first spinning roller (42) and the second spinning roller (42) is equal to t 2 , and the radial distance between the second spinning roller (42) and the third spinning roller (42) is equal to t 3 ; Meanwhile, in order to prevent interference phenomenon between the spinning rollers (42), the axial distance S 12 between the first spinning roller (42) and the second spinning roller (42) is determined to be 15-20mm, and the axial distance S 23 between the second spinning roller (42) and the third spinning roller (42) is determined to be 10-15mm.
  2. 2. The spinning method of an internally toothed transmission part according to claim 1, characterized in that in the second step, in the single-pass spinning simulation process, a gap between the drawing spinning roller (41) and the mandrel (1) is 6-20mm, a rotational speed of the mandrel (1) is 300-2000rpm, an axial feeding speed of the drawing spinning roller (41) is 0.5-1.5mm/r, and the single-pass spinning simulation process is the same as the actual single-pass spinning process.
  3. 3. The spinning method of an internally toothed transmission part according to claim 1, characterized in that the plate-like blank (3) is a circular plate-like blank with a diameter of 150-400mm and a thickness of 6-15mm.
  4. 4. The spinning method of an internally toothed transmission part according to claim 1, characterized in that in the second step, the single-pass spinning simulation process is the same as the actual single-pass spinning process, the target tooth height of the transmission part is h=2-4 mm, and the total reduction of three spinning rollers (42) is 2.8-6mm.
  5. 5. The spinning method of the internal tooth form transmission parts according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the plate-like blank (3) in the third step is made of carbon or alloy structural steel, and is annealed before the deep drawing spinning process for reducing hardness, improving plasticity and eliminating internal stress of the blank.
  6. 6. The spinning method of the internal tooth form transmission part according to claim 5, wherein the specific annealing step is that the platy blank (3) is put into an annealing furnace, the temperature of the annealing furnace is heated to 650-850 ℃, the heat preservation treatment is carried out for 10-15h, the platy blank is cooled to 400-500 ℃ along with the furnace, and then the platy blank is taken out and cooled to the room temperature, so that the annealing treatment of the platy blank is completed.
  7. 7. A spinning tool for spinning an internally toothed transmission part according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising a tail top (2), a mandrel (1) mounted on a base (8), the tail top (2) and the mandrel (1) being matched to jointly compress a plate-shaped blank (3), the tail top (2), the mandrel (1) and the base (8) being coaxially arranged and driven to rotate by a main shaft of a spinning machine; The drawing spinning roller (41) and three spinning rollers (42) are arranged on the roller frame (7); the deep drawing spinning roller (41) is used during deep drawing spinning, the spinning roller (42) is used during single-pass spinning or offset spinning, the spinning roller (42) comprises an arc spinning roller (421) and two double-cone spinning rollers (422), and the deep drawing spinning roller (41) and the arc spinning roller (421) have the same structure; the diameters D of the deep drawing spinning roller (41), the circular arc spinning roller (421) and the double-cone spinning roller (422) are as follows: d= (1.2-2) D, D being the diameter of the mandrel (1); Too small a diameter D can increase tangential flow of metal and lower workpiece precision, and too large a diameter D can increase spinning force; In the deep drawing spinning process, in order to enlarge the contact area between the deep drawing spinning roller (41) and the blank, the quality of the cylindrical blank (9) is improved, so that the arc radius R of the deep drawing spinning roller (41) is 30-40mm; When the cone angle radius r of the double-cone spinning roller (422) is larger during single-pass spinning or offset spinning, the contact area between the double-cone spinning roller (422) and a blank is increased, the blank of a transmission part is fully extruded, but the surface quality of a formed part is high, the spinning force is increased, blank wrinkling and instability are easily caused, and the forming of a spinning piece is not facilitated; therefore, the value of the cone angle radius r is: r= (1-3) t, t is the thickness of the plate-shaped blank (3); meanwhile, the overlarge working angle alpha of the double-conical-surface spinning roller (422) can cause the rising height of a material in front of the spinning roller to be increased, so that the fluidity of the material is deteriorated, even instability or wrinkling occurs, when the material is too small, the contact area between the spinning roller and a blank is increased, the spinning force is increased, the adverse effect is brought to spinning, and the value of the working angle alpha is 15-30 degrees.

Description

Spinning method and spinning tool for internal tooth-shaped transmission part Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of metal plastic forming, in particular to a processing method of an internal tooth-shaped transmission part. Background The automobile parts industry in China is rapidly increased along with the expansion of the whole automobile market scale and global purchasing, a good foundation is provided for the continuous and steady development of the automobile manufacturing industry, along with the rapid development of the automobile industry, market demands are rapidly increased, urgent demands are generated for light weight and low energy consumption of automobile parts, wherein tooth-shaped parts occupy more than 30% of the automobile parts market, such as various gears, splines, lead screws, gear rings and the like, and the parts have large application amount and wide coverage. For transmission parts with internal tooth form, the traditional machining processes are mainly reduced material manufacture and plastic forming: (1) And reducing materials, namely hobbing, shaving, gear shaping, gear grinding and the like, and removing redundant materials by rubbing or cutting the blank by a cutter so as to form the part with the required size. The method has the defects of large amount of metal scraps generated in the processing process, low material utilization rate, damage to the original streamline of the material in the forming process, higher processing cost of the cutter, low processing efficiency and poor dimensional accuracy. (2) Extrusion belongs to the field of plastic forming, and excess blanks flow out of a die cavity through extrusion of a male die with an external tooth shape to form a transmission part with an internal tooth shape. The method has the defects that in the extrusion process, the friction force between the blank and the die is large, the die is more easily damaged, the dimensional accuracy of the part is reduced, and the residual stress in the part is large due to extrusion. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a spinning method for an internal tooth-shaped transmission part, which is used for obtaining a transmission part with precise size by spinning a plate-shaped blank. In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the spinning method of the internal tooth-shaped transmission part comprises the following steps of: Firstly, establishing a model of a platy blank and a spinning tool which are the same as those of an actually processed transmission part in finite element software, and carrying out drawing spinning simulation processing on the platy blank by using the spinning tool to obtain a simulated formed cylindrical blank; step two, performing single-pass spinning simulation processing on the cylindrical blank by using a spinning tool model, and determining the simulated rolling reduction required by the internal tooth profile tooth height of the transmission part; the spinning tool comprises a die core, a drawing spinning roller for drawing and spinning simulation processing and a spinning roller model for single-pass spinning simulation processing, wherein the die core is provided with a tooth die matched with the internal tooth form of the transmission part on the surface; at this time, the simulated rolling reduction is that in single-pass spinning processing, a spinning roller tightly presses a blank of the transmission part into a tooth mold on a core mold, so that the inner surface of the transmission part forms the rolling reduction of the target tooth height of the transmission part; And thirdly, adopting deep drawing spinning and single-pass spinning, and actually processing the transmission part by using the rolling reduction to obtain the transmission part with the internal tooth shape. Further, a model using a plurality of spinning rollers is built and simulated in the second step, the spinning rollers comprise at least one circular arc spinning roller and at least two biconical spinning rollers, and the spinning rollers are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the core mold; At this time, the spinning roller is used for performing offset spinning simulation processing on the cylindrical blank, so as to determine the simulated total reduction required by the internal tooth profile tooth height of the transmission part; Further, distributing the simulated total rolling reduction to a plurality of spinning rollers in different proportions, performing staggered-spinning simulation processing of different radial staggered-distance amounts, selecting the corresponding simulated rolling reduction of each spinning roller when the spinning force difference of the plurality of spinning rollers is smaller than 3-5%, wherein the simulated rolling reduction of each spinning roller is that in the staggered-spinning processing, each spinning roller tightly presses a blank