CN-119875504-B - High-reflection-resistance nano-coating for TCO glass of perovskite solar cell and preparation method of high-reflection-resistance nano-coating

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of solar cells, and particularly relates to a high-reflection-resistance nano coating for Transparent Conductive Oxide (TCO) glass of a perovskite solar cell and a preparation method thereof. The high-reflection-resistance nano coating for the TCO glass of the perovskite solar cell is prepared from composite silicon dioxide dispersion liquid, polyhydroxy polymer dispersion liquid and wetting leveling agent. The high-reflection-preventing nano coating has higher mechanical property, higher stability and service life, super hydrophilicity and self-cleaning property, can be prepared in a normal temperature environment, is suitable for perovskite solar cells, and can increase the light transmittance of TCO glass of the perovskite solar cells.

Inventors

• PAN MENG
• LIU YI
• Zeng Junkang
• WU YUNCHUAN

Assignees

• 零零五(重庆)纳米科技有限公司

Dates

Publication Date

20260508

Application Date

20250116

Claims (4)

1. 1. The preparation method of the high-reflection-preventing nano coating for the TCO glass of the perovskite solar cell is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-10 parts by weight of a composite silica dispersion liquid; 90-98 parts by weight of a polyhydroxy polymer dispersion; 0.01-1 parts by weight of a wetting and leveling agent; the composite silicon dioxide dispersion liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-90 parts by weight of an organic solvent; 8-15 parts by weight of alkoxy silane; 0.1-5 parts by weight of ammonia water; 0.1-8 parts by weight of water; The preparation method comprises the following steps: Step 1, mixing a composite silicon dioxide dispersion liquid, a polyhydroxy polymer dispersion liquid and a wetting leveling agent, and uniformly stirring to obtain a high-reflection-preventing nano coating liquid; Step 2, coating the high-reflection-resistance nano coating liquid, and curing at normal temperature to obtain a high-reflection-resistance nano coating of the TCO glass of the perovskite solar cell; In step 1, the preparation method of the composite silica dispersion liquid comprises the following steps: Step a, an organic solvent is divided into two parts averagely, one part of the organic solvent is mixed with water and ammonia water uniformly to obtain a solution A, and the other part of the organic solvent is mixed with alkoxy silane uniformly to obtain a solution B; step B, slowly adding the solution B into the solution A, stirring for reaction, and standing for aging to obtain silica sol; Step c, grading and compounding the silica sol with different particle sizes, heating under vacuum condition, then adding water, heating and concentrating to obtain a composite silica dispersion; the alkoxy silane is selected from one or more of tetraethoxy silane, methyltrimethoxy silane, methyltriethoxy silane, tetramethoxy silane, dimethyl dimethoxy silane and dimethyl diethoxy silane; the polyhydroxy polymer dispersion liquid is prepared by dispersing polyhydroxy polymers in a mixed solvent, wherein the mass fraction of the polyhydroxy polymer dispersion liquid is 1-5%; The polyhydroxy polymer is obtained by mixing polysiloxane and polysilazane according to the mass ratio of 10:1; or the polyhydroxy polymer is obtained by mixing polysiloxane and polyvinyl alcohol according to a mass ratio of 5:1; Or the polyhydroxy polymer is obtained by mixing polysiloxane and polyacrylic acid according to the mass ratio of 20:1; the wetting and leveling agent is selected from one or two of Gemini siloxane and acetylene glycol vinyl ether; In the step c of the process, the process is carried out, Grading and compounding the silica sol with different particle sizes, heating to a boiling state under a vacuum condition lower than 5kPa, removing part of the organic solvent and ammonia water, adding water, continuously heating the sol to boiling under the vacuum condition lower than 5kPa, and concentrating the mass fraction of the silica sol to 20-30wt% to obtain a composite silica dispersion; The silica sol with different particle sizes is selected from two or more than two of silica sols with super-large particle sizes of 100-200 nm, large particle sizes of 60-100 nm, medium particle sizes of 30-60 nm, small particle sizes of 10-30 nm and super-small particle sizes of 1-10 nm.
2. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, Slowly adding the composite silicon dioxide dispersion liquid into the polyhydroxy polymer dispersion liquid, then adding the wetting and leveling agent, and stirring for 5-20 min at the rotating speed of 50-500 rpm.
3. 3. The process according to claim 1, wherein in step a, The organic solvent is selected from one or more of methanol, ethanol, glycol, n-propanol and isopropanol; The concentration of the ammonia water is 25-28wt%; the alkoxy silane is selected from one or more of tetraethoxy silane, methyltrimethoxy silane, methyltriethoxy silane, tetramethoxy silane, dimethyl dimethoxy silane and dimethyl diethoxy silane.
4. 4. The process according to claim 1, wherein in step b, And slowly adding the solution B into the solution A at room temperature, stirring and reacting for 2-5 hours at the rotating speed of 50-500 rpm, and standing and aging for 2-10 days after the reaction is completed to obtain the silica sol.

Description

High-reflection-resistance nano-coating for TCO glass of perovskite solar cell and preparation method of high-reflection-resistance nano-coating Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of solar cells, and particularly relates to a high-reflection-resistance nano coating for Transparent Conductive Oxide (TCO) glass of a perovskite solar cell and a preparation method thereof. Background Solar cells are devices in which semiconductor materials absorb light energy of the sun and convert it into electrical energy. When sunlight is irradiated onto the solar cell, electrons in the semiconductor material are excited, thereby generating an electric current. Solar cells can be classified into silicon-based solar cells, thin film solar cells, and perovskite solar cells according to the semiconductor materials used. In order to protect the internal structure of the solar cell, photovoltaic glass or TCO glass is generally used as a cover plate. However, when sunlight is incident on the surface of the cover glass, a part of light is reflected due to the difference of the refractive indexes of the media, so that the absorption of the incident light by the solar cell is reduced. Therefore, an optical anti-reflection coating (an anti-reflection film or an anti-reflection film) is generally manufactured on the light-receiving surface of the solar cell, so as to reduce reflected light, increase transmitted light, and realize higher photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell. The traditional silicon-based solar cell increases the light transmittance of the photovoltaic glass by embossing the photovoltaic glass and coating an anti-reflection coating, and the light transmittance of the photovoltaic glass after the treatment can reach more than 94 percent. The transmittance of the TCO glass used in the perovskite solar cell is generally between 80% and 90%, and the TCO glass is limited to a special structure of the perovskite solar cell, and cannot be subjected to embossing treatment, so that the application of the anti-reflection coating is an effective method for solving the problem that the transmittance of the TCO glass of the perovskite solar cell is low. The preparation of the anti-reflection coating of the photovoltaic glass generally needs to be subjected to annealing treatment above 600 ℃ to realize good anti-reflection performance and mechanical performance of the coating, but the TCO glass cannot be subjected to annealing treatment above 600 ℃, so that the coating is required to be carried out by adopting a normal-temperature coating process. In the prior art, the technology of antireflective nano coating for TCO glass of perovskite solar cell is not much, the conventional antireflective coating is mostly low refractive index material, silicon dioxide is a common optical coating material with low refractive index, and meanwhile, the silicon dioxide coating can be prepared at normal temperature, so that the silicon dioxide coating can be used for antireflective coating of TCO glass. The normal temperature preparation of the silica coating mainly adopts a sol-gel method, the preparation method of the silica sol is mainly divided into acid catalysis and alkali catalysis, the silica coating prepared by the acid catalysis method has higher mechanical property but not outstanding anti-reflection performance, the silica coating prepared by the alkali catalysis has higher anti-reflection performance but poorer mechanical property, as the patent application number 20241629896. X discloses a self-cleaning anti-reflection coating liquid, a preparation method and application thereof, and the film material obtained after the coating of the coating liquid has the advantages of high anti-reflection and high weather resistance but poorer mechanical property. The acid-base two-step catalysis method can solve the problems, namely, the acid-base two-step catalysis sol is obtained by compounding the acid catalysis sol and the base catalysis sol or preparing the acid catalysis (base catalysis) sol and then performing base catalysis (acid catalysis) treatment, so that the optical coating with high anti-reflection and good mechanical property can be prepared. However, the silica sol prepared by the acid-base two-step catalysis method has the defects of poor sol stability, short service life and the like, and limits the scale application of the silica sol. As patent application No. cn201010587173.X proposes a large-area silicon-based thin film solar cell with an antireflection film and a preparation method thereof, which adopts an acid-base two-step catalysis method for preparation, and a layer of antireflection film is prepared on photovoltaic glass by adopting a sol-gel method, and a double-layer antireflection effect is obtained by combining with a front electrode TCO film of the cell. The sol preparation scheme of the antireflection film is an acid-base two-step catalysis method, namely, acid catalysis and