CN-120065352-B - Monitoring system and method for monitoring dynamic disasters and earthquake precursors of coal and rock

CN120065352BCN 120065352 BCN120065352 BCN 120065352BCN-120065352-B

Abstract

The invention discloses a monitoring system and a method for monitoring dynamic disasters and earthquake precursors of coal and rock, wherein the monitoring system comprises a control cabinet, a vector magnetic observation device and a plurality of electromagnetic radiation monitoring devices, each electromagnetic radiation monitoring device comprises an explosion-proof shell, a mounting bracket and a plurality of magnetic field sensors, a slave controller, a slave memory, a high-speed data acquisition module and a slave communication module are arranged in the explosion-proof shell, the vector magnetic observation device is used for monitoring geomagnetism outside a mine, and the magnetic field sensors are used for detecting magnetic fields. The monitoring system and the monitoring method can realize full waveform acquisition of electromagnetic signals combined at multiple points inside and outside the mine by using the vector magnetic observation device and the electromagnetic radiation monitoring devices, thereby providing reliable data support for coal and rock dynamic disasters and earthquake precursors, realizing acquisition of magnetic field signals at different angles by using angle-adjustable installation of each magnetic field sensor, and meeting acquisition requirements in different space environments inside the mine.

Inventors

JU HAIHUA
SUN JUNSONG
WANG LI
WANG CHEN
HE GANG
LIU SIJIA
LI JIANFENG
LI BING
BAI ZONGRONG
XIA ZHONG
YANG JIE
YU YANG

Assignees

江苏省地震局
江苏徐矿能源股份有限公司
南京正源抗震科技有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20250417

Claims (7)

1. The monitoring system for monitoring dynamic disasters and earthquake precursors of coal and rock is characterized by comprising a control cabinet (113), a vector magnetic observation device and a plurality of electromagnetic radiation monitoring devices; the electromagnetic radiation monitoring device comprises an explosion-proof shell, a mounting bracket and a plurality of magnetic field sensors; the explosion-proof shell is internally provided with a slave controller, a slave memory, a signal generating circuit, a high-speed data acquisition module and a slave communication module; the vector magnetic observation device is arranged on a protection platform outside a mine and used for monitoring geomagnetism outside the mine, each magnetic field sensor is arranged on the upper side surface and the lower side surface edge of the explosion-proof shell in an angle adjustable mode and used for performing multi-angle magnetic field monitoring, the mounting bracket is arranged at the center of the lower side surface of the explosion-proof shell and used for fixing the explosion-proof shell on a mounting surface inside the mine, the slave controller is respectively and electrically connected with the slave memory, the signal generating circuit, the slave communication module and the high-speed data acquisition module, the high-speed data acquisition module and the signal generating circuit are respectively and electrically connected with each magnetic field sensor, the high-speed data acquisition module is used for acquiring data of each magnetic field sensor, the signal generating circuit is used for sending standard calibration signals to each magnetic field sensor, the control cabinet (113) is arranged outside the mine and provided with the master controller, the master memory, the router and the master communication module, and the slave communication module are respectively and electrically connected with the vector magnetic observation device, the master memory, the router and the master communication module through an explosion-proof cable; The explosion-proof shell comprises an upper shell (18) and a lower shell (1), wherein the upper shell (18) and the lower shell (1) are detachably assembled, a hinge mounting groove (3) is formed in the middle of the four edges of the upper side face of the upper shell (18) and the middle of the four edges of the lower side face of the lower shell (1), a sensor mounting seat (19) is arranged on the hinge mounting groove (3) in a pitching swinging hinged mode, and the end part of a hinge shaft (21) on one side of the sensor mounting seat (19) is locked in a swinging angle through an angle locking mechanism; The magnetic field sensor comprises a coil assembly, a magnetic core, a built-in circuit board (65), an explosion-proof shell, an inner arc-shaped shielding blade (47) and an outer arc-shaped shielding blade (48), wherein the magnetic core is fixed inside the coil assembly, a coil fixing cavity (53) and a circuit fixing cavity (64) are arranged in the explosion-proof shell, the coil assembly is detachably arranged in the coil fixing cavity (53), the built-in circuit board (65) is detachably arranged in the circuit fixing cavity (64), a signal processing circuit electrically connected with the coil assembly is arranged on the built-in circuit board (65), the signal processing circuit is electrically connected with a high-speed data acquisition module and the signal generating circuit respectively, the end part of the explosion-proof shell is fixed on a sensor mounting seat (19) through a mounting connecting column (50), two blade supporting rings (45) are rotatably arranged on the mounting connecting column (50), the end parts of the inner arc-shaped shielding blade (47) and the outer arc-shaped shielding blade (48) are fixedly connected with the two blade supporting rings (45) through a connecting support bar (46), and the inner arc-shaped shielding blade (47) and the outer arc-shaped shielding blade (48) are located on the periphery of the explosion-proof shell in a local surrounding mode; The coil assembly comprises a bobbin (54), three middle induction coils (62), two end induction coils (60), six feedback coils (61) and two ground wire coils (57), wherein a magnetic core is coaxially and fixedly arranged in the bobbin (54), six first annular grooves (58), three second annular grooves (59) and two third annular grooves (63) are arranged on the outer wall of the middle part of the bobbin (54), the three second annular grooves (59) and the two third annular grooves (63) are respectively positioned in five interval sections between the six first annular grooves (58), the three second annular grooves (59) are positioned between the two third annular grooves (63), the distance between the adjacent first annular grooves (58) and the second annular grooves (59) is equal to the distance between the adjacent first annular grooves (58) and the third annular grooves (63), one fourth annular groove (55) is arranged on the outer wall of the two ends of the bobbin (54), the two ground wire coils (57) are respectively positioned in the two fourth annular grooves (55), the three second annular grooves (59) and the three electric coils (62) which are respectively connected with the signal processing end are respectively positioned in the six annular grooves (61), the three feedback coils (61) are respectively positioned in the six annular grooves (61) respectively, the electromagnetic signal processing circuit comprises a ground wire coil (57), a signal processing circuit, an electromagnetic signal output end, a calibration signal input end and a signal generating circuit, wherein one end of the ground wire coil (57) is electrically connected with the ground wire coil, the other end of the ground wire coil is electrically connected with a feedback signal input end of the signal processing circuit, three middle induction coils (62) and two end induction coils (60) are sequentially connected according to the positions of the three middle induction coils and the two end induction coils to form a detection coil circuit, one end of the detection coil circuit is electrically connected with one end of the ground wire coil (57), the other end of the detection coil circuit is electrically connected with the electromagnetic signal input end of the signal processing circuit, the signal processing circuit is used for amplifying electromagnetic signals of the electromagnetic signal input end and feeding back the amplified electromagnetic signals to the feedback signal input end, the signal processing circuit is provided with the electromagnetic signal output end used for outputting the amplified electromagnetic signals, the electromagnetic signal output end is electrically connected with a signal acquisition end of a high-speed data acquisition module, and the calibration signal input end is electrically connected with the signal generating circuit.
2. The monitoring system for coal and rock dynamic disasters and earthquake precursor monitoring according to claim 1, wherein a ventilation window (31) is vertically arranged in the middle of the upper shell (18) in a penetrating manner, a heat dissipation channel which is in butt joint with the ventilation window (31) is vertically arranged in the middle of the lower shell (1), a middle platform (33) is horizontally arranged at the lower end of the heat dissipation channel through a radial supporting tube (34), a mounting bracket is arranged on the lower side surface of the middle platform (33), an electric control box (35) is arranged on the upper side surface of the middle platform (33), a slave control circuit board (40) and a driving motor (36) are arranged in the electric control box (35), a slave controller, a slave memory and a slave communication module are arranged on the slave control circuit board (40), a temperature sensor and a heat dissipation driving circuit which are electrically connected with the slave controller are arranged on the slave control circuit board (40), a plurality of rods (37) are horizontally fixed at the upper end of the transmission shaft in a penetrating manner, a plurality of hanging rods (37) are arranged below the hanging rods (37) in a penetrating manner, the hanging rods (39) are arranged at different heights, the heat dissipation circuits are arranged at different heights, and the hanging rods (39) are connected with the heat dissipation circuits in a hanging rods (39) in a hanging manner, the driving motor (36) is used for driving the transmission shaft to rotate, a plurality of radiating blocks are fixedly arranged on the circumferential side wall of the electric control box (35), radiating fins (38) of each radiating block horizontally extend out of the electric control box (35), annular radiating sections with different heights are formed outside the electric control box (35), each radiating wiper blade (39) horizontally moves in the annular radiating sections at different height positions respectively, an annular heat conducting flat tube (42) is arranged in the electric control box (35), the annular heat conducting flat tube (42) is tightly attached to the radiating blocks, a chip radiating strip (41) extending to a slave control circuit board (40) and a motor radiating strip (43) extending to the driving motor (36) are fixedly connected to the annular heat conducting flat tube (42), and an arc-shaped heat conducting plate (44) tightly attached to the side wall of the driving motor (36) is arranged at the end part of the motor radiating strip (43).
3. The monitoring system for coal and rock dynamic disasters and earthquake precursor monitoring according to claim 1, wherein the mounting bracket comprises a bottom supporting plate (5), two hinged mounting seats (6), three telescopic supporting legs, a hinged main shaft (17) and a rotary positioning bolt (9), the bottom supporting plate (5) is rotatably mounted at the bottom center of an explosion-proof shell through the bottom supporting main shaft (8), the two hinged mounting seats (6) are arranged on the lower side surface of the bottom supporting plate (5), the hinged main shaft (17) is mounted on the two hinged mounting seats (6), one arc-shaped adjusting hole (7) is formed in each hinged mounting seat (6) around the hinged main shaft (17), the ends of the two telescopic supporting legs are respectively and rotatably mounted on the two ends of the hinged main shaft (17) in a swinging mode and are locked on the arc-shaped holes (7) through opposite-pull bolts (11), the end part of the other telescopic supporting leg is rotatably mounted on the middle part of the hinged main shaft (17), the rotary positioning bolt (9) is rotatably mounted on the bottom supporting plate (5) in a penetrating mode, and the end part of the rotary positioning bolt (9) is rotatably mounted on the explosion-proof shell.
4. The monitoring system for coal rock dynamic disaster and earthquake precursor monitoring according to claim 1, wherein the vector magnetic observation device comprises an angle adjusting mechanism, a Helmholtz coil, a suspension adjusting mechanism, a spherical coil unit, a magnetic probe support, an optical pump magnetic sensor (91) and a switching control circuit, wherein the angle adjusting mechanism is arranged on a protection platform, the Helmholtz coil is arranged on the angle adjusting mechanism, the angle and the levelness of the Helmholtz coil are adjusted by the angle adjusting mechanism, the spherical coil unit is arranged on the Helmholtz coil through the suspension adjusting mechanism, the spherical coil unit is positioned in the middle of the Helmholtz coil, the suspension levelness of the spherical coil unit is adjusted by the suspension adjusting mechanism, the magnetic probe support is arranged on the angle adjusting mechanism, the upper end of the magnetic probe support extends into the middle of the spherical coil unit, the optical pump magnetic sensor (91) is arranged on the upper end of the magnetic probe support, the main controller is electrically connected with the optical pump magnetic sensor (91), the switching control circuit is arranged in the control cabinet (113) and is electrically connected with the main controller, and the Helmholtz coil is connected with the main control circuit in series mode.
5. The monitoring system for coal and rock dynamic disasters and earthquake precursors according to claim 4, wherein the angle adjusting mechanism comprises a mechanism bottom plate (102), a supporting tray (96), a rotating disc (97), a rotating positioning bolt (99) and three bottom supporting units, wherein the bottom supporting units comprise a sliding limit seat (104), a supporting adjusting screw rod (105), an adjusting compression bolt (108), a sliding supporting plate (110) and a supporting thread seat (103), the mechanism bottom plate (102) is fixed on a protection platform, the supporting thread seats (103) of the three bottom supporting units are fixed at three supporting points on the mechanism bottom plate (102), the lower ends of the supporting adjusting screw rods (105) are screwed on the corresponding supporting thread seats (103), the middle part of the supporting adjusting screw rods (105) is fixedly provided with an adjusting turntable (106), the upper ends of the supporting adjusting screw rods (105) are provided with supporting ball heads (112), the lower side surfaces of the sliding supporting plate (110) are provided with sliding limit seats (107) which are in spherical hinge joint with the supporting ball heads (112), the sliding limit seats (104) of the three bottom supporting units are fixed on the lower side surfaces of the supporting tray (96) at three supporting points, the lower side surfaces of the supporting disc (104) are in flat side surfaces (109) which are in sliding limit cavities (109), the sliding support seat (107) penetrates through the movable window (111), the sliding support plate (110) is supported in the flat cavity (109), the adjusting compression bolt (108) is screwed on the sliding limit seat (104), the end part of the adjusting compression bolt (108) is pressed on the sliding support plate (110), a limit circular groove is formed in the upper side face of the support tray (96), the rotary disc (97) is rotatably mounted in the limit circular groove, the rotary positioning bolt (99) is screwed on the side edge of the support tray (96), the end part of the rotary positioning bolt (99) is pressed on the rotary disc (97), and the Helmholtz coil is mounted on the rotary disc (97).
6. The monitoring system for coal rock dynamic disaster and earthquake precursor monitoring according to claim 4, wherein the suspension adjusting mechanism comprises a suspension beam (71), a suspension rod (72), a suspension shaft (74), a suspension seat (73), four suspension screws (75), four adjusting weights (76), a counterweight pendulum (80), two arc-shaped suspenders (77), an upper pressing plate (82), a clamping bolt (85) and a lower pressing plate (83), wherein the suspension beam (71) is longitudinally fixed on the top of the Helmholtz coil, the upper end of the suspension rod (72) is arranged in the middle of the suspension beam (71) in a left-right swinging manner, the suspension seat (73) is fixed on the lower end of the suspension rod (72), the middle of the suspension shaft (74) is transversely and rotatably arranged on the suspension seat (73), the two suspension screws (75) are respectively transversely and horizontally arranged on the left end and the right end of the suspension shaft (74), the other two suspension screws (75) are respectively longitudinally and horizontally fixed on the left side edge and the right side edge of the front end of the suspension shaft (74) and the left side and the right side edge of the four suspension screws (77) are respectively arranged on the left side and right side edge of the upper end of the suspension shaft (74), the lower ends of the two arc-shaped suspenders (77) are fixed on the upper side face of the upper pressing plate (82), a suspension connecting rod (78) is connected between the upper ends of the two arc-shaped suspenders (77), the top center of the counterweight pendulum (80) is connected to the middle of the suspension connecting rod (78) through a suspension rope (79), round windows (87) are formed in the top and the bottom of the spherical coil unit, a lower pressing plate (83) is located in the round window (87) in the top, the lower pressing plate (83) is oppositely pulled and installed below the upper pressing plate (82) through a clamping bolt (85), and an arc-shaped supporting surface (84) matched with the inner spherical surface of the round window (87) is arranged on the upper side face of the lower pressing plate (83).
7. A method of monitoring a monitoring system for coal rock dynamic disasters and seismic precursors according to claim 1, comprising the steps of: Step 1, selecting each monitoring point in a mine according to monitoring requirements, selecting a mounting surface of an electromagnetic radiation monitoring device at each monitoring point according to a mounting environment, mounting the electromagnetic radiation monitoring device on the selected mounting surface through a mounting bracket, wherein the distance between the upper side surface of an upper shell (18) and the top surface of the monitoring point is larger than a distance threshold value, the distance between the lower side surface of a lower shell (1) and the ground of the monitoring point is larger than a distance threshold value, and adjusting the levelness of the explosion-proof shell through the mounting bracket so that the upper side surface of the upper shell (18) and the lower side surface of the lower shell (1) are in a horizontal state; Step 2, installing a vector magnetic force observation device on a protection platform outside a mine, electrically connecting the vector magnetic force observation device with a main controller of a control cabinet (113), and carrying out initialization adjustment on the vector magnetic force observation device; Step 3, rotating and adjusting the explosion-proof shell, taking the center of the upper side surface of the explosion-proof shell as a coordinate origin, rotating magnetic field sensors on the four side edges of the upper side surface of the explosion-proof shell to be positioned in the four directions of the front south, the front north, the front east and the front west, and locking the rotation of the explosion-proof shell; Step 4, performing inclination adjustment on the four magnetic field sensors on the upper shell (18), locking inclination angles of the four magnetic field sensors on the upper side by utilizing corresponding angle locking mechanisms, adjusting inner arc-shaped shielding blades (47) and outer arc-shaped shielding blades (48) on the four magnetic field sensors on the upper side, and shielding the circumference of the coil assembly on the upper side within a shielding interval angle range; Step 5, the four magnetic field sensors on the lower shell (1) are subjected to inclination adjustment, the inclination angles of the four magnetic field sensors on the lower side are locked by utilizing corresponding angle locking mechanisms, the inner arc-shaped shielding blades (47) and the outer arc-shaped shielding blades (48) on the four magnetic field sensors on the lower side are adjusted, and the circumference of the coil assembly on the lower side is shielded in the angle range of a shielding section; Step 6, electrically connecting the slave communication modules of the electromagnetic radiation monitoring devices to the master communication module of the control cabinet (113) by using the explosion-proof cables, and communicating the master controller with a remote control center through a router; Step 7, surrounding and shielding each electromagnetic radiation monitoring device by utilizing each electromagnetic shielding cover, isolating the interference of an environment magnetic field on the electromagnetic radiation monitoring device, transmitting a calibration command to a slave communication module of each electromagnetic radiation monitoring device by a main controller through a main communication module, generating a standard calibration signal by a signal generation circuit after the calibration command is acquired by the slave controller, inputting the standard calibration signal to a signal processing circuit by a calibration signal input end, outputting the standard calibration signal to a feedback coil circuit by a feedback signal input end of the signal processing circuit so as to generate a calibration electromagnetic field, amplifying an electromagnetic signal perceived by a detection coil circuit by the signal processing circuit, acquiring the amplified electromagnetic signal by a high-speed data acquisition module, taking the acquired electromagnetic signal as a calibration electromagnetic signal, and detaching each electromagnetic shielding cover and stopping the signal generation of the signal generation circuit; Step 8, the main controller acquires the acquisition instruction of the remote control center in real time, after the main controller acquires the acquisition instruction, the main controller forwards the acquisition instruction to each slave communication module through the main communication module, after each slave controller receives the acquisition instruction, the signal processing circuit amplifies the actual electromagnetic signal perceived by the detection coil circuit, the high-speed data acquisition module acquires the amplified actual electromagnetic signal, the slave controller normalizes the acquired actual electromagnetic signal according to the calibrated electromagnetic signal to obtain an actual output signal, the actual output signal is sent to the main controller through the communication between the slave communication module and the main communication module, the main controller also carries out magnetic field detection control on the vector magnetic observation device to obtain extramine magnetic field data, and the main controller temporarily stores the actual output signal and the extramine magnetic field data in the main memory; And 9, forwarding the actual output signals in the main memory and the off-mine magnetic field data to a remote control center through a router by the main controller.

Description

Monitoring system and method for monitoring dynamic disasters and earthquake precursors of coal and rock Technical Field The invention relates to an electromagnetic radiation monitoring system and a monitoring method, in particular to a monitoring system and a monitoring method for monitoring dynamic disasters and earthquake precursors of coal and rock. Background As mining depths increase, problems faced by mining projects become more complex, and the resulting engineering hazards are more severe, especially with increased gas outburst and rock burst hazards. Therefore, effective deep mining and construction techniques, and basic theory and technological means for controlling engineering disasters, must be explored. The main methods for predicting and forecasting rock burst at present are a drilling cutting method, a microseismic method, an acoustic emission method, an electromagnetic radiation method and the like. The electromagnetic radiation method is used for monitoring the loading degree of the coal rock mass and the energy release of deformation and fracture, and judging the danger and the danger degree of the impact mine pressure through the change of the loading degree and the energy release of the deformation and fracture. The earliest recorded electromagnetic disturbance can be traced to the abnormal earthquake phenomenon of 1887, and the early Utzbek academy of sciences of 70 th century confirms that the crust emits electromagnetic pulses, and the emission intensity rises sharply before earthquake. After the large earthquake of Tangshan, china starts to study the electromagnetic radiation abnormality before the earthquake. In the middle of 70 s, the experimental study of rock electromagnetic radiation was developed by China seismic bureau geophysical institute Qian Shuqing, hao Jinqi et al, jiangsu province seismic bureau Zhang Deji et al. The Jiangsu province seismic bureau Zhang Deji et al, on the basis of the theoretical research of rock electromagnetic radiation, completed the national 85 attack project, developed a DUF-1 type impending earthquake electromagnetic radiation monitoring device and applied to the observation of the electromagnetic wave front megaphone of the earthquake. In the meantime, research in japan, greece, united states, sweden, germany, etc. has also been conducted. Based on the phenomenon of rock electromagnetic radiation, professor Dou Linming, professor Wang Enyuan and the like of the Chinese mining university in the early era of the century, related researches on the electromagnetic radiation of coal and rock masses are carried out, a plurality of monitoring instruments such as KDB5, KDB7 and the like applied to the electromagnetic radiation of the coal and rock masses in the coal mining process are developed on the basis, and remarkable results are obtained in rock burst prevention and treatment. Recently, the second-level researchers of the earthquake bureau Feng Zhisheng in Jiangsu province and the like develop the study of the propagation mechanism of the earthquake electromagnetic wave, propose a full waveform acquisition and analysis scheme, and are applied to the observation of the earthquake electromagnetic wave, so that remarkable results are obtained. Electromagnetic radiation, acoustic emission monitoring instruments KBD5 and KBD7, YDD16 portable acousto-electric monitoring devices, GDD12 online acousto-electric monitoring devices and the like are widely applied to monitoring of coal-rock mass electromagnetic radiation (acoustic emission) in the coal mine mining process, mainly concern the change process of a monitored object in the time domain on one frequency band, are commonly expressed as pulse number and field intensity on the basis of a time axis, and achieve a certain effect in practical application. In summary, the electromagnetic radiation of the coal and rock has the characteristics of wide frequency band and main frequency band change, if the waveform characteristics of the signals are ignored, the original electromagnetic radiation signal of the coal and rock is directly described only by the pulse number and the intensity, on one hand, the electromagnetic radiation information of the coal and rock can be omitted, and on the other hand, the electromagnetic interference can be mistakenly regarded as an effective signal, so that the electromagnetic radiation information of the coal and rock is inaccurate. Both of these aspects can have a serious impact on rock burst precursor information identification. None of the monitoring instruments for developing application at present realizes full waveform acquisition of high-speed broadband, and signal analysis of a frequency domain cannot be obtained. From the electromagnetic research of the earthquake, it can be found that the electromagnetic wave monitoring should obtain the whole waveform of the signal in the observation frequency band so as to obtain the reliable information. Disclosure of Invention