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CN-120130283-B - Comprehensive control method for Guangxi sweet tea gall mites based on ecological regulation and control

CN120130283BCN 120130283 BCN120130283 BCN 120130283BCN-120130283-B

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological regulation-based comprehensive control method for Guangxi sweet tea gall mites, which belongs to the technical field of sweet tea ecological planting, and comprises the steps of planting lemongrass at the periphery to form an odor barrier, carrying out purple perilla in the middle, and carrying out spaced interplanting on Guangxi sweet tea and sugar oranges in a core area to form a composite diamond layout; the method comprises the steps of interplanting chinaroot greenbrier with intervals to serve as a gall mite trapping plant, spraying matrine or azadirachtin plant source pesticide on chinaroot greenbrier periodically, forming a water-retaining and breathable layer with a slow-release function by adopting a composite matrix containing 60-65% of loess, 20-25% of bagasse biochar, 10-12% of vermiculite and 3-5% of sodium alginate-attapulgite clay composite water-retaining slow-release particles, and broadcasting mugwort seeds around host plants to inhibit survival of wintering adults of the gall mites. The invention has good ecological benefit and pest control efficiency, effectively improves the soil microenvironment, and is suitable for planting sweet tea in subtropical hilly areas such as Guangxi and the like.

Inventors

  • Gui Lingjian
  • YAN ZHIGANG
  • FENG SHIXIN
  • SONG LISHA
  • WEI YING
  • YANG CUIHONG

Assignees

  • 广西壮族自治区药用植物园

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20250415

Claims (7)

  1. 1. An ecological regulation-based comprehensive control method for Guangxi sweet tea gall mites is characterized by comprising the following steps: 1) Constructing an mite-repellent and trapping composite interplanting system, planting citronella grass at the periphery to form an odor barrier, carrying out purple perilla in the middle, carrying out intercropping on the Guangxi sweet tea and the sugar oranges in a core area to form a composite diamond layout, wherein the composite diamond layout comprises 3 layers of interplanting belts, the interval between each belt is 0.5-1m, the planting density of the citronella belts is 6-8 plants/m 2 , the plant height is controlled to be 0.8-1.2 m, chemical repellent layers are formed by releasing insect-repellent active components, the sugar oranges and the Guangxi sweet tea are planted at intervals of 1:1 row spacing, the row spacing is 0.8m multiplied by 1.0m, the insect-repellent active components are released, the purple perilla belts are planted in a double row staggered mode, the insect-repellent active components are released, and 15-degree inclined planting grooves are formed at the boundaries of the purple perilla interplanting belts and face the core area, so that volatile substances form centripetal concentration gradient fields; interplanting chinaroot greenbrier serving as a gall mite trapping plant is planted at intervals between Guangxi sweet tea and sugar oranges in a core area, wherein the chinaroot greenbrier trapping plant is planted with Guangxi sweet tea at intervals according to the proportion of 1:8-10, and is applied in the hatching period of the gall mites, and the chinaroot greenbrier is specifically characterized by adopting 0.5% matrine aqua and 0.3% azadirachtin emulsifiable concentrate to be compounded according to the volume ratio of 2:1, spraying for 1 time every 7 days and continuously 3 times to form a pesticide application period, and covering a rain-proof film with the light transmittance of more than or equal to 85% within 6 hours after pesticide spraying to ensure the penetration of a liquid medicine; 2) Carrying out soil microecology improvement, and forming a water-retaining and air-permeable layer with a slow-release function by adopting a composite matrix containing 60-65% of loess, 20-25% of bagasse biochar, 10-12% of vermiculite and 3-5% of sodium alginate-attapulgite clay composite water-retaining slow-release particles; 3) The method comprises the steps of managing in winter, sowing moxa seeds around host plants, inhibiting the survival of wintering adults of the gall mites, enabling the moxa to be sown in an amount of 50-80 g/m 2 , sowing in a period of 11 months to 12 months, covering bagasse charcoal particles with the particle size of less than or equal to 5mm after sowing, enabling the thickness to be 2-3 cm, enhancing soil moisture conservation, promoting germination of the moxa, and removing non-decomposed covers in the next 3 months.
  2. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the sodium alginate-attapulgite clay composite water retention and slow release particles in the step 2) are crosslinked in a mass ratio of 3:1, and are loaded with humic acid microcapsules, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: activating attapulgite clay by hydrochloric acid, and blending with sodium alginate solution by ultrasonic vibration; Adding humic acid microcapsule and CaCl 2 cross-linking agent, and extruding and granulating through micropores to form porous gel particles with the diameter of 2-3 mm; Vacuum drying is carried out at the temperature of not higher than 60 ℃ until the water content is less than or equal to 8%, so as to obtain the intelligent water-retaining particles with buffering and nitrogen-phosphorus controlled release functions.
  3. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the composite substrate is constructed in a vertical layered structure: The surface layer is formed by mixing a composite matrix and wormcast, and paving the mixture with the density of 1.2g/cm 3 ; the middle layer is that the composite matrix is embedded into a bamboo fiber grid, and the mixture of bagasse biochar and vermiculite is filled in the grid; the bottom layer is provided with a volcanic rock crushed particle drainage layer.
  4. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein a biological buffer isolation zone is arranged between the cymbopogon citratus and the Guangxi sweet tea planting zone, the wild chrysanthemum flower is planted as a local plant, the wild chrysanthemum flower is planted at intervals according to the proportion that 1 meter of wild chrysanthemum flower zone is configured for each 3 meter of cymbopogon citratus zone, and bagasse fermentation bacterial manure is applied to the root of the wild chrysanthemum flower zone, wherein the bacterial manure comprises a compound bacterial agent of trichoderma and azotobacter, and the effective viable count is not less than 5 multiplied by 10 8 CFU/g.
  5. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the composite substrate is subjected to in situ regeneration treatment in dry seasons each year, specifically comprising: mixing crushed waste sugarcane leaves and quicklime during ploughing; spraying molasses fermentation liquid to activate indigenous microbial communities; Covering with degradable fibrilia mulching film, and naturally decomposing after 60 days.
  6. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the ratio of chinaroot greenbrier trap plants to repelling plants is dynamically adjusted according to seasons: the proportion of the chinaroot greenbrier to the sweet tea is increased to 1:6, and the planting density of the purple perilla is reduced by 30 percent; in rainy season, the ratio of the chinaroot greenbrier to the sweet tea is reduced to 1:10, and the citronella grass belt is densified to 8 plants/m 2 ; The self-adaptive adjustment of the repellent strength is realized by inserting a slow-release rod containing cinnamaldehyde.
  7. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein embedding a bamboo tube micro-wetting system in the soil improvement layer comprises: The perforated bamboo tube is longitudinally embedded in the root zone of sweet tea; the bamboo tube is filled with water absorption forming a slow release core by the resin; the ceramic pipe gravity flow system is connected with the mountain top rain collecting pool and the bamboo tube, so that gradient utilization of rainwater is realized.

Description

Comprehensive control method for Guangxi sweet tea gall mites based on ecological regulation and control Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of sweet tea ecological planting, in particular to an ecological regulation-based comprehensive control method for Guangxi sweet tea gall mites. Background Guangxi sweet tea (Rubus chingivar. Suavissimus) is a special crop with important economic value and medicinal function, and is seriously threatened by goiter pests (such as sweet tea leaf goiter mites Phyllocoptes suavissimi) for a long time. Goiter is tiny in size and rapid in propagation, and is often hidden on the back of leaves to suck juice, so that the leaves curl, wither and even fall off, and the tea yield is reduced. The traditional prevention and treatment means mainly depend on chemical pesticides (such as abamectin, amitraz emulsifiable concentrate and the like), but the drug resistance of the goiter mites is obviously enhanced after long-term use, and the pesticide residues cause ecological pollution to destroy natural enemy populations (such as predatory mites, green lacewing and the like) in tea gardens. Although the biological control technology is popularized, the application of the technology is limited by the problems of short shelf life, poor environmental adaptability, high operation professional requirements and the like of predatory mites, and the technology is difficult to popularize in scattered small farmers. In recent years, ecological regulation and control technology becomes a research hot spot, the three-dimensional planting mode of tea-forest-grass-flower can promote biodiversity, but the targeted repellent effect on goiter mites is insufficient, the application of trapping plants (such as white rice trees and bougainvillea) is more remained in a single trapping function, and the synergistic layout of trapping plants is lacking. In addition, loess hillside soil in Guangxi karst landform areas is barren and poor in water retention, dry microenvironment suitable for gall mites is easily formed, and conventional soil improvement means (such as organic fertilizer application and straw covering) are difficult to realize dynamic humidity regulation and control. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide an ecological regulation-based comprehensive control method for the gall mites of Guangxi sweet tea, which solves the technical problems that the traditional pesticide causes the drug resistance and environmental pollution of the gall mites, the barren loess has poor water retention to form the environment suitable for the growth of the gall mites, and the single cultivation mode aggravates the risk of outbreak of diseases and insect pests. In order to achieve the purposes of the invention, the invention provides an ecological regulation-based comprehensive control method for Guangxi sweet tea gall mites, which comprises the following steps: 1) Constructing an mite-repellent and trapping composite interplanting system, planting lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) on the periphery to form an odor barrier, carrying out purple perilla (Perilla frutescens) in the middle, and planting Guangxi sweet tea and sugar oranges (Citrus reticulata 'Shiyue Ju') in the core area according to 1-meter intervals to form a composite diamond layout; 2) Carrying out soil microecology improvement, and forming a water-retaining and air-permeable layer with a slow-release function by adopting a composite matrix containing 60-65% of loess, 20-25% of bagasse biochar, 10-12% of vermiculite and 3-5% of sodium alginate-attapulgite clay composite water-retaining slow-release particles; 3) The method comprises the steps of managing in winter, sowing moxa seeds around host plants, inhibiting the survival of wintering adults of the gall mites, sowing the moxa seeds in an amount of 50-80 g/m < 2 >, sowing time of 11 months from the next ten days to the last 12 months, covering bagasse charcoal particles with the particle size of less than or equal to 5mm after sowing, and having the thickness of 2-3 cm, enhancing soil moisture conservation and promoting germination of the moxa, and removing the non-decomposed covering in the next 3 months. According to the invention, citronella contains citronella oil, wherein the citronella oil is rich in insect-repellent active ingredients such as citronellal, perilla contains rich perillaldehyde, limonene and the like as main insect-repellent active ingredients, sugar orange contains orange oil, and the insect-repellent active ingredient substances mainly comprise limonene and the like, and the content is up to 70%. These insect repellent active ingredients form volatiles that interfere with the host's localization and oviposition by odors. Different from the traditional single pesticide spraying, the scheme forms a three-dimensional repellent field by gradient release of insect repellent active ingredients through chemical sensing substances of the lemongr