CN-120325548-B - Macadimia nut kernel screening device and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of nut kernel screening, in particular to a macadimia nut kernel screening device and a macadimia nut kernel screening method, wherein the macadimia nut kernel screening device comprises a first conveyor belt, the first conveyor belt comprises an inclined conveying surface and a horizontal conveying surface, and a second conveyor belt is arranged right above the horizontal conveying surface in parallel; the first screening assembly is arranged on the inclined conveying surface and comprises a screening roller, screening claws are uniformly arranged on the screening roller and used for removing half kernels and crushed kernels, the second screening assembly is arranged on the second conveying belt and comprises side plates arranged on two sides of the second conveying belt, a plurality of screening plates with different heights are arranged between the two side plates and used for grading whole kernels, the first conveying belt is combined with the second conveying belt to cooperatively convey, the continuous operation of removing the half kernels and the crushed kernels and grading the whole kernels is realized, and the screening roller and grading screening plates form a solid screening system, so that the problem that the nut kernels repeatedly fall due to the traditional multi-layer screen is avoided, and the rate of crushed kernels is reduced.

Inventors

• MIAO FUJUN
• GUO GANGJUN
• WANG GAOSHENG
• XU TIAN

Assignees

• 云南省林业和草原科学院
• 云南省热带作物科学研究所

Dates

Publication Date

20260505

Application Date

20250618

Claims (2)

1. 1. The macadimia nut kernel screening device is characterized by comprising a first conveyor belt (1), wherein the first conveyor belt (1) comprises an inclined conveying surface (11) and a horizontal conveying surface (12), and a second conveyor belt (2) is arranged right above the horizontal conveying surface (12) in parallel; A first screening component (3) is arranged on the inclined conveying surface (11), the first screening component (3) comprises a screening roller (31), screening claws (32) are uniformly arranged on the screening roller (31), and the screening claws (32) are used for removing half kernels and broken kernels; A second screening assembly (4) is arranged on the second conveyor belt (2), the second screening assembly (4) comprises side plates (41) arranged on two sides of the second conveyor belt (2), a plurality of screening plates (42) with different heights are arranged between the two side plates (41), and the screening plates (42) are used for classifying whole kernels; Bearing seats (34) are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the inclined conveying surface (11), a screen roller (31) is arranged between the two bearing seats (34), the rotation direction of the screen roller (31) is consistent with the transmission direction of the first conveying belt (1), round baffle plates (35) are arranged on two sides of the screen roller (31) in a mode of adapting to the width of the first conveying belt (1), flow channels (36) are uniformly formed in the screen roller (31) between the baffle plates (35) on two sides, screen claws (32) are arranged on two sides of each flow channel (36) in a mode of extending along the radial direction of the screen roller (31), the distance between every two adjacent screen claws (32) is 12.5mm, and a plurality of rows of screen claws (32) are arranged on the screen roller (31) along the axial direction; The end part of the sieve claw (32) is bent towards the rotation direction of the sieve roller (31) by 120-160 DEG, a claw head (33) is arranged at the bending part, and the claw head (33) is made of silica gel; Barrier strips (37) are uniformly distributed on the first conveyor belt (1) in the vertical conveying direction, a plurality of arc-shaped barrier claws (38) are uniformly arranged on the barrier strips (37), gaps (39) are arranged between adjacent barrier claws (38), and the width of the gaps (39) is matched with the width of the claw heads (33); the vertical distance between the adjacent blocking strips (37) is equal to the arc length between the adjacent two rows of claw heads (33), and when the screen roller (31) rotates, each row of screen claws (32) sequentially pass through a gap (39) between the blocking claws (38); The second screening assembly (4) further comprises a receiving plate (43) arranged at the front end part of the second conveyor belt (2), a claw groove (44) for adapting to the screening claw (32) is formed in the receiving plate (43), an included angle between the receiving plate (43) and the second conveyor belt (2) is 150-170 degrees, a silica gel coating is arranged on the surface of the second conveyor belt (2), and the static friction coefficient of the silica gel coating is 0.5-0.8; Vertical side plates (41) are arranged on two sides of the receiving plate (43), three inclined screening plates (42) are sequentially arranged between the side plates (41), the vertical distance between the bottom edges of the three screening plates (42) and the second conveyor belt (2) is sequentially 20mm, 16mm and 12.5mm along the conveying direction, discharge holes (45) are respectively formed in the end side plates (41) of each screening plate (42) along the conveying direction, vertical auxiliary plates (46) are arranged on the side plates (41) and positioned on the conveying front sides of the discharge holes (45), the auxiliary plates (46) are vertically arranged relative to the screening plates (42), and a passage (47) is formed in the vertical feet of the auxiliary plates (46) and the screening plates (42); The included angle between the inclined conveying surface (11) and the horizontal conveying surface (12) is 135-150 degrees, the conveying front end of the inclined conveying surface (11) is provided with a feeding bin (5), an inclined guide plate (51) is arranged in the feeding bin (5), a strip-shaped feed inlet (52) is formed in the bottom of the guide plate (51) and the bottom of the feeding bin (5), and the width of the feed inlet (52) is 30mm.
2. 2. The macadimia nut kernel screening method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: S1, a feeding bin (5) receives a husking machine, the husking machine inputs nuts into the feeding bin (5), and the nuts move to an inclined conveying surface (11) through a guide plate (51) and a feed opening (52); S2, the nuts slide downwards under the gravity on the inclined conveying surface (11), the nuts are blocked by arc-shaped blocking claws (38) of blocking strips (37), when the blocking strips (37) move to the nearest distance of a screen roller (31) along with a first conveying belt (1), claw heads (33) of screen claws (32) penetrate through gaps (39) between the blocking claws (38), the claw heads (33) are used for picking whole nuts with the diameter of more than or equal to 12.5mm and a small number of half nuts with the diameter of more than or equal to 12.5mm, the bending angles of the claw heads (33) are used for avoiding the whole nuts from sliding down, and most half nuts and crushed kernels are conveyed continuously through the screen claws (32) and on the first conveying belt (1), so that recovery is completed; S3, rotating a screen roller (31), when a screen claw (32) rotates above a horizontal plane, rolling whole nuts and half nuts with the diameter of more than or equal to 12.5mm along two adjacent screen claws (32), sliding off a gap (39) of the screen claw (32) and entering a first conveyor belt (1) when the whole nuts with the diameter of more than or equal to 12.5mm slide into a runner (36) on the screen roller (31), and along with the rotation of the screen roller (31), rolling the whole nuts in the runner (36) forwards, preventing the front screen claw (32) from falling off, and when the front screen claw (32) rotates below the horizontal plane, rolling the whole nuts along the front two adjacent screen claws (32) onto a bearing plate (43), wherein the bending angle of a claw head (33) plays a role in guiding; S4, rolling whole kernels with the diameter of more than or equal to 12.5mm into a second conveyor belt (2) through a receiving plate (43), wherein a silica gel coating is arranged on the surface of the second conveyor belt (2) to prevent the whole kernels from rolling, and the whole kernels move along with the second conveyor belt (2); S5, screening extra large whole kernels with the diameter of more than or equal to 20mm, wherein the whole kernels pass through a first screening plate (42), the vertical distance from the bottom edge of the first screening plate (42) to a second conveyor belt (2) is 20mm, the whole kernels with the diameter of more than or equal to 12.5mm are blocked by the first screening plate (42), and move to a corresponding discharge hole (45) along the screening plate (42) under the traction action of the second conveyor belt (2), so that the screening of the extra large whole kernels with the diameter of more than or equal to 20mm is completed, an auxiliary plate (46) prevents whole kernels with the diameter of less than 20mm from entering the discharge hole (45) beside the first screening plate (42), and when whole kernels with the diameter of less than 20mm at the side edge of the second conveyor belt (2) touch the auxiliary plate (46), the whole kernels with the diameter of less than 20mm are far away from the discharge hole (45) along the auxiliary plate (46) under the conveying action of the second conveyor belt (2); S6, screening whole kernels with diameters of <20mm and more than or equal to 16mm, wherein the whole kernels with diameters of <20mm and more than or equal to 12.5mm move along a second conveying belt (2), the vertical distance from the bottom edge of the second screening plate (42) to the second conveying belt (2) is 16mm, the whole kernels with diameters of <20mm and more than or equal to 16mm are blocked by the second screening plate (42), and move to corresponding discharge holes (45) along the screening plate (42) under the traction action of the second conveying belt (2), screening of whole kernels with diameters of <20mm and more than or equal to 16mm is completed, the auxiliary plate (46) prevents whole kernels with diameters of <16mm from entering the discharge holes (45) beside the second screening plate (42), and when the whole kernels with diameters of <16mm on the side edge of the second conveying belt (2) touch the auxiliary plate (46), the whole kernels with diameters of <16mm are far away from the discharge holes (45) along the auxiliary plate (46) under the conveying action of the second conveying belt (2); S7, screening small whole kernels with the diameters of <16mm and more than or equal to 12.5mm, wherein the whole kernels with the diameters of <16mm and more than or equal to 12.5mm move along the second conveyor belt (2), pass through a third screening plate (42), the vertical distance from the bottom edge of the third screening plate (42) to the second conveyor belt (2) is 12.5mm, the whole kernels with the diameters of <16mm and more than or equal to 12.5mm are blocked by the third screening plate (42), and move to corresponding discharge holes (45) along the screening plate (42) under the traction action of the second conveyor belt (2), so that screening of the small whole kernels with the diameters of <16mm and more than or equal to 12.5mm is completed.

Description

Macadimia nut kernel screening device and method Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of nut kernel screening, in particular to a macadimia nut kernel screening device and method. Background The macadamia nut, also called hawaii nut, has the diameter of about 12.5-25 mm, is special equipment for classifying nuts and removing broken nuts and half nuts in the processing process, and has the core purposes of realizing efficient classification of the nuts by mechanical means, wherein the classification of the whole nuts is generally divided into an extra large whole kernel, a whole kernel and a small whole kernel, and the diameter of the whole kernel of the small whole kernel is more than or equal to 16mm according to the requirements of agricultural standards of the Ministry of agricultural of the people's republic of China, namely NY/T693-2020 for the specification index of the level of the macadamia nut, namely, the diameter of the whole kernel of the extra large whole kernel is more than or equal to 20mm, and the diameter of the whole kernel of the small whole kernel is more than or equal to 12.5mm. The nuts are produced from the sheller, mixed with whole nuts, half nuts and crushed nuts and conveyed to a nut screening device for screening, the screening device is usually layered by adopting a plurality of layers of screens, the screen holes of each layer of screens are different in size, the nuts are distinguished by the screen holes, and the half nuts and the whole nuts with the same specification are equal in diameter, and the screen holes with the same size are separated only through the screen holes with the fixed size, so that the screen hole parameters cannot be dynamically adjusted, the half nuts and the whole nuts cannot be effectively screened, the sorting efficiency of the half nuts and the whole nuts is low, the adaptability is poor, the screen holes are easy to block in the screening process, in addition, the existing screening device adopts a multi-layer screen structure, and the nuts are easy to be impacted and damaged due to the height difference when falling among different screen layers, so that the crushed nuts are high in rate. Accordingly, the present application provides a screening device and a screening method for macadamia nuts, which solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a screening device and a screening method for macadimia nuts, which solve the problems that the existing screening device for nuts is poor in applicability, semi-nuts and crushed nuts cannot be removed in a flow mode, whole nuts are classified, the nuts are easy to impact and damage due to the height difference when falling between different screening layers, the crushed nuts are high in rate and the like. In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a macadimia nut kernel screening device, which comprises a first conveyor belt, wherein the first conveyor belt comprises an inclined conveying surface and a horizontal conveying surface, and a second conveyor belt is arranged right above the horizontal conveying surface in parallel; the inclined conveying surface is provided with a first screening assembly, the first screening assembly comprises a screening roller, screening claws are uniformly distributed on the screening roller and used for removing half kernels and broken kernels; The second screening assembly is arranged on the second conveyor belt and comprises side plates arranged on two sides of the second conveyor belt, and a plurality of screening plates with different heights are arranged between the two side plates and used for classifying whole kernels. The technical scheme of the invention is further improved in that bearing seats are symmetrically arranged on two sides of an inclined conveying surface, a screen roller is arranged between the two bearing seats, the rotation direction of the screen roller is consistent with the transmission direction of a first conveying belt, round baffle plates are arranged on two sides of the screen roller and are matched with the width of the first conveying belt, flow channels are uniformly formed on the screen roller between the baffle plates on two sides, each flow channel is provided with screen claws along the radial extension of the screen roller on two sides, the distance between every two adjacent screen claws is 12.5mm, and a plurality of rows of screen claws are arranged on the screen roller along the axial direction. The technical scheme of the invention is further improved in that the end part of the sieve claw is bent towards the rotation direction of the sieve roller by 120-160 degrees, and the bent part is provided with a claw head which is made of silica gel. The technical scheme of the invention is further improved in that the included angle between the inclined conveying surface and the horizontal conveying surface is 135-150 degrees. The t