CN-120482110-B - Nondestructive testing method and device for ultrasonic guided waves of railway switch rail

CN120482110BCN 120482110 BCN120482110 BCN 120482110BCN-120482110-B

Abstract

The invention discloses a nondestructive testing method and device for ultrasonic guided waves of a railway switch rail, which relate to the technical field of nondestructive testing of the switch rail and are characterized in that an anomaly analysis judging module is used for comparing and judging obtained real-time differential signals, if no anomaly exists, detection data are stored in a detection data base, if the anomaly exists, judging results are sent to an early warning and reminding module, meanwhile, the detection data are sent to an anomaly feedback and verification model, the differential signals are predicted by the anomaly feedback and verification model, the predicted differential signals are obtained, the comparison and the real-time differential signals are compared and analyzed, if the comparison is consistent, the comparison results are sent to an early warning and reminding module, and when instructions of the anomaly analysis judging module and the differential signal analysis module are received, the early warning and reminding module is used for carrying out switch rail anomaly early warning.

Inventors

LIU NINA
ZENG QINGHUA
WANG PING
ZHENG ZIYI
LIU YONG
LI FANGDONG

Assignees

南京航空航天大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20250521

Claims (7)

1. A nondestructive testing method for ultrasonic guided waves of a railway switch rail is characterized in that a real-time data detection module is used for collecting various information data of the switch rail, and a plurality of ultrasonic guided wave transducer groups which are symmetrically arranged are used for collecting real-time signals; calculating real-time signals acquired by the ultrasonic guided wave transducer groups by utilizing a differential signal calculation module to obtain a plurality of real-time differential signals; Comparing and judging the obtained real-time differential signals by using an anomaly analysis judging module, determining whether anomalies exist, and if the anomalies do not exist, packaging and storing various information data acquired by a real-time data detecting module and real-time signals acquired by an ultrasonic guided wave transducer group into a detection data database; the historical detection data in the detection data database is called through a historical data calling unit and sent to the differential signal analysis module; The differential signal analysis module trains the model according to the extracted historical detection data to obtain an abnormal feedback verification model; if the abnormality analysis judging module determines that the real-time differential signal is abnormal, sending a judging result to the early warning reminding module, simultaneously sending all information data acquired by real-time detection data and the real-time differential signal to an abnormality feedback verification model, predicting all information data by using the abnormality feedback verification model as input characteristics to obtain a predicted differential signal, comparing and analyzing the predicted differential signal with the real-time differential signal, and if the comparison is consistent, sending a comparison result to the early warning reminding module; the early warning reminding module carries out early warning reminding of the abnormal detection of the switch rail when receiving the instructions of the abnormality analysis judging module and the differential signal analysis module; The differential signal analysis module comprises a historical data processing unit and a verification model training unit, wherein the historical data processing unit is used for processing the historical detection data acquired by the historical data acquisition unit to obtain a training data set and a test data set; Dividing data in a training data set and a test data set into input data and output data according to input and output characteristics, preprocessing the input data and the output data, and defining a loss function L; The verification model training unit trains the verification model by using a training data set, adds a defined loss function L, and performs data testing on the trained verification model by using a testing data set to finally obtain an abnormal feedback verification model.
2. The method for ultrasonic guided wave nondestructive testing of a railway switch rail according to claim 1, wherein the real-time differential signals are obtained by calculation of real-time signals appearing in pairs through a differential signal calculation module Wherein i represents an i-th group of ultrasonic guided wave transducers to obtain a set of real-time differential signals Wherein n represents a total of n groups of ultrasonic guided wave transducers, generating n real-time differential signals; Setting a real-time differential signal threshold value through the abnormality analysis judging module In the real-time differential signal set, if the real-time differential signal exists Greater than or equal to the real-time differential signal threshold Judging that the switch rail is abnormal, sending an abnormal result to an early warning and reminding module, and sending a real-time differential signal with the abnormality to the early warning and reminding module And transmitting the corresponding various information data to the differential signal analysis module.
3. The method for non-destructive testing of an ultrasonic guided wave of a railway switch rail according to claim 2, wherein the method is characterized in that corresponding information data is input into an abnormal feedback verification model as input characteristics, and is predicted by the abnormal feedback verification model to obtain a predicted differential signal Wherein i represents a predicted differential signal corresponding to the i-th group of ultrasonic guided wave transducers; the differential signal analysis module also comprises a difference value calculation unit and a result judgment unit, which are used for real-time differential signals Differential signal with prediction Difference of differential signals between The result judging unit is used for calculating the difference value of the differential signals And comparing and judging with the set threshold, if the set threshold is not exceeded, sending the judging result to the early warning reminding module, and if the set threshold is exceeded, verifying the predicting result of the abnormal feedback verification model again.
4. The ultrasonic guided wave nondestructive testing method of a railway switch rail according to claim 3, wherein the re-verification of the predicted result of the abnormal feedback verification model comprises the following steps: S101, collecting real-time differential signals In the case of real-time differential signals Less than a real-time differential signal threshold The data packet of the data packet is called, the data packet comprises various information data, and the real-time differential signal is obtained Redefined as real-time validation differential signal ; S102, inputting various information data in the data packet called in the step S101 as input characteristics into an abnormal feedback verification model, and outputting a prediction verification differential signal by using the abnormal feedback verification model ; S103, verifying the prediction differential signal Validating differential signals in real time with a retrieved data packet Comparing; S104, judging the comparison result in the step S103, if the comparison result is consistent, indicating that the prediction result of the abnormal feedback verification model is normal, and not sending the judgment result of the result judgment unit to the early warning reminding module, wherein the early warning reminding module does not carry out early warning reminding because the instruction of the differential signal analysis module is not received, if the comparison result is inconsistent, indicating that the prediction result of the abnormal feedback verification model is abnormal, the prediction result of the abnormal feedback verification model is not credible, and the differential signal analysis module sends the instruction to the early warning reminding module, and the early warning reminding module receives the instructions of the differential signal analysis module and the abnormal analysis judgment module and carries out early warning reminding.
5. A method for ultrasonic guided wave nondestructive testing of a railway point rail according to any of the claims 1-4 wherein the information data comprises at least electromagnetic noise data, mechanical vibration data and real time temperature data of the point rail.
6. A nondestructive testing method for ultrasonic guided waves of a railway switch rail according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the ultrasonic guided wave transducer is a piezoelectric transducer.
7. A detection device for performing the nondestructive detection method of ultrasonic guided wave of a railway point rail according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the detection device comprises a tensioning bracket, a probe moving seat, a probe and an analysis system; The tensioning support is symmetrically arranged on two sides of a switch rail, the tensioning support is provided with a probe moving seat, a probe is arranged on the probe moving seat, the probe moving seat is used for adjusting the position of the probe, and an ultrasonic guided wave transducer is integrated in the probe; the detection device also comprises an excitation module, a detection module and a detection module, wherein the excitation module is connected with the ultrasonic guided wave transducer and is used for generating an ultrasonic guided wave signal; The analysis system is used for intelligently analyzing the information data acquired by the detection module.

Description

Nondestructive testing method and device for ultrasonic guided waves of railway switch rail Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of nondestructive testing of railway switch rails, in particular to an ultrasonic guided wave nondestructive testing method and device for a railway switch rail. Background The railway switch rail is a core component of the railway switch and is responsible for guiding a train wheel pair to turn from one track to the other track, and the state of the railway switch rail directly relates to the running safety of a train and the service life of a track system, so that the railway switch rail is particularly important for detecting the structural health of the railway switch rail; in the prior art, chinese patent (CN 118731164A) discloses a system, a method and a device for detecting a switch tongue crack, and particularly discloses a method for detecting the internal defect of a railway switch tongue by utilizing an ultrasonic guided wave detection technology, monitoring real-time temperature data through a temperature sensor, setting a temperature interval, comparing a real-time differential signal with reference differential signals of different temperature intervals according to different real-time temperature data, and judging whether the real-time differential signal is abnormal or not so as to realize nondestructive detection of the internal defect of the railway switch tongue; However, in the above disclosed technology, when the ultrasonic guided wave detection technology is used for nondestructive detection of the railway switch rail, although the real-time differential signal is used as a standard for detecting and judging the internal defects of the switch rail, the influence of other factors on the judging result can be reduced, but under the condition that the influence factors of the railway system are numerous and the judgment is not accurate enough through the temperature interval, the phenomenon of misjudgment of defect detection still exists, and the normal operation of the railway system is affected in serious cases; therefore, an intelligent, comprehensive and automatic railway switch rail ultrasonic guided wave nondestructive testing method and an intelligent, comprehensive and automatic railway switch rail ultrasonic guided wave nondestructive testing device are urgently needed to solve the technical problems. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a nondestructive testing method and device for ultrasonic guided waves of a railway switch rail, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art. In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides the technical scheme that the ultrasonic guided wave nondestructive testing method for the railway switch rail comprises the steps of collecting various information data of the switch rail by utilizing a real-time data detection module, and collecting real-time signals by utilizing a plurality of ultrasonic guided wave transducer groups which are symmetrically arranged; calculating real-time signals acquired by the ultrasonic guided wave transducer groups by utilizing a differential signal calculation module to obtain a plurality of real-time differential signals; Comparing and judging the obtained real-time differential signals by using an anomaly analysis judging module, determining whether anomalies exist, and if the anomalies do not exist, packaging and storing various information data acquired by a real-time data detecting module and real-time signals acquired by an ultrasonic guided wave transducer group into a detection data database; the historical detection data in the detection data database is called through a historical data calling unit and sent to the differential signal analysis module; The differential signal analysis module trains the model according to the extracted historical detection data to obtain an abnormal feedback verification model; if the abnormality analysis judging module determines that the real-time differential signal is abnormal, sending a judging result to the early warning reminding module, simultaneously sending all information data acquired by real-time detection data and the real-time differential signal to an abnormality feedback verification model, predicting all information data by using the abnormality feedback verification model as input characteristics to obtain a predicted differential signal, comparing and analyzing the predicted differential signal with the real-time differential signal, and if the comparison is consistent, sending a comparison result to the early warning reminding module; And the early warning reminding module carries out early warning reminding of the abnormal detection of the switch rail when receiving the instructions of the abnormality analysis judging module and the differential signal analysis module. According to the technical scheme, the differential signal analysis module comprises a historical data pro