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CN-120583124-B - Novel photovoltaic optimizer based on PLC communication

CN120583124BCN 120583124 BCN120583124 BCN 120583124BCN-120583124-B

Abstract

The invention discloses a novel photovoltaic optimizer based on PLC communication, which comprises a hardware module, a control module, a communication module and a service module, wherein the hardware module is used for constructing a system material foundation and realizing electric energy conversion, signal coupling and equipment protection, the control module is used for realizing intelligent power regulation and communication control, the power generation efficiency is improved and the communication stability is ensured through a multi-mode algorithm, and the communication module is used for constructing a power line carrier communication system. The invention adopts a special PLC architecture for direct current low-voltage environment, can design a communication frequency band and an impedance matching scheme aiming at the characteristics of a photovoltaic direct current side, is distinguished from the technical field of alternating current power grid PLC patent formation, can break through the limitation of a single algorithm in a dynamic environment by combining a local gradient prediction and a distributed cooperative algorithm through the dynamic switching of a dual-mode MPPT, can be adaptively adjusted through a magnetic ring filter and a capacitor array by matching with a passive impedance compensation technology, does not need an additional power supply module, and reduces the hardware complexity.

Inventors

  • LIU WEIFA
  • YANG YONGSHUAI
  • GONG YUHE

Assignees

  • 意美旭智芯能源科技有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20250711

Claims (9)

  1. 1. The novel photovoltaic optimizer based on PLC communication is characterized by comprising a hardware module (1), a control module (2), a communication module (3) and a service module (4), wherein the hardware module (1) is used for constructing a system material foundation to realize electric energy conversion, signal coupling and equipment protection, the control module (2) is used for realizing intelligent power regulation and communication control, the power generation efficiency is improved and the communication stability is ensured through a multi-mode algorithm, the communication module (3) is used for constructing a power line carrier communication system, and the service module (4) is used for providing multi-terminal interaction and data service; The hardware module (1) comprises a magnetic module (13), wherein the magnetic module (13) comprises a high-frequency ferrite inductor and a multilayer ceramic capacitor and is used for inhibiting current/voltage ripples in the power conversion process; The control module (2) comprises a core control module (21) and a distributed coordination module (23), the core control module (21) comprises an illumination stabilization algorithm, a mutation scene algorithm, a straight-through compensation unit and temperature compensation, the illumination stabilization algorithm adopts an improved disturbance observation method, a gradient prediction factor alpha is dynamically adjusted, alpha=0.3+/-0.1, the mutation scene algorithm adopts distributed model prediction control, adjacent node data are collected every 50ms, a global optimal working point is predicted, the straight-through compensation unit adopts a double-closed loop anti-interference algorithm, an inner loop compensates modulation signal fluctuation, an outer loop fast flyback IV curve is provided, the period is 20ms, and the temperature compensation adopts the formula: wherein T represents the real-time temperature of the photovoltaic module, Represents the maximum output power of the photovoltaic module after temperature compensation, The distributed cooperative module (23) comprises an ad hoc network protocol unit, a consistency algorithm unit and a fault conclusion unit, wherein the ad hoc network protocol unit is used for self-organizing cooperative work of multiple optimizers, the ad hoc network protocol unit is matched with a time slot allocation algorithm by using a spread spectrum handshake signal to support conflict-free access of multiple devices, the consistency algorithm unit is used for realizing distributed consistency algorithm, current/voltage data are synchronously combined every 100ms, the fault conclusion unit is used for bypassing fault nodes within 50ms, and the communication recovery time is less than 100ms.
  2. 2. The novel photovoltaic optimizer based on PLC communication according to claim 1, wherein the hardware module (1) further comprises a power conversion module (11), a switching tube driving module (12), an overvoltage protection module (14), a sensor acquisition module (15), a power management module (16), a data concentration module (17), a signal modulation module (18) and an over-temperature protection module (19).
  3. 3. The novel photovoltaic optimizer based on PLC communication according to claim 2, wherein the power conversion module (11) is used for converting direct current output by the photovoltaic module into direct current suitable for grid connection or energy storage, hardware multiplexing of power conversion and signal modulation is achieved by adopting an improved two-switch parallel Buck topology, ripple is reduced, high-frequency modulation is supported, and the switching tube driving module (12) is used for providing independent driving signals for two silicon carbide MOSFETs, controlling on/off time sequences of the two silicon carbide MOSFETs, reducing switching loss and amplifying modulation signals through a driving loop.
  4. 4. The novel photovoltaic optimizer based on PLC communication according to claim 2, wherein the overvoltage protection module (14) is used for protecting the optimizer from surge voltage on the input side, a TVS tube array is adopted, the surge capacity is released when the voltage exceeds a threshold value, the over-temperature protection module (19) is used for preventing short circuit or overload faults on the output side, a fast fuse is adopted, the over-temperature protection module fuses within 5 mu s when the circuit is abnormal, fault current is cut off, MOSFET and inductance of the power conversion unit are protected, the signal modulation module (18) is used for superposing control instructions and communication signals, the signals are input to the output end of the PI controller through coupling resistors, and the coupling transmission of the signals to a direct current bus is realized through the action of a switching tube.
  5. 5. The novel photovoltaic optimizer based on PLC communication according to claim 2, wherein the sensor acquisition module (15) is used for monitoring the state of the photovoltaic module in real time, a voltage sensor is used for acquiring input voltage, a current sensor is used for acquiring output circuit, a temperature sensor is used for monitoring module temperature, compensation basis is provided for MPPT, the power management module (16) is used for supplying power to the internal circuit of the bit optimizer, the data concentration module (17) is used for grouping cascade communication hubs, an ARMCortex-M3 processor is used for demodulating signals and converting protocols, the LC band-pass filter is used for extracting communication signals, and a Wifi/4g interface is used for uploading data to the cloud.
  6. 6. The novel photovoltaic optimizer based on PLC communication according to claim 1, wherein the control module (2) further comprises a complex modulation control module (22), a parameter configuration module (24), a fault diagnosis module (25) and a safety protection module (26).
  7. 7. The novel photovoltaic optimizer based on PLC communication according to claim 6, wherein the composite modulation control module (22) adopts dynamic adjustment modulation depth, a Kalman filter is combined by a coherent demodulation algorithm, noise suppression capability is improved, error rate is reduced, a hardware filter is combined with a software trap, frequency bands of 0-1kHz, 5-10kHz and more than 60kHz are isolated, a parameter configuration module (24) sets local configuration parameters through debugging equipment or a gateway, an OTA upgrading module is equipped, configuration updating is completed within 5s after the cloud platform issues parameters, a fault diagnosis module (25) adopts I-V curve slope mutation detection, hot spot faults are positioned, and early warning components are aged through maximum power point voltage long-term trend analysis.
  8. 8. The novel photovoltaic optimizer based on PLC communication according to claim 1, wherein the communication module (3) comprises a composite modulation module (31), an anti-interference module (32) and an ad hoc network synchronization module (33), the composite modulation module (31) adopts QDPSK modulators, a coherent demodulator and a framing/de-framing module to be used together to decode and encode signals and process frames of the data, the anti-interference module (32) adopts a two-stage filter circuit combining common-mode inductance and LC band-pass to enable a noise suppression ratio to be more than 40dB, FFT spectrum analysis and adaptive prefabrication adjustment are adopted to suppress inverter switching noise and PI control noise, CRC-16 check codes are matched, check bits are added to each frame of data, error correction capacity is improved by 50%, the ad hoc network synchronization module (33) adopts a dynamic time slot algorithm based on signal intensity to avoid multi-equipment communication collision, a master-slave synchronization mechanism is adopted, a data concentrator is used as a master node, and a synchronization signal is broadcasted according to a time interval set by the master node.
  9. 9. The novel photovoltaic optimizer based on PLC communication according to claim 8, wherein the service module (4) comprises a monitoring module (41), an interaction module (42) and a data encryption module (43), the monitoring module (41) is used for remotely checking the system state, dynamically displaying component parameters for 24 hours, analyzing generating capacity trend, loss source and equipment life prediction by adopting a machine learning model, automatically generating fault solitary, recording fault codes, generating time and positioning information, the interaction module (42) adopts a capacitive screen, displaying a system topological graph, real-time waveforms and a history curve, controlling by adopting a case and touch mode, and the data encryption module (43) adopts an AES-128 encryption algorithm to protect communication data safety.

Description

Novel photovoltaic optimizer based on PLC communication Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic optimizers, in particular to a novel photovoltaic optimizer based on PLC communication. Background The photovoltaic power optimizer adopts a unique software algorithm, the maximum power point of the single block component can be tracked in real time, and a user can select different types of power optimizers according to the actual running condition of the photovoltaic system, so that the problem of reduced power generation capacity of the photovoltaic system caused by shadow shielding, component orientation difference or component attenuation inconsistency is solved, the maximum power output and online monitoring of the single block component are realized, and the system efficiency is improved. In the prior art, the photovoltaic optimizer mostly adopts wireless communication or wired communication, and has the following defects: The wireless communication is easy to be interfered by environment, the signal stability is poor, the wire communication needs additional wiring, the complexity and the cost of a system are increased, the communication protocol of the traditional optimizer is complex, the quick networking and the plug-and-play are difficult to realize, the wooden barrel effect in the photovoltaic string is caused by shadow shielding, component aging and other reasons, and the traditional optimizer is difficult to dynamically coordinate the working points of all components. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a novel photovoltaic optimizer based on PLC communication, which aims to solve the problems that wireless communication is easy to be interfered by environment and has poor signal stability, wire communication needs additional wiring, system complexity and cost are increased, an existing optimizer is complex in communication protocol, quick networking and plug-and-play are difficult to realize, a barrel effect is caused in a photovoltaic string due to shadow shielding, component aging and the like, and a traditional optimizer is difficult to dynamically coordinate working points of components. In order to achieve the aim, the novel photovoltaic optimizer based on PLC communication comprises a hardware module, a control module, a communication module and a service module, wherein the hardware module is used for constructing a system material foundation and realizing electric energy conversion, signal coupling and equipment protection, the control module is used for realizing intelligent power regulation and communication control, the power generation efficiency is improved and the communication stability is ensured through a multi-mode algorithm, the communication module is used for constructing a power line carrier communication system, and the service module is used for providing multi-terminal interaction and data service; The hardware module comprises a magnetic module, wherein the magnetic module comprises a high-frequency ferrite inductor and a multilayer ceramic capacitor and is used for inhibiting current/voltage ripples in the power conversion process; The control module comprises a core control module and a distributed coordination module, wherein the core control module comprises an illumination stabilization algorithm, a mutation scene algorithm, a straight-through compensation unit and temperature compensation, the illumination stabilization algorithm adopts an improved disturbance observation method, a gradient prediction factor alpha is dynamically adjusted, alpha=0.3+/-0.1, the mutation scene algorithm adopts distributed model prediction control, adjacent node data is collected every 50ms, a global optimal working point is predicted, the straight-through compensation unit adopts a double-closed loop anti-interference algorithm, an inner loop compensates modulation signal fluctuation, an outer loop rapidly retraces an IV curve, the period is 20ms, and the temperature compensation adopts the formula: wherein T represents the real-time temperature of the photovoltaic module, Represents the maximum output power of the photovoltaic module after temperature compensation,The distributed cooperative module comprises an ad hoc network protocol unit, a consistency algorithm unit and a fault conclusion unit, wherein the ad hoc network protocol unit is used for self-organizing cooperative work of multiple optimizers, the ad hoc network protocol unit is matched with a time slot allocation algorithm by using a spread spectrum handshake signal to support collision-free access of multiple devices, the consistency algorithm unit is used for synchronizing serial current/voltage data every 100ms by using the distributed consistency algorithm, the fault conclusion unit is used for bypassing fault nodes within 50ms by using a signal routing reconstruction algorithm, and the communication recovery time is less than 100ms. Preferably, the hardware module