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CN-120794787-B - Soil restoration and crop quality improvement yield increase composite material and preparation method and application thereof

CN120794787BCN 120794787 BCN120794787 BCN 120794787BCN-120794787-B

Abstract

The invention discloses a soil remediation and crop quality improvement and yield increase composite material and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of soil fertilizers, wherein the composite material comprises 93-99.2% of magnesium and aluminum by mass and trace components, wherein the trace components comprise 0.5-1.5% of calcium, 0-1.0% of iron, 0.05-0.5% of copper, 0-1.0% of zinc, 0.05-0.4% of boron, 0.05-0.5% of lanthanum, 0.05-0.1% of molybdenum, 0-1.0% of manganese and 0.1-1.0% of silicon by mass. The composite material is hydrolyzed in soil to generate the magnesium-aluminum intercalation two-dimensional nano functional material in situ, regulates and controls the oxidation-reduction potential of the soil, supplements trace elements, inhibits the acidification and salinization of the soil, enriches the diversity of microorganisms, enhances the stress resistance, drought resistance and disease and pest resistance of plants, and realizes the hyperstable mineralization of heavy metals, the degradation of agricultural chemical residues and the quality improvement and yield increase of crops.

Inventors

  • YANG XIAOJIN
  • HE XIAO
  • XU ZIHAN

Assignees

  • 北京化工大学

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20250723

Claims (10)

  1. 1. A composite material for soil remediation and crop quality improvement and yield increase is characterized by comprising 93-99.2% of magnesium and aluminum in mass fraction, wherein the mass ratio of magnesium to aluminum is 1:1-6:1, 0.8-7% of trace components, and one or more of calcium, iron, copper, zinc, boron, lanthanum, molybdenum, manganese and silicon, wherein the alloy phase of the composite material is beta-Mg 17Al12.
  2. 2. The soil remediation and crop improvement stimulation composite of claim 1 wherein the trace elements are 0.5% -1.5% calcium, 0% -1.0% iron, 0.05% -0.5% copper, 0% -1.0% zinc, 0.05% -0.4% boron, 0.05% -0.5% lanthanum, 0.05% -0.1% molybdenum, 0% -1.0% manganese, 0.1% -1.0% silicon, respectively.
  3. 3. The composite material for soil remediation and crop improvement according to claim 1 wherein the magnesium is derived from magnesium ingots or magnesium powder having a purity of not less than 99.95%, the aluminum is derived from aluminum ingots or aluminum powder having a purity of not less than 99.95%, and the trace elements of calcium, iron, copper, zinc, boron, lanthanum, molybdenum, manganese, and silicon are derived from calcium powder, iron powder, copper powder, zinc powder, boron powder, lanthanum powder, molybdenum powder, manganese powder, and silicon powder having a purity of not less than 99.9%, respectively.
  4. 4. The method for preparing the soil remediation and crop quality improvement yield increasing composite material according to any one of claims 1-3, which is characterized in that magnesium, aluminum and trace components are mixed according to mass proportion, a composite material is prepared by adopting a melt atomization method or a mechanical ball milling method or a method of first melt atomization and then mechanical ball milling, the obtained composite material alloy phase is beta-Mg 17Al12, the alloy prepared by the melt atomization method is in a regular sphere shape, the surface is smooth and compact, the particle size of the material is 0.01-2mm, the composite material prepared by the mechanical ball milling method is in an irregular flaky or blocky particle shape, the surface is rough, the particle size of the material is 0.05-2mm, the composite material prepared by first melt atomization and then mechanical ball milling is a spherical matrix, nano-scale fine particles are attached on the composite material, and the particle size of the material is 0.01-2mm.
  5. 5. The method for preparing the soil remediation and crop improvement yield-increasing composite material of claim 4 wherein the method comprises the steps of: s1, mixing a magnesium ingot and an aluminum ingot according to a mass ratio, loading the mixture into a vacuum induction smelting furnace under the protection of argon, heating to 780-820 ℃ with a gradient of 3-8 ℃ per minute, smelting for 40-90 minutes, then cooling to 720-780 ℃ with a temperature of 1-3 ℃ per minute, then preserving heat, and applying a pulse magnetic field with a frequency of 30-40Hz and a strength of 0.05-0.2T for stirring; S2, atomizing by adopting a double-layer atomizing disc with the upper layer diameter of 150-180mm and the lower layer diameter of 200-220mm under the protection of a nitrogen-argon mixed atmosphere, controlling the rotating speed of the upper layer of 18000-20000r/min and the rotating speed of the lower layer of 12000-15000r/min, and obtaining matrix particles with the particle size of 0.2-1.5mm under the atomizing pressure of 0.4-0.6MPa, wherein the volume ratio of nitrogen to argon in the nitrogen-argon mixed atmosphere is 1:3; S3, mixing the atomized particles with the trace component powder according to the mass ratio, and filling the mixture into a ball milling tank with a temperature control function; S4, adopting a two-stage ball milling process, wherein 3mm alumina ceramic beads and 6mm tungsten carbide beads are used in the first stage according to a mass ratio of 2:1, a ball-material ratio of 8:1, ball milling is carried out for 0.5-1 hour at a rotating speed of 280-320r/min, the temperature is controlled at 15-25 ℃, 5mm zirconia ceramic beads are used in the second stage, the ball-material ratio of 5:1, ball milling is carried out for 2-3 hours at a rotating speed of 180-220r/min, and the temperature is controlled at 30-40 ℃; S5, precisely controlling the particle size distribution of the final product within the range of 0.01-2mm by adopting a mode of combining airflow classification and vibration screening after ball milling, wherein the particle size distribution of the final product is 8-12% by 0.01-0.1mm, 65-75% by 0.1-1mm and 15-25% by 1-2 mm.
  6. 6. The method for preparing a composite material for soil remediation and crop improvement and yield increase according to claim 4, wherein the composite material is prepared by a melt atomization method, and comprises the following steps: S1, mixing magnesium ingots, aluminum ingots and trace component powder according to mass proportion, loading into a vacuum induction smelting furnace under the protection of argon, heating to 800 ℃ at 5-10 ℃ per minute, smelting for 25-110 minutes, cooling to 750 ℃ at 2-5 ℃ per minute, preserving heat, and simultaneously applying an alternating magnetic field with the frequency of 50Hz and the intensity of 0.1-0.3T and stirring for 10 minutes; S2, atomizing by adopting atomizing equipment with the diameter of an atomizing disk of 190-200mm and the rotating speed of 15000-18000r/min under the protection of argon atmosphere, controlling the particle size distribution by adjusting the atomizing pressure and the gas flow, wherein an atomizing tank of the atomizing equipment needs to control the temperature of the atomizing tank to be below 30 ℃ through an ammonia refrigerating system, and obtaining spherical magnesium-aluminum alloy composite particles with the particle size of 0.01-2 mm; s3, treating the obtained granular material in microwave plasma for 5-10 minutes to perform surface activation.
  7. 7. The method for preparing the soil remediation and crop improvement yield increase composite of claim 4 wherein the method comprises the steps of: s1, mixing magnesium powder, aluminum powder and trace component powder according to mass proportion, and filling the mixture into a vacuum ball milling tank; S2, adopting a mixed ball milling medium of 10mm zirconia ceramic beads and 15mm hard alloy beads, introducing inert gas for protection according to the mass ratio of 1:1 and the ball-to-material ratio of 8:1, and adding 0.5-1wt% of stearic acid as a process control agent; S3, adopting a two-stage ball milling process, wherein the first stage ball milling is carried out for 2 hours at 400r/min for coarse crushing, the second stage ball milling is carried out for 4 hours at 200r/min for fine alloying, and finally the composite particles with the particle size of 0.05-2mm are obtained.
  8. 8. Use of a composite material according to any one of claims 1-3 for soil remediation and crop improvement, wherein the composite material is applied to the soil by rotary tillage at a rate of 20-200 kg/mu and a rotary tillage depth of 10-30cm, wherein the composite material is applied to the soil to form an in situ magnesium-aluminium intercalated two-dimensional nano-functional material to anchor heavy metals in the crystal lattice for hyperstable mineralization and to transform dominant bacteria in the soil from Arthrobacter into growth-promoting bacteria new grass helicobacter and mosaic bacteria tolerant to heavy metals, to improve the soil microbial community structure, to fix heavy metals, and to improve the quality and yield of planted crops.
  9. 9. The application of the composite material for soil remediation and crop improvement and yield increase according to claim 8, wherein the composite material is matched with an inorganic alkaline conditioner for use, the mass ratio of the composite material to the inorganic alkaline conditioner is 1:0.5-1, the application mode is that a ditch is dug at a position 20-30cm away from crops, the composite material is covered with soil for 5-10cm after being applied, a certain amount of the inorganic alkaline conditioner is applied, and the pH of soil is raised to a range of 6.5-7.5 through the synergistic effect of slow release of magnesium and aluminum elements in the composite material and the inorganic alkaline conditioner, so that soil acidification is inhibited, and the solidification efficiency of cadmium is further improved.
  10. 10. The use of a soil remediation and crop improvement stimulation composite according to claim 8, wherein the composite is used in combination with one or more of humic, amino, lignin organic modifiers, or the composite is used in combination with nitrogen fixation/phosphate dissolution functional microbial agents; When the composite material is matched with the organic modifier for use, the mass ratio of the composite material to the organic modifier is 1:0.3-1, the application mode is that a 20-30cm ditch is dug at a position 20-30cm away from crops, the composite material is covered with soil for 5-10cm after being applied, and then a certain amount of the organic modifier is applied; When the composite material is matched with the nitrogen fixation/phosphorus dissolution functional microbial inoculum for use, the application mode is that the composite material is applied in a rotary tillage mode, the rotary tillage depth is 10-30cm, the application amount is 20-200 kg/mu, the microbial inoculum is applied in an irrigation mode after being cultured, the inoculation amount is 1-3X 10 8 CFU/g, the microbial colony is promoted to colonize by the micro-slow release H 2 of the composite material and the nutrient elements, and a micro-ecological regulation and control system is formed by utilizing the biological nitrogen fixation/phosphorus dissolution characteristics of the functional microbial inoculum, so that the number of beneficial microorganisms in soil is promoted to be increased, and the absorption and utilization rate of crops to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements is further improved.

Description

Soil restoration and crop quality improvement yield increase composite material and preparation method and application thereof Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of soil fertilizers, in particular to a soil restoration and crop quality improvement and yield increase composite material and a preparation method and application thereof. Background At present, soil pollution and degradation trend are aggravated, and heavy metals have become one of the most serious environmental and health problems facing the world due to nondegradability, bioaccumulation and ecological physiological toxicity. About 14% -17% of farmlands are contaminated with heavy metals worldwide, with cadmium contamination being particularly prominent. Soil physicochemical properties (such as pH, oxidation-reduction potential, medium trace elements, toxic and harmful heavy metals, forms thereof and the like) and microbial community structures are important indicators of soil health and productivity. After the soil is polluted by heavy metals and agricultural chemicals (herbicide and pesticide residues), the microorganism and biodiversity and the activity thereof are seriously inhibited, so that the heavy metals of crops are enriched and the yield is reduced. Especially, under drought and high-temperature weather conditions, rice heavy metal cadmium pollution is frequently generated, and rice field soil heavy metal pollution threatens grain safety. The application of chemical agents, microbial agents or repair materials in heavy metal contaminated soil and the spraying of foliar resistance control agents are the most economically viable methods for large-scale in situ repair of agricultural soil. The current common solidifying and stabilizing repairing materials/agents comprise chemical agents such as sulfide, phosphate and the like, microbial agents such as pseudomonas, bacillus and the like, repairing materials such as lime, biochar, clay minerals and the like, and leaf surface blocking agents such as silicon base, selenium base and the like. However, the materials have obvious defects in practical application, chemical agents are easy to cause soil hardening and accompany secondary pollution risks, microbial agents are poor in environmental adaptability and long in restoration period, lime passivating agents can cause soil hardening to destroy the microecological balance of soil in the traditional passivating materials, biochar and clay minerals have the problem of heavy metal reactivation after adsorption saturation, leaf surface inhibition and control effects are limited by multiple factors such as preparation characteristics, application modes, environmental conditions and the like, and cadmium control effects are extremely unstable. In general, the existing repairing materials have the problems of low curing and stabilizing efficiency, poor durability, damage to the balance of soil electrolytes, damage to the microbial community structure, high desorption and secondary pollution risks and the like. The patent publication numbers CN119702675A and CN119683667A disclose that the coprecipitation method is used for restoring the pollution of soil heavy metals, has a certain solidifying and stabilizing effect on the soil heavy metals, but has the problems of complex preparation process, difficult control of the preparation process, incapability of effectively regulating and controlling the oxidation-reduction potential of the soil and the like. The invention patent publication No. CN112915962A discloses a method for preparing a composite material by loading nano zero-valent iron on magnesium-aluminum hydrotalcite by a liquid phase reduction method, and the method introduces a redox function, but faces the technical problems of easy deactivation stability and poor long-acting property of active component nano zero-valent iron. In addition, the current soil heavy metal pollution repair material has obvious short plates in the aspects of improving quality and increasing yield of crops. The action mechanism of the fertilizer focuses on pollution control, does not fully consider the growth requirement of crops, not only fails to improve the soil capacity, but also prevents crop roots from absorbing and utilizing nutrients due to the change of the physicochemical properties of the soil, and is difficult to realize the synergistic aim of soil restoration and crop yield increase. In general, the soil remediation research in China is in a tracking stage, the original innovative applicability is not high, the patent technology is mainly concentrated on aspects of curing/stabilizing agents, microbial remediation agents, thermal desorption equipment and the like, the types are single, and the field application is mainly single pollution (2021,182 pages of the research report on the development strategy of the environmental earth science, such as the national science foundation and earth science sciences Wu Fengchang). Therefore,