CN-120809860-B - Compact fuel cell bipolar plate and application thereof in new energy automobile battery

CN120809860BCN 120809860 BCN120809860 BCN 120809860BCN-120809860-B

Abstract

The technical key point is that an opening area of an anode plate is oppositely arranged in a first direction of the anode plate, an opening area of a cathode plate is oppositely arranged in the first direction of the anode plate, a second side of the anode plate and a first side of a first membrane electrode are formed into a hydrogen side, a first side of the anode plate and a second side of the cathode plate are formed into a water side, and the first side of the cathode plate and the second side of the second membrane electrode are formed into an air side for simultaneously optimizing flow channel distribution and mechanical support of a hydrogen cavity, a cavity and a water cavity in a limited space.

Inventors

ZHANG HAO
PAN XU
YAO RONGHUA
HAN FUJIANG
HOU MING

Assignees

国创氢能科技有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20250711

Claims (9)

1. A bipolar plate for a fuel cell comprising an anode plate and a cathode plate, wherein: The opening area of the anode plate is oppositely arranged in the length direction of the polar plate, the opening area of the cathode plate is not arranged in the width direction, and the opening area of the cathode plate is oppositely arranged in the length direction of the polar plate, and the opening area is not arranged in the width direction; the second side of the anode plate and the first side of the first membrane electrode are formed into a hydrogen side, the first side of the anode plate and the second side of the cathode plate are formed into a water side, and the first side of the cathode plate and the second side of the second membrane electrode are formed into an air side; the first side of the anode plate comprises a plate surface area of a first height surface, a distribution area of a second height surface and a flow field area of a third height surface, wherein the third height surface is higher than the second height surface, and the second height surface is higher than the first height surface; At least two water channels with a certain interval are arranged in the width direction of the flow field area on the first side of the anode plate at intervals; The water channel is a groove formed by downwards sinking from the third height of the flow field area on the first side of the anode plate to the direction of the first height surface of the plate area on the first side of the anode plate, and comprises a groove wall and a bottom surface, wherein the bottom surface of the water channel is positioned on the same plane with the first height surface of the plate area on the first side of the anode plate, so that the water channel has a first depth; the interface between the distribution area of the first side of the anode plate and the flow field area of the first side of the anode plate is provided with a certain height difference, and the interface of the first side of the anode plate is provided with a water gap which is communicated with the water channel of the distribution area of the first side of the anode plate and the flow field area of the first side of the anode plate; The second side of the anode plate comprises a plate surface area of a third height surface, a distribution area of the second height surface and a flow field area of the first height surface, wherein the third height surface is higher than the second height surface, and the second height surface is higher than the first height surface; The bottom surface of the water channel of the flow field area on the first side of the anode plate is positioned on the same plane with the third height surface of the plate area on the second side of the anode plate; the two water channels of the flow field area of the first side of the anode plate are raised ridges on the two back surfaces of the second side of the anode plate, and the flow field area of the first height surface of the second side of the anode plate is formed into an air channel with a first depth, and the flow field area of the first height surface of the second side of the anode plate is an air channel bottom surface; The interface between the distribution area and the flow field area of the second side of the anode plate has a certain height difference; Wherein, the distribution area of the first side of the anode plate is provided with reinforcing ribs which are arranged in a groove shape, and the top of the groove is a circular platform; the strengthening rib includes first strengthening rib and second strengthening rib, wherein: the first reinforcing rib protrudes towards the first side of the anode plate, and the circular platform surface is higher than a third height surface of the first side of the anode plate; the second reinforcing rib protrudes towards the second side of the anode plate, and the circular platform surface is positioned on a third height surface of the second side of the anode plate.
2. The fuel cell bipolar plate of claim 1 wherein the spacing between adjacent water channels on the first side of the anode plate is uniform.
3. The bipolar plate of claim 1 wherein the first ribs and the second ribs are arranged in alternating rows along the width of the distribution area on the first side of the anode plate.
4. The fuel cell bipolar plate of any of claims 1-3 wherein the second side of the cathode plate comprises a plate surface area of a third elevation surface, a distribution area of a second elevation surface, a flow field area of the third elevation surface, and a first virtual elevation surface, wherein the third elevation surface is higher than the second elevation surface, and the second elevation surface is higher than the first virtual elevation surface; At least two water channels with a certain interval are arranged in the width direction of the flow field area on the second side of the cathode plate at intervals; The water channel on the second side of the cathode plate is a groove formed by downwards concave in the direction of the first virtual height surface of the second side of the cathode plate from the third height of the flow field area on the second side of the cathode plate, and comprises a groove wall and a bottom surface, wherein the bottom surface of the water channel is in the same plane with the first virtual height surface of the second side of the cathode plate, so that the water channel has a first depth; The interface between the distribution area of the second side of the cathode plate and the flow field area of the second side of the cathode plate is provided with a certain height difference, and a water gap is arranged at the interface of the second side of the cathode plate, and the water gap of the second side of the cathode plate is communicated with a water channel of the water gap distribution area and the flow field area of the second side of the cathode plate; the first side of the cathode plate comprises a plate surface area of a first height surface, a distribution area of a second height surface, a flow field area of the first height surface and a third virtual height surface, wherein the third virtual height surface is higher than the second height surface, and the second height surface is higher than the first height surface; The bottom surface of the water channel arranged in the flow field area on the second side of the cathode plate is in the same plane with the third virtual height surface on the first side of the cathode plate; two ridges of two water channels of the flow field area of the second side of the cathode plate on the back surface of the first side of the cathode plate and the flow field area of the first height surface of the first side of the cathode plate are molded into air channels with first depth, and the flow field area of the first height surface of the first side of the cathode plate is the bottom surface of the air channels; the interface of the distribution area of the first side of the cathode plate and the flow field area of the first side of the cathode plate has a certain height difference; wherein, the distribution area of the second side of the cathode plate is provided with reinforcing ribs which are arranged in a groove shape, and the groove top is a circular platform; the reinforcing ribs comprise second reinforcing ribs which protrude towards the first side of the cathode plate, and the circular platform surface is located on the third virtual height surface of the first side of the cathode plate.
5. The fuel cell bipolar plate of claim 4 wherein the spacing between adjacent water channels on the second side of the cathode plate is uniform.
6. The bipolar plate of claim 4 wherein the second ribs are arranged in a row along the width of the distribution area on the second side of the cathode plate.
7. The fuel cell bipolar plate of claim 6 wherein the second rib of the distribution area of the second side of the cathode plate is located at a position of the distribution area of the second side of the cathode plate corresponding to a position of the distribution area of the first side of the anode plate where the first rib of the distribution area of the first side of the anode plate is located, the first rib of the distribution area of the first side of the anode plate is raised toward the first side of the anode plate, and the circular plateau is higher than the third height plane of the first side of the anode plate and abuts against the surface of the distribution area of the second side of the cathode plate.
8. The fuel cell bipolar plate of claim 7 wherein the third height face plate area of the second side of the anode plate, the bottom face of the water channel at the third height face of the second side of the anode plate, the circular planar face of the second stiffener at the third height face of the second side of the anode plate are connected to the first membrane electrode to form the hydrogen side; The first side of the anode plate is connected with the second side of the cathode plate through a frame area, the round platform surface of the first reinforcing rib of the distribution area of the second height surface of the first side of the anode plate is propped against the distribution area of the second height surface of the second side of the cathode plate, and the flow field area of the third height surface of the first side of the anode plate is connected with the flow field area of the third height surface of the second side of the cathode plate so as to form a water side; The plate surface area of the third height surface of the first side of the cathode plate, the bottom surface of the water channel of the first side of the cathode plate, which is positioned on the third virtual height surface, and the round platform surface of the second reinforcing rib of the first side of the cathode plate, which is positioned on the third virtual height surface, are connected with the second membrane electrode to form the air side.
9. Use of a bipolar plate for a fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 8 in a new energy automobile cell.

Description

Compact fuel cell bipolar plate and application thereof in new energy automobile battery Technical Field The invention belongs to the field of fuel cell bipolar plate structures, and particularly relates to a fuel cell bipolar plate design for realizing three-channel distribution of a hydrogen cavity, a cavity and a water cavity. Background The bipolar plate of the fuel cell is one of core components of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC), is mainly made of conductive materials, and has the functions of supporting electrodes, conducting current, distributing reaction gas, discharging produced water, dissipating heat and the like. Its structural design directly affects the performance, life and cost of the fuel cell. The prior bipolar plate has the air port arranged in the length direction and the water port arranged in the width direction, and the air port and the water port can be separated by the reinforcing ribs. This results in the bipolar plate being elongated in both the length direction and the width direction, and the water gap provided on both sides in the width direction, while being partitioned by the reinforcing ribs, the partitioned multiple water gap spaces cause the plate strength to be lowered. Fuel cells used for bipolar plates are often used for new energy vehicles, which are more demanding with respect to their size compactness. The water gap and the air port are arranged in the length direction so as to reduce the dimension in the width direction, and the requirement on structural compactness can be met. However, the distribution area and the flow field area of the prior structural polar plate are basically consistent in height, so that the air port and the water port are simultaneously arranged in the length direction, water flow is blocked, and water is difficult to pass through the flow field area. Therefore, in order to be able to realize the compact structure, the water gap and the air gap are arranged in the length direction, but how to arrange the distribution area and the flow field area can make the structure improved and can pack both sides of the polar plate and ensure the smoothness of the gas and water channels at the same time is called as the problem to be solved. In addition, conventional bipolar plates often suffer from reduced performance in the distribution area due to cross-mixing of the fluids, and insufficient support strength can easily cause deformation of the membrane electrode. Disclosure of Invention It is difficult to optimize the flow channel distribution and mechanical support of the hydrogen, cavity and water cavities simultaneously in a limited space in the prior art, and the fuel cell bipolar plate according to some embodiments of the present application comprises an anode plate and a cathode plate, wherein: The opening area of the anode plate is oppositely arranged in the first direction of the polar plate, and the opening area of the cathode plate is oppositely arranged in the first direction of the polar plate; the second side of the anode plate and the first side of the first membrane electrode are formed into a hydrogen side, the first side of the anode plate and the second side of the cathode plate are formed into a water side, and the first side of the cathode plate and the second side of the second membrane electrode are formed into an air side. A fuel cell bipolar plate according to some embodiments of the application, wherein the first side of the anode plate comprises a plate face region of a first elevation face, a distribution region of a second elevation face, and a flow field region of a third elevation face, wherein the third elevation face is higher than the second elevation face, and the second elevation face is higher than the first elevation face; At least two water channels with a certain interval are arranged in the width direction of the flow field area on the first side of the anode plate at intervals; The water channel is a groove formed by downwards sinking from the third height of the flow field area on the first side of the anode plate to the direction of the first height surface of the plate area on the first side of the anode plate, and comprises a groove wall and a bottom surface, wherein the bottom surface of the water channel is positioned on the same plane with the first height surface of the plate area on the first side of the anode plate, so that the water channel has a first depth; The interface between the distribution area of the first side of the anode plate and the flow field area of the first side of the anode plate has a certain height difference, a water gap is arranged on the connecting surface of the first side of the anode plate, and the water gap of the first side of the anode plate is communicated with the water channel of the distribution area of the first side of the anode plate and the flow field area of the first side of the anode plate. According to some embodiments of the application, the fue