CN-120898769-B - Breeding method of high-propagation fast-growth short-foot slow-feather Guangxi spicy chicken

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of poultry breeding, in particular to a breeding method of a high-propagation quick-growth short-foot slow-feather Guangxi spicy chicken, which comprises the steps of constructing a molecular detection system of a chicken companion short-foot gene GHR and a recessive white-feather RWC gene, hybridizing a Guangxi spicy chicken hen with a short-foot recessive white-feather hen to obtain a hybrid F1 generation group, generating an F2 generation by F1 generation selfing, screening out a short-foot slow-feather Guangxi spicy chicken individual by adopting a phenotype selection combined molecular detection technology aiming at the F2 generation group, then screening out a breeding cock and a hen to construct a short-foot slow-feather Guangxi spicy chicken core group, establishing a 0 generation family, and breeding a new strain of the high-propagation quick-growth short-foot slow-feather Guangxi spicy chicken through successive breeding. The low-foot slow-feather Guangxi spicy chicken strain bred by the invention inherits the low-foot characteristics of the low-foot recessive white-feather chicken, reduces the feed intake in the egg producing period compared with that of the Guangxi spicy chicken, improves the egg producing number, the egg insemination rate and the egg qualification rate, effectively reduces the breeding cost, and simultaneously improves the breeding accuracy and efficiency by applying the gene detection technology.

Inventors

• CHEN JIMING
• ZHANG WEIYING
• YANG FUJIAN
• ZHANG ZONGYAO
• TANG XUEMEI
• CHEN CHUNTING
• MO XIA
• LU HAIPING
• ZHANG YU
• HUANG YAWEN

Assignees

• 广西参皇养殖集团有限公司

Dates

Publication Date

20260508

Application Date

20250708

Claims (5)

1. 1. A breeding method of a high-propagation fast-growth short-foot slow-feather Guangxi spicy chicken is characterized by comprising the following steps: establishing a chicken companion short foot gene GHR and recessive white feather RWC gene molecule detection method; Performing closed breeding on the Guangxi Ma chicken and the short-foot recessive white feather chicken according to body type appearance standards to obtain a basic group; Performing first screening on short-foot recessive white-feather cocks and Guangxi Ma hen hens in the basic population, hybridizing the short-foot recessive white-feather cocks and the Guangxi Ma hen hens as male parents and female parents after the first screening, and collecting eggs for hatching to obtain an F1 generation; Selecting normal-foot slow-feather and fibrilia cock which accords with the body type appearance standard and contains dw gene heterozygotes from the F1 generation, carrying out selfing on the normal-foot slow-feather and fibrilia cock and the low-foot slow-feather and fibrilia hen which accords with the body type appearance, collecting hatching eggs and incubating to obtain the F2 generation; Raising the F2 generation chicks, then carrying out second screening, carrying out molecular detection on the chicks after the second screening by using the gene molecular detection method, and selecting and keeping the dw gene homozygote and the black-feather cock and the black-feather hen without recessive white feather genes for single cage raising to obtain a low-foot slow-feather Guangxi black-bone chicken basic group; thirdly screening the short-foot slow-feather Guangxi hen cocks in the short-foot slow-feather Guangxi hen basic group to obtain final core group cocks, and fourthly screening the short-foot slow-feather Guangxi hen cocks in the short-foot slow-feather Guangxi hen basic group to obtain final core group cocks; randomly constructing 0 generation family by the final core group cock and the final core group hen, and performing subculture breeding to obtain a high-propagation and quick-growth short-foot Guangxi spicy chicken; the body type and appearance standard is specifically that the body type and appearance selection standard of the short-foot recessive white-feather chicken is recessive white-feather, slow-feather and yellow-shank chicken, and the chest meat has good development, and the Guangxi black-bone chicken is slow-feather, tingling-feather and Huang Jing; The first screening method comprises the steps of screening short-foot recessive white feather cocks with shank length of 95-105% of average value, body weight of 95-110% of average value, ejaculation volume of not less than 105% of average sperm volume, sperm density of more than 35 hundred million/mL sperm cells, and family egg yield of family sibling hens of the short-foot recessive white feather cocks higher than the average value of family egg yield, screening Guangxi hen hens with individual egg yield of more than 100 weeks and egg yield of not less than 103% of average egg yield of groups; the second screening is specifically to screen out individuals with a fibrilia and a shank length less than or equal to 6.0cm when the chicks of the F2 generation are raised to 60-70 days old; The gene molecule detection method specifically comprises the following steps: collecting blood of the chicken fries after the second screening, and extracting genomic DNA of the chicken blood; The primer design is adopted to obtain a dwarf gene identification primer, and the dwarf gene identification primer is used for carrying out PCR amplification and sequencing on chicken blood genome DNA, so as to remove dwarf heterozygotes and normal foot homozygotes and keep individuals of the dwarf homozygotes as shown in SEQ ID No.1, SEQ ID No.2 and SEQ ID No. 3; Obtaining recessive white feather gene identification primers shown as SEQ ID No.4, SEQ ID No.5, SEQ ID No.6 and SEQ ID No.7 through primer design, and carrying out PCR amplification and sequencing on chicken blood genome DNA by using the recessive white feather gene identification primers to remove recessive Bai Yuza zygotes; in the secondary breeding, the cock takes the growth character as a main selection character, the propagation character as an auxiliary selection character, the hen takes the propagation character as a main selection character, the growth character as an auxiliary selection character, and simultaneously, the breeding of slow feathers is carried out synchronously by the male and female; The slow feather breeding method specifically comprises the following steps: The young chicks wear wing numbers according to families, and weak residual seedlings and green foot individuals are eliminated; The breeding of slow feathers, namely expanding wings of chickens one by one in 1 day, observing the relative length of main feathers on outer wings and main feathers covered, eliminating fast feather chickens, wherein the main feathers of the eliminated fast feather chickens are longer than the main feathers covered by more than 2mm, and the individual with overlong tail feathers is eliminated by 10 days according to the development condition of the tail feathers; the cocks are aged at 42 days and eliminate the individuals with slow development of the cockscombs, and the hens are aged at 56 days and eliminate the individuals with undeveloped cockscombs and yellow and non-ruddy faces; Weighing the whole group at 70 days old, wherein the weight of 10% of individuals in the group is extracted before weight selection, recording the average value, taking the average value of-5 to +10% as a seed reserving range, taking the average value of-8 to +10% as the seed reserving range, and improving the uniformity of the group; Before the egg laying cage is rotated, individuals with body type and appearance which do not meet the requirements are eliminated, and simultaneously, individuals with well developed chest and leg muscles are picked by hands; The method comprises the steps that 90-day-old cocks eliminate individuals such as inverted crowns, non-crown and extra-high crowns, green feet and corners, select individuals with bright and close-fitting feathers, double sags, body type reunions and medium weight, the hens eliminate individuals such as short crowns, non-crown, inverted crowns, green feet and turning feet, select individuals with close-fitting hairpins, fine hairpieces, few pits, body type reunions and medium weight, detect white diarrhea of the chicken, eliminate positive chickens, and then transfer the chicken to an egg laying house; Feeding the chickens from 90 days old to 150 days old in single cages, recording the empty stomach weight, the periodic feed intake and the 150 days old weight of the chickens, measuring the individual feed conversion ratio without controlling feed during the period, and calculating the feed conversion ratio of each cock after 150 days old; Semen detection is carried out on a cock at 150 days old, semen is selected to be reserved with the ejaculation amount being more than or equal to 103% of the average ejaculation amount, the semen consistency is more than 35 hundred million/mL sperm cells and the color is milky white; detecting pullorum disease and avian leukosis before parturition, and eliminating positive and suspicious individuals; individuals with excessive weight deviation average value are eliminated by weighing the whole group before birth; Reproductive performance selection was performed at 43 weeks of age: selecting hens, namely selecting and reserving individuals with the egg yield greater than the average egg yield and the egg qualification rate greater than or equal to 105% from offspring of families with the egg yield higher than the average egg yield in the 66-week-old family of the previous generation by adopting a method of combining family selection and individual selection and referring to the 66-week-old family of the previous generation and combining the 43-week-old family of the current generation; Selecting a cock, namely evaluating according to the score of the sibling, selecting a cock with the largest egg number from families with the egg number higher than the average egg number in the family of 43 weeks of the current generation, wherein the cock body weight is more than or equal to 110% of the average cock body weight, the ejaculation volume is more than or equal to 105% of the average sperm volume, the semen consistency is more than 35 hundred million/mL sperm cells, and the cock with the low feed-meat ratio measurement from 90 days old to 150 days old is used as a reserved cock; Carrying out homogeneous selection and family composition on the selected cock and hen, carrying out genealogy examination to avoid mating of full siblings and half siblings, and carrying out secondary breeding on the next generation according to the ratio of 1:12 of the cock and the hen; And breeding for 3-4 generations to obtain the new strain of the high-propagation short-foot slow-feather Guangxi Ma chicken.
2. 2. The breeding method of the high-propagation fast-growth short-foot slow-feather Guangxi Ma chicken according to claim 1, which is characterized in that, In the PCR amplification, the reaction conditions of the PCR system are 94 ℃ pre-denaturation for 5min, 94 ℃ denaturation for 30 s,53 ℃ annealing for 30 s,72 ℃ extension for 30 s, 35 cycles, and finally 72 ℃ extension for 5 min.
3. 3. The breeding method of the high-propagation fast-growth short-foot slow-feather Guangxi Ma chicken according to claim 2, which is characterized in that, The third screening is specifically that when the short-foot slow-feather Guangxi spicy chicken in the short-foot slow-feather Guangxi spicy chicken basic group is raised to 90 days old, individuals with weight in the range of +25% of average value and excellent second character development are screened out, semen detection is carried out on the screened individuals before parturition and seed reserving, and the number of emergent sperms is greater than or equal to 103% of average ejaculation, and the density of sperms is greater than 35 hundred million sperm cells and the color is milky.
4. 4. The method for breeding high-propagation fast-growth short-foot slow-feather Guangxi hen according to claim 3, wherein the fourth screening is specifically to select and leave hens with excellent second sex characteristics according to the size and the characters of crowns before laying the short-foot slow-feather Guangxi hen in the short-foot slow-feather Guangxi hen basic group, collect 43-week individual egg laying numbers, egg weights and 66-week egg laying numbers, and select 43-week individual egg numbers which are greater than 100 and body weights which are greater than the average body weight of the hen group.
5. 5. The breeding method of the high-propagation fast-growth short-foot slow-feather Guangxi Ma chicken according to claim 4, which is characterized in that, When the final core group cock and the final core group hen randomly construct a 0 generation family, randomly constructing the 0 generation family by the final core group cock and the hen according to a ratio of 1:8; In the secondary breeding, the cock takes the growth character as the main selection character, the propagation character as the auxiliary selection character, the hen takes the propagation character as the main selection character, the growth character as the auxiliary selection character, and simultaneously, the male and female synchronously develop the slow-feather breeding.

Description

Breeding method of high-propagation fast-growth short-foot slow-feather Guangxi spicy chicken Technical Field The invention relates to the field of poultry breeding, in particular to a breeding method of a high-propagation quick-growth short-foot slow-feather Guangxi spicy chicken. Background The Guangxi Ma chicken has the characteristics of one, two, three and short, has moderate weight and tender meat quality, and is a slow-speed type Chinese chicken product mainly cultivated and consumed in Guangxi. Therefore, the breeding of the Guangxi Ma chicken complete set system with high reproduction, quick growth, good breast quality, good uniformity and high feed conversion rate becomes an urgent need of the industry. The invention provides a method for cultivating high-reproduction, fast-growing, low-foot and slow-feather Guangxi Ma chickens, which can be used for quickly cultivating breeding materials to improve the problems of low meat yield, low growth speed, low feed conversion rate, poor uniformity, high breeding cost and the like of the Guangxi Ma chickens by hybridization matching. In yellow-feather broiler breeding, pure lines tend to be bred in the direction of fast-feather lines due to the characteristics of fast early growth speed, fast feather growth speed and the like of the fast-feather lines. In the production of Guangxi Ma chickens, the primary chickens still need to identify the male and female people at present because the pure lines are always quick feather lines. The manual identification is large in labor amount, low in speed and large in stress and damage to the chicks. The invention cultivates the low-feather petiolus-tingling chicken strain, can form a feather-speed self-identification mating line with a fast-feather Guangxi-tingling chicken pure line, simplifies a male-female identification process, and reduces potential hazards of stress reaction, injury and disease transverse transmission caused by anal turning identification. In addition, the problem that the identification personnel are difficult to take work is also relieved to a certain extent. The low-foot chickens have the characteristics of low basal metabolism rate, low material consumption, excellent reproductive performance, strong heat resistance, outstanding stress resistance and delicious meat quality, can effectively improve the feeding amount per unit area, and the commercial generation chickens obtained by hybridization with normal-type chickens show normal body types, have no difference with the conventional chickens in production performance, have obvious economic benefits, so that the introduction of sex-linked low-gene has become an important breeding means in commercial breeding practices of laying hens and chickens at home and abroad. The traditional concomitant petiole gene introduction method mainly depends on breeding experience, offspring are selected through phenotype, and identification cannot be directly carried out on the genotype of a target gene. This results in the tendency of individuals with heterozygous concomitant petioles in the population of chickens, or the generation of non-target petioles due to environmental factors of the breeding, making selection accuracy and breeding less efficient, usually requiring stepwise purification through multiple generations of phenotypic selection. And after the dwarf chicken grows to at least 8 weeks of age, the homozygote of the companion dwarf gene, the normal heterozygote and the homozygote can be distinguished according to indexes such as weight, shank length and the like. Compared with the molecular marker assisted selection technology, the molecular marker assisted selection technology can effectively overcome the difficulty of character phenotype identification, realize early-stage accurate selection and remarkably improve backcross breeding efficiency. The companion dwarf gene dw (dwarf) is taken as a main gene for regulating and controlling numerous quantitative traits such as weight, feed rewards, egg laying performance and the like, and is the only recessive mutant gene which has no adverse effect on the health of organisms and has forward utilization value in 8 dwarf genes of chickens. Studies have shown that genetic variation of the chicken Growth Hormone Receptor (GHR) is a key factor in initiating linkage of short chickens, and that growth hormone biological function is affected due to the lack of growth hormone receptors in short-foot chickens. It is found that the GHR gene mutation caused by the short chicken with short foot gene is mainly 4 types, including (1) T-C mutation of 2 bases after 352 bits of the coding sequence, (2) 1773bp base deletion of 10 terminal of exon and 1744-3516 bits of untranslated region (UTR), T mutation of 679 base of the coding region from G, and T-C mutation of 335 single base at the coding region. In addition, coexistence of multiple mutations may produce additive effects, resulting in problems of large difference