CN-120921167-B - Turning and milling vibration control method and system

CN120921167BCN 120921167 BCN120921167 BCN 120921167BCN-120921167-B

Abstract

The invention discloses a turning vibration control method and system, and relates to the technical field of turning, wherein the method comprises the steps of collecting process signals related to turning tool positions in the historical turning process of a machined workpiece, matching corresponding turning tool working paths for a newly machined workpiece based on physical characteristic information, associating corresponding process signals according to the turning tool working paths, matching corresponding target spindle rotating speeds at each position on the turning tool working paths based on the process signals, and controlling the newly machined workpiece to perform turning operation in a machine tool along the turning tool working paths based on the target spindle rotating speeds. According to the embodiment of the invention, the actual cutting response characteristics of each point on the milling path can be detected in advance, and the rotating speed of the milling main shaft is adjusted according to the detection result, so that the stability of turning and milling processing and the advantages of surface quality are effectively improved.

Inventors

JING JUNFENG
LU GUISI
ZHANG XINGHUA

Assignees

东莞市志远数控设备制造有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20250910

Claims (9)

1. A turning vibration control method, comprising: acquiring a process signal related to the position of a turning tool in the history turning process of a machined workpiece, and establishing physical characteristic information of the machined workpiece in the turning process based on the process signal; Matching a corresponding turning tool working path for the newly processed workpiece based on the physical characteristic information, and associating a corresponding process signal according to the turning tool working path; the process signal refers to a physical quantity or a state quantity which is acquired in real time corresponding to a specific position of a turning tool on a workpiece in the turning process; the physical characteristic information refers to a data set or model which is constructed by analyzing, processing and modeling the process signals and can represent the turning action and the mechanical properties or states of the processed workpiece; Matching a target spindle rotating speed corresponding to each position on the working path of the turning tool based on the process signals; Searching or deducing data or a model closest to the physical response or state possibly generated by the new processing workpiece on a specific turning tool working path from the established physical characteristic information according to the geometric shape, the material type and the preset processing path of the new processing workpiece; Controlling the newly processed workpiece to carry out turning operation in a machine tool along the turning tool working path based on the target spindle rotating speed; The matching the target spindle rotation speed corresponding to each position on the turning tool working path based on the process signal comprises the following steps: Setting a preset adjustment rule based on a mapping relation between a process signal in the physical characteristic information and the milling stable main shaft rotating speed; and determining the corresponding target spindle rotating speed at each position on the working path of the turning tool based on the preset adjustment rule.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining the target spindle rotation speed corresponding to each position on the turning tool working path based on the preset adjustment rule includes: Analyzing the process signal on the working path of the turning tool to obtain a first characteristic index and a second characteristic index, wherein the first characteristic index represents the impact characteristic of the process signal on the working path of the turning tool, and the second characteristic index represents the energy characteristic of the process signal on the working path of the turning tool; judging the turning physical state of the newly processed workpiece according to the first characteristic index and the second characteristic index; selecting a corresponding adjustment rule from the preset adjustment rules according to the turning physical state; And determining target spindle rotating speeds at different positions on the tool path based on the corresponding adjustment rules and the process signals on the turning tool working path.
3. The turning vibration control method according to claim 2, wherein the determining the turning physical state in which the newly machined workpiece is located according to the first characteristic index and the second characteristic index includes: when the combination relation of the first characteristic index and the second characteristic index meets a preset fuzzy physical state, determining the position on the working path of the turning tool as a fuzzy state position; intercepting a path segment containing the fuzzy state position on the working path of the turning tool; Analyzing the first characteristic index and the second characteristic index distributed on the path segment, and acquiring a third index characteristic representing the fuzzy physical state in the path segment; And judging the turning physical state of the fuzzy state position based on the third index feature, wherein the turning physical state comprises a composite physical layered structure and microscopic defects in the workpiece material.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein said analyzing the first and second characteristic indicators distributed over the path segment and obtaining a third indicator feature representing the blurred physical state within the path segment comprises: Generating a reference sequence representing a continuously variable part of the sequence aiming at the sequence of the first characteristic index or the second characteristic index distributed on the path segment, wherein the reference sequence has filtered local mutation information caused by the microscopic defect; a statistic representative of the spatial continuity of the reference sequence is determined as the third characteristic index based on the reference sequence.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein generating a reference sequence indicative of a continuously varying portion of the sequence for the sequence of the first or second characteristic indicators distributed over the path segment comprises: Determining a local variation indicator indicative of the local variation of the data point based on the data points in the sequence and the neighboring data points of the data points in the sequence; Differentiating data points in the sequence into trend points representing the continuously varying portions or mutation points caused by the microscopic defects based on the local variation index; And generating the reference sequence based on the result distinction between the trend point and the mutation point, wherein the value of the position corresponding to the trend point in the reference sequence is determined by the value of the trend point in the sequence, and the value of the position corresponding to the mutation point in the reference sequence is determined by the value of the adjacent trend point in the sequence.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein determining a value of a position corresponding to the mutation point in the reference sequence from values of the trend points adjacent to the mutation point in the sequence includes: Determining a first trend point located before the mutation point location and a second trend point located after the mutation point location in the sequence; And determining the value of the corresponding position of the mutation point in the reference sequence based on the values of the first trend point and the second trend point in the sequence and the respective positions.
7. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the turning physical state of the newly machined workpiece according to the first characteristic index and the second characteristic index comprises: constructing a two-dimensional feature space by taking the first feature index and the second feature index as coordinate axes, wherein the two-dimensional feature space is used for defining corresponding judging areas for different turning physical states; Forming a feature point in the two-dimensional feature space by the first feature index and the second feature index at a position along the working path of the turning tool; And judging the turning physical state of the newly processed workpiece based on the judging area in which the characteristic points fall in the two-dimensional characteristic space.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining the target spindle rotation speed corresponding to each position on the turning tool working path based on the preset adjustment rule comprises: determining an initial target spindle rotation speed based on process signal characteristics of the turning tool working path distribution; during the subsequent turning process of executing a newly machined workpiece, collecting a real-time process signal reflecting the current interaction state between the turning tool and the newly machined workpiece; Determining the characteristics of the current wear state of the turning tool from the collected real-time process signals; Setting compensation logic according to the characteristics of the current wear state of the turning tool, and determining the spindle rotating speed compensation amount based on the compensation logic; and correcting the initial target spindle rotation speed according to the spindle rotation speed compensation quantity to obtain the target spindle rotation speed.
9. A turning vibration control system for performing the turning vibration control method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the system comprises: The feature construction module is used for collecting process signals related to the position of a turning tool in the history turning process of the machined workpiece and establishing physical feature information of the machined workpiece in the turning process based on the process signals; The path construction module is used for matching the corresponding turning tool working path for the newly processed workpiece based on the physical characteristic information and correlating out the corresponding process signal according to the turning tool working path; the rotating speed determining module is used for matching the corresponding target spindle rotating speed at each position on the working path of the turning tool based on the process signals; and the machine tool control module is used for controlling the newly processed workpiece to carry out turning operation along the turning tool working path in a machine tool based on the target spindle rotating speed.

Description

Turning and milling vibration control method and system Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of turning and milling, in particular to a turning and milling vibration control method and system. Background In the field of turning and milling composite machining, particularly for workpieces with weak rigidity such as slender shafts or thin walls, vibration generated in the machining process is a long-standing technical problem which is difficult to eradicate. Such vibrations not only severely deteriorate the quality of the machined surface, leaving significant chatter marks, but also exacerbate tool wear and even in extreme cases damage the tool or workpiece. In the scenario of multi-process continuous processing, the interaction between the processes can complicate the vibration problem even more. Advanced machining processes, such as turning, in addition to changing the geometry of the workpiece, introduce residual stresses in the surface and subsurface regions of the workpiece and may result in work hardening of the localized material. The physical "imprint" left by the previous process changes the mechanical properties of the material local to the surface of the workpiece, thereby affecting the processing stability of the subsequent process (e.g., milling). Existing vibration control methods generally assume that the workpiece material is uniform and isotropic, failing to adequately account for localized, non-uniform changes in workpiece material properties caused by the precursor processing. For example, when a solid part with a large length-diameter ratio is subjected to milling composite processing, a residual stress field which is related to the turning tool state and is unevenly distributed along the axial direction is left on the surface of the part in the prior turning process, so that the rigidity of a local material at a subsequent milling processing point is unknown. This non-uniform local stiffness introduced by the previous process changes the vibration characteristics of the milling system. The stable rotation speed interval, originally calculated based on the homogeneous material false design, has been shifted in its boundaries when facing the real surface subjected to "work hardening" and "stress modification". The rotation speed which is judged to be stable just falls into a true unstable area which is newly generated due to residual stress, thereby inducing cutting chatter. Therefore, on the premise of not adding additional measurement procedures and not significantly affecting the machining beats, the actual cutting response characteristics of each point on the upcoming milling path are previously ascertained, and the rotating speed of the milling spindle is adjusted according to the ascertained results, so that the cutting chatter vibration induced by the local deviation of the system stability boundary is actively avoided, and the technical problem to be solved in the current turning and milling composite machining field is urgently solved. Disclosure of Invention In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the application provides a turning vibration control method and a turning vibration control system, which have the advantages that the actual cutting response characteristics of each point on a milling path can be detected in advance, and the rotating speed of a milling main shaft is adjusted according to the detection result, so that the cutting vibration induced by the local deviation of a system stability boundary is actively avoided, and the stability and the surface quality of turning are effectively improved. The application provides a turning and milling vibration control method, which comprises the following steps: acquiring a process signal related to the position of a turning tool in the history turning process of the machined workpiece, and establishing physical characteristic information of the machined workpiece in the turning process based on the process signal; matching a corresponding turning tool working path for the newly processed workpiece based on the physical characteristic information, and associating a corresponding process signal according to the turning tool working path; matching a target spindle rotating speed corresponding to each position on the working path of the turning tool based on the process signals; And controlling the newly processed workpiece to carry out turning operation along the working path of the turning tool in the machine tool based on the target spindle rotating speed. According to the scheme, the actual cutting response characteristics of each point on the milling path can be detected in advance, the rotating speed of the main shaft is adjusted accordingly, the cutting chatter caused by local rigidity change due to the preamble processing is effectively avoided, and the processing stability is improved. The matching of the target spindle rotational speed corresponding to each position on the turning tool wo