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CN-120947954-B - Testing device for replaceable sealing element in electromagnetic excitation environment of high-speed rotor and modeling method thereof

CN120947954BCN 120947954 BCN120947954 BCN 120947954BCN-120947954-B

Abstract

The invention discloses a testing device for a replaceable sealing element in a high-speed rotor electromagnetic excitation environment and a modeling method thereof, and relates to the technical field of rotary machinery. The sensor comprises a base, a shell, a sealing element, a first connecting piece and a second connecting piece, wherein the sensor and a sensor probe are arranged on the sensor, the shell is divided into a lower half shell and an upper half shell and is connected with the base, the first connecting piece is connected with the shell, the sealing element is divided into an upper part and a lower part, the sealing element is connected in the shell, the second connecting piece is connected with the sealing element, the sensor is connected with the shell, the sensor probe is arranged on the sensor, the sensor probe is contacted with the outer circular surface of the sealing element, a rotating shaft penetrates through the center of the sealing element, and an electromagnetic exciter excites the rotating shaft. The invention can directly measure the vibration and the received exciting force of the sealing element, synchronously acquire the time domain data of the vibration response and the exciting load of the sealing element, construct a closed-loop analysis model of parameter identification, remarkably simplify the algorithm architecture, effectively control the accumulation of brief introduction errors and improve the integral identification precision of the parameters.

Inventors

  • LI QIXING
  • Pu Minjing
  • WANG WEIMIN
  • ZHAO NAN
  • DING PENG
  • YANG ZHUOBIN
  • LI WENHUI

Assignees

  • 北京化工大学

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20250717

Claims (9)

  1. 1. The utility model provides a test device of removable sealing member under high-speed rotor electromagnetic excitation environment, a serial communication port, including base (1), the shell, sealing member (8), first connecting piece (2), second connecting piece (7), sensor (10), sensor probe (11), the shell is cylindrical structure, the punishment is divided into lower half shell (3) and last half shell (6) from the centre line, lower half shell (3) pass through bolt and base (1) fixed connection, lower half shell (3) and last half shell (6) pass through bolt (4) detachable connection together, first connecting piece (2) respectively with last half shell (6), lower half shell (3) detachable connection, first connecting piece (2) make the central axis of last half shell (6) and the central axis of lower half shell (3) coincidence, sealing member (8) are thin shell drum structure, it is two upper and lower parts that sealing member (8) are coaxial and clearance connection are in the shell, second connecting piece (7) are respectively with the upper and lower two parts detachable connection of sealing member (8), second connecting piece (7) make two sensor probe (8) and sensor probe (10) are installed on the top and bottom of the sensor (11) of the contact at the top and bottom of the outer circle (8) respectively, the rotating shaft passes through the center of the sealing piece (8), and the electromagnetic exciter excites the rotating shaft.
  2. 2. The device for testing the replaceable sealing element in the electromagnetic excitation environment of the high-speed rotor according to claim 1, wherein the inner wall of the sealing element (8) is provided with a sealing structure (84), and the sealing structure (84) is a comb seal, a labyrinth seal or a honeycomb seal.
  3. 3. The testing device for the replaceable sealing element in the electromagnetic excitation environment of the high-speed rotor according to claim 1, wherein the outer circumferential surface of the sealing element (8) is provided with at least one circle of third protrusions (83), the cross section of the third protrusions (83) is rectangular, the inner wall of the shell is provided with at least one circle of second grooves (33), and the second grooves (33) are matched with the third protrusions (83).
  4. 4. The testing device for the replaceable sealing element in the electromagnetic excitation environment of the high-speed rotor according to claim 1, wherein two parallel end faces of the sealing element (8) are respectively provided with a circle of third grooves (82), the third grooves (82) are perpendicular to the end face of the sealing element (8), the second connecting element (7) is provided with second protrusions (71), and the second protrusions (71) are matched with the third grooves (82).
  5. 5. The testing device for the replaceable sealing element in the electromagnetic excitation environment of the high-speed rotor according to claim 1, wherein a circle of first grooves (31) are formed in two parallel end faces of the housing, the first grooves (31) are perpendicular to the end faces of the housing, the first connecting element (2) is provided with first protrusions (21), and the first protrusions (21) are matched with the first grooves (31).
  6. 6. The testing device for the replaceable sealing element in the electromagnetic excitation environment of the high-speed rotor according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of mounting holes (5) are uniformly formed in the outer circumferential surface of the housing, and the sensor (10) and the sensor probe (11) are sleeved and connected in the holes.
  7. 7. The testing device for the replaceable sealing elements in the electromagnetic excitation environment of the high-speed rotor according to claim 6, wherein eight mounting holes (5) are arranged, the axes of each four mounting holes (5) are on the same plane, the included angles between the axes of the four mounting holes (5) and the X and Y axes are 45 degrees, the mounting holes are arranged in an X shape with the center of a circle of a shell as the center, a section of internal thread is arranged at the top of each mounting hole (5), a nut (9) is provided with external threads, the nut (9) is screwed in each mounting hole (5), and the end face of the nut (9) is in contact with the sensor (10).
  8. 8. The testing device for the replaceable sealing element in the electromagnetic excitation environment of the high-speed rotor according to claim 1, wherein at least one first injection opening (32) is arranged on the lower half shell (3), at least one second injection opening (61) is arranged on the upper half shell (6), the first injection opening (32) and the second injection opening (61) are uniformly distributed on the shell along the circumferential direction, a plurality of third injection openings (81) are uniformly arranged on the sealing element (8) along the circumferential direction, and the third injection openings (81) are communicated with the first injection opening (32) and the second injection opening (61).
  9. 9. A method of modeling a test device based on a replaceable seal in a high speed rotor electromagnetic excitation environment according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of: s1, constructing a device-data-physical three-domain fusion architecture; The device domain is used for deeply coupling the broadband excitation characteristic of the electromagnetic exciter and the X-shaped 45-degree phase monitoring layout of a sensor network formed by eight sensors (10) arranged on the shell, wherein the frequency of the electromagnetic exciter is 0-5kHz, and the frequency is continuously adjustable; The system comprises a data field, a multi-source heterogeneous database based on device field, wherein the working condition parameters comprise rotor vibration displacement, rotor vibration acceleration, pressure pulsation in a sealing cavity, rotor rotating speed, medium temperature in the sealing cavity and medium viscosity; A physical domain, namely embedding working condition parameters obtained in the data domain into a hydrodynamic seal theoretical equation, namely a Reynolds equation discretization form as model priori knowledge; s2, extracting and collecting working condition parameters when the sealing device is used for testing; setting proper sampling rate by using a data acquisition system, wherein the data streams of all the sensors (10) have accurate and uniform time stamps, and if the data streams with different sampling rates are processed by adopting a synchronous algorithm; The working condition parameters of each test comprise rotating shaft rotating speed, rotating shaft load, sealing conditions, ambient temperature, motor operation time length and any disturbance applied to the rotating shaft, wherein the sealing conditions comprise air temperature of a medium in a sealing cavity, air pressure of the medium and flow of the medium; S3, preprocessing data of the working condition parameters extracted in the step S2 and cleaning the working condition parameters; The data preprocessing comprises the following steps: processing missing values, namely identifying and processing missing data caused by sensor (10) faults or transmission interruption; Outlier detection and processing, identifying and processing obviously erroneous readings using statistical methods or methods based on physical rules; The data cleaning comprises noise filtering, low-pass filtering of slow-change signals to remove high-frequency noise, filtering of fast-change signals according to the concerned frequency band, resampling and aligning signals with different sampling rates to a unified and proper time grid, unit conversion and standardization, and standardization or normalization of data; s4, constructing a Hilbert-Huang transformation time-frequency matrix by using the working condition parameters processed and cleaned in the step S3; s5, marking data and defining a target; labeling target variables according to experimental purposes: The health state label comprises normal, unbalanced, non-centering, bearing abrasion, rotor instability and rub-impact, and defines performance indexes closely related to the health state; defining targets to be predicted or estimated by the model, wherein the targets comprise residual life prediction, fault classification, real-time vibration response prediction and optimal control parameters; s6, under the data driving of the step S5, building a neural network model; (1) Constructing a physically interpretable hybrid model: Adopts LSTM-TripleAttention, namely a long and short term memory neural network-triple attention mechanism neural network model, wherein: LSTM is a long-short-term memory neural network layer, which processes time sequence monitoring data of a sensor network and has a sampling rate of 20kHz; A transducer layer, which is used for fusing the multi-frequency excitation characteristics of the electromagnetic exciter and the frequency band of 0.1-5 kHz; physical constraint layer-discretized form of embedded seal dynamics equation: ; Wherein: is the density of fluid, unit ; Is the fluid velocity vector, unit ; Is time unit ; For hamiltonian ; Is tensor product; is the fluid pressure, unit ; Is hydrodynamic viscosity, unit ; For the Laplace operator ; Electromagnetic excitation force field distribution function, and Three-direction displacement and time Correlation; s7, developing a simulated working condition self-adaptive training strategy; Pre-training stage: 10-4 sets of extreme working condition data generated by COMSOL simulation are used, the rotating speed is 0-50000rpm, and the gas pressure of the sealing device is 0-4MPa; On-line fine tuning mechanism: the dynamic matching of the model parameters and the state of the sealing device is realized through the real-time closed-loop control of the electromagnetic exciter; Fault injection training: Simulating systematic error compensation learning caused by the mounting deviation of +/-0.05 mm of the sealing element (8); S8, training a data driving model; Inputting the working condition parameters obtained in the step S2 into the LSTM-TripleAttention neural network model obtained in the step S7 for training, and further debugging by combining with the LSTM-TripleAttention neural network model obtained by pre-training to perfect the neural network model; s9, model engineering deployment; (1) Developing an embedded reasoning engine: an edge calculation module based on STM32H7, wherein the operation delay is less than 10ms; a dynamic feature caching mechanism for storing the most recent 500 sets of monitoring data; fault early warning triggering logic based on LSTM residual analysis; (2) Establishing a model updating protocol: when detecting that the seal stiffness identification error is more than 8 percent for 3 times continuously/the current fluctuation of the electromagnetic exciter is more than 15 percent, automatically triggering the online updating flow of the model.

Description

Testing device for replaceable sealing element in electromagnetic excitation environment of high-speed rotor and modeling method thereof Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of rotary machinery, and particularly relates to a testing device for a replaceable sealing element in a high-speed rotor electromagnetic excitation environment and a modeling method thereof. Background The rotary power machine is used as core equipment in the fields of energy, aviation, chemical industry and the like, the conversion of mechanical energy, heat energy and fluid pressure energy is realized through the high-speed rotation of a rotor, and the performance and the reliability of the rotary power machine directly depend on the stability of the rotor dynamics under extreme working conditions. Under the background, the hydrodynamic seal (such as labyrinth seal, honeycomb seal and the like) is a key technology for controlling leakage due to the non-contact and high-temperature and high-pressure resistance characteristics, a dynamic barrier is formed by the hydrodynamic effect in a sealing gap, the dynamic barrier is depressurized step by step in a gas turbine to reduce gas leakage, or a gas film balance axial force is generated in a compressor, so that the mechanical efficiency and the service life are remarkably improved. However, the dynamic characteristics of hydrodynamic seals (e.g., equivalent stiffness, damping coefficient) have profound effects on rotor system stability, and their parameter measurement and calculation present multiple challenges in that fluid flow in the seal gap involves multiple physical field strength couplings of turbulence, compressibility, and thermal effects. The traditional theoretical model has a simplified error due to neglecting transient effect and three-dimensional flow characteristics, experimental measurement is limited due to high-temperature and high-pressure environment, and dynamic parameters are difficult to directly obtain. The high sensitivity of the parameters to the operating conditions further amplifies the uncertainty of the design and simulation. These problems exacerbate the risk of stability prediction bias in rotor-seal systems, which may induce vibration instability or force excessive conservation of design sacrificing efficiency, and also restrict the construction of high-precision digital twin models. Therefore, it is necessary to simulate disturbance such as exciting force and unbalance force applied to the rotor in actual operation by the high-precision dynamic excitation device. The active controllable excitation device is used for applying broadband excitation (0-several kHz) to the rotor, and the frequency-dependent characteristic of separating the sealing rigidity and damping from the high-dimensional response data by combining an algorithm (such as a sparse identification technology) has great engineering significance. The traditional sealing test bench cannot be directly identified by exciting the shell, but is required to measure impedance (dynamic stiffness) in a state of not passing through a fluid medium in advance, and then the indirect parameter identification is carried out by relying on a multi-step iterative algorithm. Secondly, the conventional magnetic suspension excitation force identification method has the limitation of identification accuracy. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a testing device for a replaceable sealing element in a high-speed rotor electromagnetic excitation environment and a modeling method thereof, wherein the testing device can directly measure vibration and received exciting force of the sealing element, and a closed-loop analysis model for parameter identification is constructed by synchronously collecting time domain data of vibration response and exciting load of the sealing element. The method can directly calculate the acquired data, so that the algorithm architecture is obviously simplified, and the introduction error accumulation is effectively controlled by eliminating the intermediate deduction link, so that the overall identification accuracy of the parameters is improved. In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: The utility model provides a testing arrangement of removable sealing member under high-speed rotor electromagnetic excitation environment, the on-line screen storage device comprises a base, a housing, the sealing member, first connecting piece, the second connecting piece, the sensor probe, the shell is cylindrical structure, punishment of from the centre line do not divide into lower half shell and last half shell, lower half shell passes through bolt and base fixed connection, lower half shell passes through the bolt and can dismantle the connection together with last half shell, lower half shell respectively, first connecting piece makes the central axis of last half shell and t