CN-120982257-B - Breeding device and method for shade-resistant disease-resistant nutrient varieties of middle-high altitude corns

CN120982257BCN 120982257 BCN120982257 BCN 120982257BCN-120982257-B

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of corn breeding, in particular to a device and a method for breeding a shadow-resistant and disease-resistant nutrient variety of middle-high altitude corn, which comprises a swinging plate and a multispectral imaging module suspended above the swinging plate, wherein a plurality of material tanks are formed in the top surface of the swinging plate in a dot matrix mode and are used for independently placing corn kernels, and the multispectral imaging module consists of LED lamps in an annular array, a visible light camera, a near infrared sensor and an ultraviolet excitation light source. According to the invention, RGB, NIR, UV three-channel images of the seeds are synchronously acquired through the multispectral imaging module, unqualified corn seed distribution coordinates are obtained through a morphological analysis algorithm arranged in the image processing unit, the connecting pipe, the air hole and the air pipe are correspondingly communicated through the power-on work of the touch electromagnet of the image processing unit, and meanwhile, the air pump is started to supply air to each air pipe, so that the corn seeds in the identified material grooves are blown out, and the accuracy and the efficiency of screening the seeds of the shade-resistant disease-resistant nutrient products are improved.

Inventors

YIN HANBIAO
Tian Enkuo
ZHOU KEQING
HUANG YIBO
LIU YANQING
ZHOU LEI

Assignees

云南银谷种业科技有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20250928

Claims (10)

1. The shading and disease-resistant corn variety breeding device suitable for the medium-high altitude areas is characterized by comprising a storage table and a multispectral imaging module suspended above the storage table, wherein the storage table is formed by clamping a bracket and a storage plate, a plurality of material tanks are formed in a dot matrix mode on the top surface of the storage plate and are used for independently placing corn seeds, the multispectral imaging module consists of LED lamps in an annular array, a visible light camera, a near infrared sensor and an ultraviolet excitation light source and is used for synchronously acquiring RGB, NIR, UV three-channel images of the seeds, and a morphological analysis algorithm is built in an image processing unit and is used for extracting two-dimensional projection area, three-dimensional curvature, embryo occupation ratio and surface texture defect rate data of the seeds to obtain unqualified corn seed distribution coordinates; A plurality of rows of air blowing groups are arranged right below the object placing table and used for receiving coordinate information fed back by the image processing unit and blowing air to the material grooves correspondingly so as to separate unqualified corn seeds; The sealing piece consists of a connecting pipe for connecting the material tank and the air pipes, sealing blocks horizontally penetrating and inserting into the inner wall of the connecting pipe and electromagnets for opening the connecting pipe by the magnetic sealing blocks, wherein the image processing unit is used for touching the electromagnets to supply electricity and simultaneously starting the air pump to supply air to each air pipe so as to blow out corn kernels in the identified material tank.
2. The shadow-resistant disease-resistant corn variety breeding device suitable for the medium-high altitude areas according to claim 1, wherein the size of the material tank is 5 multiplied by 5mm, an air hole which is in butt joint with the connecting pipe is formed in the center of the bottom surface of the material tank, a plurality of branch pipes are arranged on the top surface of the air pipe in an equidistant communication mode, and the branch pipes are in sleeve joint fit with the bottom end of the connecting pipe.
3. The device for breeding the shade-resistant and disease-resistant corn varieties suitable for the medium-high altitude areas according to claim 2, wherein an opening is formed in one side wall of the connecting pipe and extends to the inner side wall of the connecting pipe, the size of the opening is larger than that of the inner wall of the connecting pipe, the sealing block is in fit connection with the opening, an elastic piece is embedded in the inner end of the sealing block, and the elastic piece penetrates through the inner side wall of the connecting pipe.
4. The shading and disease-resistant corn variety breeding device suitable for the medium-high altitude areas is characterized in that a fixing sleeve is tightly sleeved on the outer wall of an opening of the connecting pipe, the outer end of the elastic piece is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the fixing sleeve, a block placing box is communicated with the side wall of the fixing sleeve, a magnetic placing sleeve is communicated with the outer end of the block placing box, flexible circuit strips are arranged on the bottom surface of the bracket and on one side of each row of material tanks, and a plurality of electromagnets of each row are electrically connected with the flexible circuit on one side of the electromagnets.
5. The shadow-resistant disease-resistant corn variety breeding device suitable for medium-high altitude areas of claim 4, wherein guide rail frames are arranged above the front end and the rear end of the bracket, a pair of guide rail frames are connected with a discharging group in a sliding manner, the discharging group comprises a storage box, a rotating box communicated with the lower port of the storage box and a discharging roller which is connected with the rotating box in an adapting manner, the outer side of the discharging roller is provided with a plurality of circular equidistant collecting grooves, and the quantity and the distance of each row of collecting grooves along the axial direction of the discharging roller are in one-to-one correspondence with the quantity and the distance of each row of collecting grooves on the top surface of the placing plate.
6. The shadow-resistant disease-resistant corn variety breeding device suitable for medium-high altitude areas of claim 5, wherein transmission gears are sleeved at two ends of a central shaft of the unloading roller, the number of the collection grooves in each circle is n, the number of teeth of the transmission gears is 2n, n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 4, the teeth of the transmission gears are correspondingly arranged at the positions of a plurality of collection grooves in each circle and between every two adjacent collection grooves, the front and rear positions of the top surface of the bracket are respectively provided with an unloading rack, the number of the material grooves in each row is m, the number of tooth grooves of the unloading racks is 2m-1, m is greater than 2n, the tooth grooves of the unloading racks are uniformly distributed among a plurality of rows of material grooves, and the transmission gears are in fit engagement with the unloading racks.
7. The shading and disease-resistant corn variety breeding device suitable for the medium-high altitude areas, according to claim 6, is characterized in that a hole plug is sleeved in the upper half part of the air hole, a split is arranged in the center of the hole plug, sliding blocks are symmetrically arranged on the front end face and the rear end face of the storage box, and the sliding blocks are correspondingly inserted and slid with the guide rail frame.
8. A method for breeding a shading and disease-resistant corn variety suitable for a middle-high altitude area, which uses the shading and disease-resistant corn variety breeding device suitable for the middle-high altitude area according to any one of claims 1 to 7, and is characterized by comprising the following steps: S1, placing cleaned corn kernels to be detected in a plurality of material tanks of a material placing plate; s2, synchronously acquiring RGB, NIR, UV three-channel images of the seeds by matching a camera, a near infrared sensor and an ultraviolet excitation light source of a multispectral imaging module, wherein the resolution is not lower than 0.01 mm/pixel; S3, calculating an activity index of the embryo part of the corn kernels, wherein kernels with embryo ratio more than or equal to 15% and NIR absorbance slope more than 2.5 are marked as high nutrient products; S4, detecting surface defects, namely judging that grains with 420-480nm wave band fluorescence intensity of more than 1000a.u. appear in a UV channel as bacteria-carrying risk products; S5, establishing a real-time mapping module with a plurality of material tanks through a vision system of a camera, and obtaining coordinates of the material tank where the unqualified grains are located according to the analysis result of the step S4 so as to trigger a sealing piece below the material tank to be opened; S6, simultaneously starting an air pump to supply air to the material tank opened in the step S5, further blowing out unqualified corn kernels, and then extracting the placing plate to fall the qualified corn kernels for collection.
9. The method for breeding a shade-resistant and disease-resistant corn variety suitable for medium-high altitude areas according to claim 8, wherein the step S1 comprises the steps of: S11, pouring corn kernels into the storage box and pushing the storage box to pass above the object placing plate; and S12, in the process, the transmission gears at the two ends of the unloading roller are meshed with a pair of unloading racks, so that the unloading roller is driven to rotate to collect materials and correspondingly unload the materials into the material groove.
10. The method for breeding a shade-resistant and disease-resistant corn variety suitable for medium-high altitude areas according to claim 9, wherein the verification method of the embryo activity index in step S3 is as follows: s31, randomly selecting 10% corn kernels for germination experiments, and establishing a linear regression model of the NIR absorbance slope and the germination rate in 7 days; s32, carrying out PCR detection on the seeds with bacteria judged by the UV channel, and verifying the correlation between the fluorescence intensity and the DNA copy number of fusarium; s33, judging the qualification of the corn kernels through the index comprehensive scoring formula: s=0.4×color score +. 0.3×embryo Activity+0.2 x surface defectivity+0.1 x morphological symmetry; and setting a threshold value, wherein S is more than or equal to 80 and is classified as qualified products, and S <60 is classified as unqualified products.

Description

Breeding device and method for shade-resistant disease-resistant nutrient varieties of middle-high altitude corns Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of corn breeding, in particular to a device and a method for breeding a shade-resistant disease-resistant nutrient variety of middle-high altitude corn. Background Seed selection plays a critical role in agricultural science experiments, and is a key link for evaluating the characteristic features of crop varieties. The accuracy and reliability of seed selection are directly related to the results of breeding experiments and the correct evaluation of crop variety biological characteristics by breeders. The utility model provides a device of breeding of high-quality disease-resistant maize variety is disclosed to application number CN202322517445.4, its technical scheme main points are including connecting closing mechanism, screening subassembly, select a seed box and vibrating motor, connecting closing mechanism includes coupling assembling, upset subassembly and closing member, coupling assembling can play the effect of rotating the connection to the upset subassembly, can play the effect of fixing the upset subassembly simultaneously, the upset subassembly can play and select a seed box and connect fixed effect, thereby can play and select a seed box top to carry out confined effect, closing member can play and select a seed box front side to carry out confined effect, thereby cooperate the upset subassembly to use, reach and select a seed box and carry out comprehensive confined effect, thereby can prevent the material in select a seed box when selecting corn seeds and produce the effect of splashing, screening subassembly can play the effect of storing the corn seeds that selects. The corn variety breeding device realizes seed sorting mainly through a closed breeding box combined with vibration screening, and has the technical defects that: relying on artificial experience to judge that intrinsic characters such as shade resistance, disease resistance, nutrient efficiency and the like cannot be accurately identified only by visual or simple mechanical screening; the lack of multi-dimensional detection makes it difficult to distinguish surface defects such as disease from intrinsic quality such as embryo viability; The separation precision is low, the vibration screen is adopted for separation, the mechanical damage to the seeds is easy to cause, and the precise removal of single seeds cannot be realized. The problems cause that the prior device is difficult to meet the core requirements of the corn variety breeding in the middle-high altitude area on the precision, the automation and the environmental adaptability. Disclosure of Invention In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a device and a method for breeding a shadow-resistant disease-resistant nutrient variety of middle-high altitude corn, which are characterized in that a gear-rack transmission unloading roller rotates on a swinging plate, a material collecting groove is accurately aligned with a material groove to realize automatic independent laying of seeds, and a RGB, NIR, UV three-channel imaging module is integrated to synchronously acquire the forms, embryo activities and disease marks of the seeds, so that the full-dimension detection from appearance to internal quality is completed to solve the problems in the prior art. In order to achieve the purpose, on the one hand, the invention provides a medium-high altitude corn shading-resistant and disease-resistant nutrient variety breeding device, which comprises a storage table and a multispectral imaging module suspended above the storage table, wherein the storage table is formed by clamping a bracket and a storage plate, a plurality of material tanks are formed in the top surface of the storage plate in a dot matrix mode and are used for independently placing corn seeds; A plurality of rows of air blowing groups are arranged right below the object placing table and used for receiving coordinate information fed back by the image processing unit and blowing air to the material grooves correspondingly so as to separate unqualified corn seeds; The sealing piece consists of a connecting pipe for connecting the material tank and the air pipes, sealing blocks horizontally penetrating and inserting into the inner wall of the connecting pipe and electromagnets for opening the connecting pipe by the magnetic sealing blocks, wherein the image processing unit is used for touching the electromagnets to supply electricity and simultaneously starting the air pump to supply air to each air pipe so as to blow out corn kernels in the identified material tank. The combined storage table and the vision system are arranged, corn kernels are independently placed, so that the vision system shoots a precise top view, RGB, NIR, UV three-channel images of the kernels are synchronously acquired through