CN-121083458-B - Ultra-precise small-caliber optical grinding machine integrating polishing function and processing technology thereof

CN121083458BCN 121083458 BCN121083458 BCN 121083458BCN-121083458-B

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of ultra-precise optical grinding machines, and provides an ultra-precise small-caliber optical grinding machine integrating a polishing function and a processing technology thereof. The small-caliber optical grinder realizes micron-sized feeding and single-point grinding through multi-axis cooperative movement, and meanwhile, the grinding force moment of the B-axis hydrostatic turntable is easier to meet the cutting force moment formed by grinding force due to the position distribution of a grinding wheel shaft of a machine tool, a high-speed grinding main shaft and the B-axis hydrostatic turntable, so that the precision stability of the machined surface of an optical part is improved, and the problems that a strong interference geometric member and a thin-wall fragile piece are fragile in a rough grinding process and the polishing process is low in efficiency are solved. The workpiece hydrostatic spindle clamps the bar through the clamp with the cavity inside, the workpiece can be cut off after machining, and part of bar with the residual length in the clamp can be pulled out to machine the next workpiece, so that the problem that the current ultra-precise machine tool is difficult to realize small-batch machining through one-time clamping of the optical element bar is solved, and the machining precision and the machining efficiency are improved.

Inventors

LI YUNFEI
LI BAOZHEN
WU DONGXU
ZHAO XUEFEI
HUANG XIAOLU
ZHANG MINGYUE
TIAN ZIJIE

Assignees

通用技术集团机床工程研究院有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20250919

Claims (9)

1. An ultra-precise small-caliber optical grinder integrating a polishing function, which is characterized by comprising: a machine tool body (10); The main support assembly comprises a main support body (90) and a plurality of air passive vibration isolators (91), wherein the air passive vibration isolators (91) are vertically and alternately arranged at the upper part of the main support body (90), and the upper ends of the air passive vibration isolators (91) are connected with the main support body (10); An X-axis hydrostatic guideway hydrostatic unit (20), wherein the X-axis hydrostatic guideway hydrostatic unit (20) is arranged at the upper part of the machine tool main body (10) along the X axis; a Z-axis hydrostatic guideway hydrostatic unit (30), wherein the Z-axis hydrostatic guideway hydrostatic unit (30) is arranged at the upper part of the machine tool main body (10) along the Z axis; The B-axis hydrostatic turntable (40), the B-axis hydrostatic turntable (40) is arranged on the upper part of the Z-axis hydrostatic guideway hydrostatic unit (30), a high-speed grinding spindle (50) is arranged on the upper part of the B-axis hydrostatic turntable (40), the B-axis hydrostatic turntable (40) is used for driving the high-speed grinding spindle (50) to rotate around the B axis, and the high-speed grinding spindle (50) is used for installing a grinding wheel and driving the grinding wheel to rotate around the C axis; A vertical driving unit (60), wherein the vertical driving unit (60) is arranged at the upper part of the X-axis hydrostatic guideway hydrostatic unit (20); The workpiece static pressure spindle (70) is arranged on one side of the vertical driving unit (60), the workpiece static pressure spindle (70) is located above the B-axis hydrostatic turntable (40), the workpiece static pressure spindle (70) is provided with a clamp (71), the inside of the clamp (71) is hollow and is used for manually drawing out bars, the clamp (71) clamps the bars to process a plurality of workpieces by one bar, the vertical driving unit (60) is used for driving the workpiece static pressure spindle (70) to move along the Y axis, the workpiece static pressure spindle (70) is provided with an acoustic emission sensor, the acoustic emission sensor is used for detecting AE signals of a grinding wheel, and quick tool setting and collision prevention of a machine tool are realized through the acoustic emission sensor.
2. The ultra-precise small-caliber optical grinder integrating the polishing function according to claim 1, wherein the vertical driving unit (60) comprises: The mounting frame (62) is arranged at the upper part of the X-axis hydrostatic guideway hydrostatic unit (20); the vertical Y-axis (61), the vertical Y-axis (61) set up in one side of mounting bracket (62), the slide carriage of vertical Y-axis (61) with work piece hydrostatic spindle (70) are connected, vertical Y-axis (61) are used for driving work piece hydrostatic spindle (70) follow Y-axis motion.
3. The ultra-precise small-caliber optical grinder integrating the polishing function according to claim 1, further comprising: An electric control cabinet; The outer support (80), outer support (80) enclose and locate the periphery of main support frame subassembly, the upper portion of outer support (80) is provided with the opening, lathe main part (10) are stretched out from the opening, automatically controlled cabinet set up in the upper portion of outer support (80).
4.A polishing function integrated ultra-precise small-caliber optical grinder according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a grinding fine adjustment mechanism (41) is provided at an upper portion of the B-axis hydrostatic turntable (40), and the high-speed grinding spindle (50) is provided at an upper portion of the grinding fine adjustment mechanism (41).
5. An ultra-precise small-caliber optical grinding machine integrated with a polishing function according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein two water return holes (11) are formed in the machine tool main body (10), the two water return holes (11) are symmetrically arranged, and the two water return holes (11) are respectively located at two sides of the Z-axis hydrostatic guideway hydrostatic unit (30) close to one end of the X-axis hydrostatic guideway hydrostatic unit (20).
6. A polishing function integrated ultra-precise small-caliber optical grinder according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that an acoustic emission sensor is provided on the workpiece hydrostatic spindle (70) for detecting AE signals of a grinding wheel.
7. A polishing function integrated ultra-precise small-caliber optical grinder according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the high-speed grinding spindle (50) is provided with a grinding wheel spindle, and the coordinate point of the grinding wheel spindle clamping grinding wheel is located on the intersection point of the axis of the high-speed grinding spindle (50) and the axis of the B-axis hydrostatic turntable (40).
8. A processing process of the ultra-precise small-caliber optical grinder integrating a polishing function, which is based on the ultra-precise small-caliber optical grinder integrating a polishing function as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising: The method comprises the steps of rough grinding forming, firstly, utilizing a disc grinding wheel to roughen an inner sphere outer overhanging column, then utilizing the disc grinding wheel to remove redundant materials except an outer circle standard, then utilizing an inner contour grinding wheel for rough machining to roughen the inner sphere, rotating a B-axis hydrostatic turntable (40) to a fixed included angle in the process so as to drive a grinding wheel rotating shaft and a workpiece shaft to form the fixed included angle, wherein the fixed included angle is determined through workpiece size calculation, the X-axis and Y-axis positions are fixed in the rough machining process of the inner sphere, only Z-axis feeding is needed, after the inner sphere roughing is completed, utilizing the disc grinding wheel to roughen the outer sphere outer overhanging column, then rotating the B-axis hydrostatic turntable (40) to enable the fixed included angle between the grinding wheel shaft and the workpiece shaft to be 90 degrees, and after the Z-axis feeding drives the outer contour grinding wheel for rough machining to reach a determined position, the rough machining can be opened and coarsely formed by the hemispherical harmonic oscillator workpiece; Semi-finish grinding, namely semi-finish grinding the outer spherical surface by using the inner spherical surface and the inner spherical column of the inner contour grinding wheel for semi-finish machining, semi-finish grinding the outer spherical surface by using the outer contour grinding wheel for semi-finish machining, wherein the rotation angle of the B-axis hydrostatic turntable (40) during semi-finish grinding of the inner spherical surface and the outer spherical surface is respectively the same as the rotation angle of the B-axis hydrostatic turntable (40) during rough grinding of the inner spherical surface and the outer spherical surface, and semi-finish grinding the outer spherical column by using the disc grinding wheel; Finish grinding, namely, the inner spherical surface and the inner ball column are finish-ground by utilizing an inner contour grinding wheel for finish machining, the outer spherical surface is finish-ground by utilizing an outer contour grinding wheel for finish machining, the rotation angle of a B-axis hydrostatic turntable (40) during finish grinding of the inner spherical surface and the outer spherical surface is respectively the same as the rotation angle of a B-axis hydrostatic turntable (40) during rough grinding of the inner spherical surface and the outer spherical surface, and then the outer ball column is finish-ground by utilizing the disc grinding wheel; the grinding shaft and the workpiece rotate around the shaft respectively in the processing procedures; cutting, namely cutting off the outer ball column by using a cutting grinding wheel to obtain a finished product; Opening a clamp (71) to draw out a bar stock for a preset length, and then clamping the bar stock through the clamp (71); And repeating the steps in sequence until the bar stock is processed.
9. The process for machining an ultra-precise small-caliber optical grinding machine integrated with a polishing function according to claim 8, wherein in the steps of performing the semi-finish grinding and finish grinding, the end surfaces of the inner contour grinding wheel and the outer contour grinding wheel are each obliquely cut off a machined surface at a fixed angle α, and the axis of the inner contour grinding wheel or the outer contour grinding wheel intersects with the axis of a workpiece at the center of the workpiece sphere.

Description

Ultra-precise small-caliber optical grinding machine integrating polishing function and processing technology thereof Technical Field The invention relates to the field of ultra-precise optical grinding machines, in particular to an ultra-precise small-caliber optical grinding machine integrating a polishing function and a processing technology thereof. Background In the field of ultra-precise machining of brittle materials and complex parts with strong geometric interference, currently, the production is mainly carried out by an imported general five-axis machining center. However, the inherent limitations of such general purpose devices are increasingly pronounced in the face of the rigorous processing tasks of high precision optical components and the like. Firstly, the motion control precision and the system rigidity of the final product are difficult to meet the machining tolerance of micron or even nanometer, so that the machining precision and the surface quality of the final product cannot meet ideal standards. Secondly, when processing hard and brittle materials such as quartz glass, the traditional processing mode is extremely easy to introduce subsurface damage such as microcracks and the like under the surface layer of the part, which can seriously affect the optical performance and long-term use reliability of the element. In addition, the equipment has the problem of low processing efficiency, and is difficult to meet a small-batch and high-efficiency production mode, so that the development of the related high-end manufacturing field is restricted. Disclosure of Invention The invention provides an ultra-precise small-caliber optical grinding machine integrating a polishing function, which is used for solving the problems of lower machining efficiency and workpiece fragility in the machining process in the prior art. The invention provides an ultra-precise small-caliber optical grinder integrating a polishing function, which comprises the following components: A machine tool main body; The machine tool comprises a main support frame assembly, a machine tool main body, a plurality of air driven vibration isolators and a control unit, wherein the main support frame assembly is arranged at the upper part of the main support frame assembly; the X-axis hydrostatic guideway hydrostatic unit is arranged at the upper part of the machine tool main body along the X axis; The Z-axis hydrostatic guideway hydrostatic unit is arranged at the upper part of the machine tool main body along the Z axis; the B-axis hydrostatic turntable is arranged on the upper part of the Z-axis hydrostatic guideway hydrostatic unit, a high-speed grinding spindle is arranged on the upper part of the B-axis hydrostatic turntable, the B-axis hydrostatic turntable is used for driving the high-speed grinding spindle to rotate around a B axis, and the high-speed grinding spindle is used for installing a grinding wheel and driving the grinding wheel to rotate around a C axis; the X, Z shaft ensures the stability of the precision of a guide rail static pressure system and the repeated positioning precision of the X, Z shaft by keeping the oil temperature in an internal oil return groove stable so as to ensure the consistency of the machining size and the surface precision, the B-shaft hydrostatic turntable and the X, Z shaft adopt the design of hydraulic oil with the same kinematic viscosity and the same pressure, and the B-shaft center height and the stability of the rotation center coordinate are ensured by the oil temperature; the vertical driving unit is arranged at the upper part of the X-axis hydrostatic guideway hydrostatic unit; The automatic tool setting device comprises a vertical driving unit, a workpiece static pressure main shaft, a clamp, an acoustic emission sensor and a grinding wheel, wherein the workpiece static pressure main shaft is arranged on one side of the vertical driving unit and is positioned above the B-axis hydrostatic pressure turntable, the workpiece static pressure main shaft is provided with the clamp, the interior of the clamp is hollow and is used for manually drawing out a bar, the clamp clamps the bar to process a plurality of workpieces by clamping the bar, the vertical driving unit is used for driving the workpiece static pressure main shaft to move along a Y axis, the acoustic emission sensor is arranged on the workpiece static pressure main shaft and is used for detecting AE signals of the grinding wheel, and quick tool setting and collision prevention of a machine tool are realized through the acoustic emission sensor. The ultra-precise small-caliber optical grinding machine with integrated polishing function provided by the invention further comprises: An electric control cabinet; the outer support is arranged around the outer periphery of the main support frame assembly, an opening is formed in the upper portion of the outer support, the machine tool main body extends out of the opening, and