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CN-121129512-B - Dynamic pressure regulating type intelligent bionic intervertebral disc

CN121129512BCN 121129512 BCN121129512 BCN 121129512BCN-121129512-B

Abstract

A dynamic pressure-regulating intelligent bionic intervertebral disc belongs to the technical field of medical bionic prostheses and is formed by fixedly connecting an upper end plate, a lower end plate and a core component, wherein the upper end plate and the lower end plate are provided with an anatomical curved surface and fixed teeth so as to realize initial stability, the core component comprises a sheath, a partition multi-layer air column and a composite nucleus pulposus, the air column is arranged to be pressed according to physiological load gradient, a closed-loop control system is formed by an internal sensor, a micro-control unit in the nucleus pulposus and an air pump, the motion state can be monitored in real time, the dynamic pressure regulation is realized, and self-adaptive buffering and supporting are realized. The invention has excellent buffering, anti-fatigue, compression and shearing resistance, can be highly matched with the movement of the spine, and can restore the biomechanical function and reduce the degeneration risk of adjacent segments. According to the invention, the internal air cavity structure is combined with the intelligent regulation and control unit, so that the mechanical buffering and self-adaptive behavior of the lumbar intervertebral disc of a human body is simulated, and the internal pressure and rigidity distribution can be dynamically regulated under different load conditions, thereby realizing better load transmission, motion support and vibration attenuation.

Inventors

  • XI JUAN

Assignees

  • 河北科技工程职业技术大学

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20251028

Claims (6)

  1. 1. A dynamic pressure regulating intelligent bionic intervertebral disc is characterized by comprising an upper endplate assembly (1), a core assembly (2) and a lower endplate assembly (3), wherein the core assembly (2) is arranged between the upper endplate assembly (1) and the lower endplate assembly (3); The upper endplate assembly (1) consists of an upper endplate (11) and upper fixing teeth (12), an upper curved surface (13) of the upper endplate (11) is formed by a plurality of curved surfaces on the surfaces of adjacent vertebrae, a lower curved surface (14) is formed by a plurality of curved surfaces on the surfaces of the adjacent core assembly (2), and the peripheral annular surface (15) of the upper endplate (11) is consistent with the maximum peripheral dimension of the adjacent vertebrae; The lower endplate assembly (3) consists of a lower endplate (31) and lower fixing teeth (32), a lower curved surface (33) of the lower endplate (31) is formed by a plurality of curved surfaces on the surfaces of adjacent vertebrae, an upper curved surface (34) is formed by a plurality of curved surfaces on the surfaces of the adjacent core assembly (2), and the peripheral annular surface (35) of the lower endplate (31) is consistent with the maximum peripheral dimension of the adjacent vertebrae; the core component (2) consists of a sheath (21), an outer air column (22), an inner air column (23) and a composite nucleus (24), wherein the sheath (21), the outer air column (22), the inner air column (23) and the nucleus (24) are sequentially arranged from outside to inside and are fixedly connected with an upper endplate (11) and a lower endplate (31) respectively; The outer layer air column (22) and the inner layer air column (23) are respectively composed of an air column coating (25) and a pressure sensor (26), the pressure sensor (26) is arranged in the air column coating (25), and the outer layer air column (22) and the inner layer air column (23) are divided into four parts according to positions, namely a front area (a), a left area (b), a right area (c) and a rear area (d); the number of the outer-layer air columns (22) and the inner-layer air columns (23) is 6-10, the number of the outer-layer air columns (22) and the inner-layer air columns (23) is 4-8, the number of the outer-layer air columns (22) and the inner-layer air columns (23) is 2-6, the critical positions of the four areas allow partial overlapping or crossing, the upper curved surface of each air column is generated by a plurality of curved surfaces of the lower curved surface (14) of the upper end plate, the lower curved surface of each air column is generated by a plurality of curved surfaces of the upper curved surface (34) of the lower end plate, the heights of each air column are different, the air columns are filled between the upper end plate (11) and the lower end plate (31), and the upper curved surface and the lower curved surface of each air column are completely overlapped with the curved surfaces contacted with the upper end plate (11) and the lower end plate (31); The composite nucleus pulposus (24) comprises a nucleus pulposus buffer layer (241), a solid core (242) and a miniature air pump (243), wherein the nucleus pulposus buffer layer (241), the solid core (242) and the miniature air pump (243) are wrapped layer by layer in sequence from outside to inside, the miniature air pump (243) is positioned at the innermost layer, the solid core (242) is wrapped on the miniature air pump (243), the nucleus pulposus buffer layer (241) is wrapped on the solid core (242), the miniature air pump (243) comprises an electric core, an air column control valve plate and a micro control unit, an upper curved surface (244) of the composite nucleus pulposus is formed by a plurality of curved surfaces of the lower surface of an upper end plate, a lower curved surface (245) of the composite nucleus pulposus is formed by a plurality of curved surfaces of the upper surface of a lower end plate, and a composite nucleus pulposus ring surface (246) is consistent with the peripheral outline of the sheath (21); The thickness of the upper end plate (11) is the same as that of the lower end plate (31), the structures of the upper fixed teeth (12) and the lower fixed teeth (32) are the same, the upper end plate (11) and the upper fixed teeth (12) are taken as an example for illustration, the curved surface of the upper end plate (11) is tightly attached to the contact surface of the adjacent vertebrae, and the curved surface is connected with the fixed tooth grooves (121) through the upper fixed teeth (12); The adjacent vertebrae are provided with fixed tooth sockets (121), and the upper fixed teeth (12) and the lower fixed teeth (32) are arranged in the fixed tooth sockets (121); the composite nucleus (24) has a contour conforming to the nucleus of a particular subject.
  2. 2. The dynamic pressure regulating type intelligent bionic intervertebral disc according to claim 1, wherein the width W1 of the dynamic pressure regulating type intelligent bionic intervertebral disc is 47mm, the depth D1 is 33mm, the middle height HM is 9.4mm, the front height H (A) is 8.4mm, and the rear height HP is 5.3mm.
  3. 3. The dynamic pressure regulating intelligent bionic intervertebral disc according to claim 1, wherein the material of the air column coating (25) of the sheath (21) is ultra-high molecular polyethylene material, and the materials of the upper endplate assembly (1) and the lower endplate assembly (3) are high-strength polymers or titanium alloys.
  4. 4. The intelligent bionic intervertebral disc with dynamic pressure regulation according to claim 1, wherein the upper endplate assembly (1) and the lower endplate assembly (3) are manufactured in an additive manufacturing mode.
  5. 5. The dynamic pressure regulating type intelligent bionic intervertebral disc according to claim 1, wherein the thickness HE of the upper end plate (11) is 1mm, the thickness of the sheath (21) is 0.5mm, the length Lk of the upper fixed teeth (12) is 15.0mm, the bottom width WK1 of the upper fixed teeth (12) is 2mm, the top width WK2 of the upper fixed teeth (12) is 1mm, the height HK of the upper fixed teeth (12) is 2.0mm, the lengths La of the end face teeth are 2.5mm, the length and the width Lb of the teeth are 2mm, the length Lc of the teeth gaps is 3mm, the width W2 of the composite nucleus pulposus (24) is 29mm, the depth D2 is 14.5mm, and the height H2 is 7.4mm.
  6. 6. The dynamic pressure regulating type intelligent bionic intervertebral disc according to claim 2, wherein the air column internal pressure of the rear area (d) of the outer air column (22) and the air column internal pressure of the inner air column (23) are maximum, the interval distance between the air columns is minimum to be 1.5mm, the air column internal pressures of the left area (b) and the right area (c) are the same, the interval distance between the air columns is 2.0mm, the air column internal pressure of the front area (a) is minimum, the interval distance between the air columns is maximum to be 2.5mm, the thickness of the nucleus buffer layer (241) is 1mm, and the material of the nucleus buffer layer (241) is an elastic material.

Description

Dynamic pressure regulating type intelligent bionic intervertebral disc Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of medical bionic prostheses, and particularly relates to a dynamic pressure regulating intelligent bionic intervertebral disc. Background At present, chronic lumbago has become an important problem affecting the health of a wide population, wherein intervertebral disc degeneration is the most main causative factor, physical therapy or drug control symptoms are often adopted in the early stage of intervertebral disc degeneration, surgical intervention such as spinal fusion and total disc replacement is needed after the intervertebral disc degeneration enters the late stage, however, the spinal fusion is at the expense of the activity of surgical segments and can cause accelerated degeneration of adjacent segments, and the total disc replacement can maintain partial movement function and reduce the risk of adjacent segment lesions, but has a series of limitations in matching mechanical and biological functions. The current widely used artificial intervertebral disc mainly comprises two designs of mechanical joint type and viscoelastic integrated type, wherein the mechanical joint type mainly adopts metal, polymer or composite materials thereof, the segmental motion is realized by virtue of a rigid structure, but due to the lack of an effective buffer mechanism, the viscoelastic response characteristics of the human lumbar intervertebral disc are difficult to fully simulate, the stress abnormality of the facet joint and non-vertebral structure is easy to cause, the secondary degeneration of the adjacent segments is further caused, the other viscoelastic integrated type prosthesis (such as a hydrogel base) absorbs energy through the deformation of the material, the stress distribution is improved to a certain extent, but the problem of material fatigue, rupture or overlarge deformation and the like often occurs due to insufficient mechanical strength, particularly when the composite load of compression and shearing is born for a long time, and the sinking, shifting and even operation failure of the prosthesis are caused. In daily life, the intervertebral disc mainly bears axial compression and front-rear shearing load, so that the ideal prosthesis needs to meet dynamic mechanical adaptability, anti-fatigue characteristics, movement range matching property and enough structural stability, the conventional design has not well combined the performances, so that postoperative complications are higher, revision surgery is frequent, and the life quality of patients is seriously influenced. Disclosure of Invention Under the background, the design concept of the dynamic pressure regulating intelligent bionic intervertebral disc is provided, the design references the controllability and the flexibility of a pneumatic system, the mechanical buffering and the self-adaptive behavior of the human lumbar intervertebral disc are simulated through the combination of an internal air cavity structure and an intelligent regulation unit, and the internal pressure and the rigidity distribution can be dynamically regulated under different load conditions, so that better load transmission, motion support and vibration attenuation are realized. The intelligent part is characterized in that the intelligent part can respond to the change of the body posture and the movement state, adjust the mechanical property in real time, and simultaneously transmit the movement state data to the client of the mobile phone APP of a doctor or a patient, thereby not only making up the defect of the traditional rigid prosthesis in the shock absorption aspect, but also overcoming the limitation of materials such as hydrogel and the like in the mechanical strength and durability, providing a brand new solving path for reconstructing the biomechanical function of the spine, and providing a solution for the subsequent use monitoring of the implanted prosthesis. The invention aims to provide a dynamic pressure-regulating intelligent bionic intervertebral disc which has excellent buffering, damping and dynamic anti-fatigue characteristics, can be highly matched with the physiological movement range of the spine, and has excellent compression resistance and shearing resistance mechanical properties. By combining the pneumatic structure with intelligent control, the bionic intervertebral disc disclosed by the invention can respond to complex load changes in vivo in real time, and self-adaptively adjust the internal air pressure and rigidity, so that the normal biomechanical function of the spinal segment is recovered, the service life of the prosthesis is prolonged, and the degeneration and postoperative repair risks of adjacent segments are reduced. A dynamic pressure regulating intelligent bionic intervertebral disc consists of an upper endplate assembly, a core assembly and a lower endplate assembly, wherein the core assembly