CN-121222901-B - Forming process and forming system for aluminum magnesium alloy special-shaped taper pipe

CN121222901BCN 121222901 BCN121222901 BCN 121222901BCN-121222901-B

Abstract

The invention discloses a forming process and a forming system of an aluminum-magnesium alloy special-shaped taper pipe, and relates to the technical field of processing of high-performance aluminum-magnesium alloy nonferrous metal materials, wherein the forming process comprises the following steps of (1) prefabricating a pipe blank for pre-positioning; the method comprises the steps of (1) positioning and plugging a push head pipe, (3) supplementing liquid and pressurizing, (4) extruding and deforming, namely, closing an upper die and a lower die mutually, and at the moment, mutually matching and deforming a prefabricated pipe blank under the outward supporting force of high-pressure liquid and inward extrusion of a forming cavity of the upper die and a forming cavity to form a curved surface matched with the size and the shape of the forming cavity, so as to obtain the aluminum-magnesium alloy special-shaped taper pipe. The process can realize one-step molding of the special-shaped taper pipe, can integrally reduce the number of working procedures, reduce the processing cost, and has small dimensional accuracy error and high yield of 95 percent.

Inventors

XU ZHIGAO
Wei Dongda
LI BO
LI JINGMING

Assignees

广东兴迪液科装备有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20250923

Claims (10)

1. The aluminum magnesium alloy special-shaped taper pipe forming process is characterized in that the aluminum magnesium alloy special-shaped taper pipe is a pipe fitting with taper at two ends and a non-circular and hollow flat cross section at the middle part, and comprises the following steps: (1) The prefabricated pipe blank is pre-positioned, namely the prefabricated pipe blank is placed in a pipe head limiting cavity of a lower floating clamping block, then an upper die descends, the upper floating clamping block is synchronously driven to descend and gradually approaches to the lower floating clamping block, pipe head limiting cavities on the upper floating clamping block and the lower floating clamping block mutually radially clamp pipe orifices at two ends of the prefabricated pipe blank, and at the moment, the middle part of a pipe body of the prefabricated pipe blank is suspended in forming cavities of the upper die and the lower die and is not contacted with the inner wall of the forming cavity; (2) Starting a thrust oil cylinder, firstly extending a large-diameter push head from the large-diameter end part of the prefabricated pipe blank, plugging the pipe orifice, limiting the small-diameter end part of the other end of the prefabricated pipe blank in equal-diameter limiting cavities of an upper floating clamping block and a lower floating clamping block, and secondarily positioning the horizontal position of the prefabricated pipe blank; (3) The large-diameter push head is provided with a built-in liquid filling channel, liquid filling is carried out on the liquid filling channel, liquid filling is completed within 2 seconds, the small-diameter push head is synchronously extended into the small-diameter end part of the prefabricated pipe blank, pipe opening is expanded and plugged according to the preset size, a sealing state is formed, and the pressurizing cylinder is used for pressurizing liquid in the pipe; (4) And extruding and deforming, namely, the main pressure oil cylinder further descends to drive the upper die and the lower die to be mutually closed, and at the moment, the prefabricated pipe blank is mutually matched and deformed under the outward supporting force of high-pressure liquid and inward extrusion of the forming cavities of the upper die and the lower die to form a curved surface matched with the size and the shape of the forming cavity, so that the aluminum-magnesium alloy special-shaped taper pipe is obtained.
2. The process for forming the aluminum-magnesium alloy special-shaped taper pipe according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2) of positioning and plugging the push head into the pipe, the output pressure of the large-diameter push head is 10-15MPa, and the output pressure of the small-diameter push head is 8-10MPa.
3. The process for forming the special-shaped aluminum-magnesium alloy taper pipe according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3) of supplementing liquid and pressurizing, the pressurizing treatment means that the liquid pressure in the pipe is increased to 70-80 megapascals.
4. The process for forming an aluminum-magnesium alloy special-shaped taper pipe according to claim 1, wherein in the extrusion deformation of the step (4), the output pressure of the main pressure oil cylinder is 10-15MPa.
5. The process for forming an aluminum-magnesium alloy special-shaped taper pipe according to claim 1, wherein in the extrusion deformation in the step (4), after the upper die and the lower die are mutually closed, the prefabricated pipe blank is subjected to pressure maintaining treatment for 3-4 seconds.
6. The process for forming the aluminum-magnesium alloy special-shaped taper pipe according to any one of claims 1-5, further comprising the step of (5) decompressing, wherein after the extrusion deformation of the pipe is completed, the pressurizing cylinder withdraws the pressure, the hydraulic pressure in the pipe blank is reduced to zero megapascals, and the liquid in the pipe blank flows back into the pressurizing cylinder.
7. The process for forming the aluminum-magnesium alloy special-shaped taper pipe according to claim 6, further comprising the step of (6) returning the push head and unloading the die, wherein after pressure relief, the large-diameter push head and the small-diameter push head respectively correspond to retreating strokes, the main pressure oil cylinder is upward, the upper die and the upper floating clamping block are upward synchronously, and the aluminum-magnesium alloy special-shaped taper pipe is taken out.
8. The process for forming the aluminum magnesium alloy special-shaped taper pipe according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein an aluminum magnesium alloy special-shaped taper pipe forming system is adopted for processing, and the aluminum magnesium alloy special-shaped taper pipe forming system comprises an upper die, a lower die, an upper floating block, a lower floating block, a large-diameter push head and a small-diameter push head, wherein the upper die is provided with an upper forming groove and an upper floating block groove, the upper floating block groove is used for installing the upper floating block and is arranged at two sides of the upper forming groove; The upper floating material blocks comprise first upper floating material blocks and second upper floating material blocks which are respectively and correspondingly arranged at two sides of the upper forming groove and move downwards or upwards along with the upper die, and the first upper floating material blocks and the second upper floating material blocks are provided with upper tube head limiting cavities and upper push head feeding cavities; the large-diameter push head and the small-diameter push head are movably arranged at two sides of the upper floating material block and the lower floating material block; After the upper die and the lower die are assembled, the upper push head feeding cavity and the lower push head feeding cavity are combined to form a feeding cavity for feeding the large-diameter push head and the small-diameter push head, the upper tube head limiting cavity and the lower tube head limiting cavity are combined to form a tube head limiting cavity for clamping two ends of a workpiece, and the upper forming groove and the lower forming groove are combined to form a workpiece forming cavity together.
9. The process for forming the aluminum-magnesium alloy special-shaped taper pipe according to claim 8, wherein one side of the pipe head limiting chamber is used for limiting a large-diameter pipe orifice and is conical, the other side of the pipe head limiting chamber is used for limiting a small-diameter pipe orifice and is equal-diameter, a sealing ring is arranged on the large-diameter push head, and the small-diameter push head is not provided with a sealing ring.
10. The process for forming the aluminum-magnesium alloy special-shaped taper pipe according to claim 8, wherein the first upper floating block and the second upper floating block are respectively arranged at the bottom of the upper die through equal-height screws so as to adjust the same height level between the first upper floating block and the second upper floating block, the first lower floating block and the second lower floating block are respectively fixedly arranged at the bottom of the lower die through equal-height screws so as to adjust the same height level between the first lower floating block and the second lower floating block, elastic pieces are arranged in the upper die and the lower die, and elastic piece installation cavities for installing the elastic pieces are formed in the upper die and the lower die.

Description

Forming process and forming system for aluminum magnesium alloy special-shaped taper pipe Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of processing of high-performance aluminum-magnesium alloy nonferrous metal materials, in particular to a forming process and a forming system of an aluminum-magnesium alloy special-shaped taper pipe. Background Nonferrous metals refer to all metals other than iron, chromium, manganese and their alloys, including Aluminum alloys (Aluminum alloys), magnesium alloys (Magnesium alloys), titanium alloys (Titanium alloys), and the like, and existing Aluminum Magnesium alloys have extremely high "specific strength" (ratio of strength to weight) and are both light and strong. The light weight is a permanently pursued target of aerospace, automobiles and high-speed rails, and can remarkably save fuel oil/electric energy, and improve speed and load. Magnesium alloys are lighter than aluminum alloys, the lightest metallic structural material in engineering applications, and are commonly used for components with extreme weight requirements. The high-performance nonferrous metal materials such as aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy and titanium alloy are manufactured into precise parts meeting extremely severe standards (light weight, high strength, high temperature resistance and high reliability), and are the core requirements of modern aerospace aircrafts, automobiles and high-speed rail trains on performance, safety and efficiency. The special-shaped taper pipe refers to a pipe fitting with a non-circular cross section (such as pea shape, ellipse, runway shape and the like) and taper. The existing special-shaped taper pipe is not processed by a single method, but different combined processes are selected according to the precision requirement, batch size and cost budget. The main current processing routes are as follows: The traditional machining belongs to material reduction manufacturing, thick-wall aluminum-magnesium alloy pipes or solid bars are firstly selected and placed on a numerical control lathe or milling machine, most of the allowance is removed through turning and milling, the inner contour and the outer contour of the taper pipe are initially formed, then precise milling and turning are carried out by adopting a multi-axis numerical control machine tool, and the inner and outer shapes and the sizes of the final special-shaped taper pipe are gradually processed. The processing route is suitable for single-piece, small-batch, high-precision and prototype trial-manufacturing scenes, and has the core defects of low material utilization rate, low efficiency, high cost and difficult processing of complex thin-wall structures. The spinning forming process includes the steps of forming circular pipe or plate blank, pre-forming blank into similar shape with a punching or drawing device, rotating the blank with the core mold in a numerical control spinning machine, applying pressure to the blank via computer to make the blank contact the core mold point by point and line by line to form plastic deformation, and forming the special taper pipe. The processing route is suitable for the scenes of medium and small batches, thin walls and special-shaped taper pipes (such as elliptic taper pipes) of revolution bodies, and has the core defects of high die cost, long research and development period and certain limitation on the shape of parts. In addition, the residual stress in the aluminum magnesium alloy blank is released in the processing process, so that the workpiece is easy to warp, twist and crack, the dimensional accuracy error of the accessory is large, the defective rate is high, and the processing cost is high. There is therefore a need for improvements to the above-mentioned technical problems. Disclosure of Invention In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, one of the purposes of the invention is to provide a forming process of an aluminum-magnesium alloy special-shaped taper pipe. The second purpose of the invention is to provide a system for forming the aluminum-magnesium alloy special-shaped taper pipe. The invention discloses a forming process of an aluminum magnesium alloy special-shaped taper pipe, which is a pipe fitting with taper at two ends and a non-circular hollow flat cross section at the middle part, and comprises the following steps: (1) The prefabricated pipe blank is pre-positioned, namely the prefabricated pipe blank is placed in a pipe head limiting cavity of a lower floating clamping block, then an upper die descends, the upper floating clamping block is synchronously driven to descend and gradually approaches to the lower floating clamping block, pipe head limiting cavities on the upper floating clamping block and the lower floating clamping block mutually radially clamp pipe orifices at two ends of the prefabricated pipe blank, and at the moment, the middle part of a pipe body of the prefabricated pipe blank is suspended in formin