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CN-121270314-B - Composite organic fertilizer based on multi-source waste synergistic aerobic fermentation and preparation method and application thereof

CN121270314BCN 121270314 BCN121270314 BCN 121270314BCN-121270314-B

Abstract

The invention discloses a composite organic fertilizer based on multi-source waste synergistic aerobic fermentation and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural waste fermentation. The composite organic fertilizer comprises, by mass, 20% -30% of pear residues, 15% -25% of coarse residues (5-10 mm) of agricultural and forestry waste power plants, 10% -20% of fine residues (0.5-2 mm) of agricultural and forestry waste power plants, 15% -25% of soybean meal residues, 5% -15% of porous carbon and 0.1% -0.3% of fermentation bacteria. The compound organic fertilizer takes solid waste and agricultural waste as raw materials, and is added with a compound microbial agent for aerobic fermentation treatment. The problems of low utilization rate of waste residues, unbalanced nutrition of the organic fertilizer, low fermentation efficiency and poor nutrient retention rate in the prior art are solved through the synergistic cooperation of various raw materials, the recycling of agricultural wastes is realized, and the organic fertilizer with high nutrient and easy absorption is produced.

Inventors

  • DONG GUOHUI
  • ZHANG CHEN
  • AN DAN
  • Yao Tingan
  • GAO YING
  • ZHANG SHUYUN
  • LEI JIAYING
  • HU YANAN

Assignees

  • 陕西科技大学

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20251016

Claims (6)

  1. 1. The composite organic fertilizer based on the synergistic aerobic fermentation of the multi-source waste is characterized by comprising, by mass, 20% -30% of pear residues, 15% -25% of coarse residues of an agricultural and forestry waste power plant, 10% -20% of fine residues of the agricultural and forestry waste power plant, 15% -25% of soybean meal residues, 5% -15% of porous carbon and 0.1% -0.3% of fermentation bacteria; The grain size of the coarse slag of the agricultural and forestry waste power plant is 5-10 mm, and the grain size of the fine slag of the agricultural and forestry waste power plant is 0.5-2 mm; the fermentation inoculant consists of a No. 1 inoculant, a No. 2 inoculant and paecilomyces lilacinus (Purpureocillium lilacinum), wherein the No. 1 inoculant is formed by compounding bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis), white rot fungi (Phanerochaete chrysosporium) and aspergillus niger (Aspergillus niger) according to a mass ratio of 2:2:1, the No. 2 inoculant is formed by compounding azotobacter chroococcus (Azotobacter chroococcum) and actinomyces thermophilus (spp.) according to a mass ratio of 3:1, the grain size of pear residues is 2-5 mm, the porous carbon is coconut shell porous carbon, wood chip porous carbon, straw-based porous carbon, walnut shell porous carbon, peanut shell porous carbon or bagasse porous carbon, the mass ratio of the No. 1 inoculant to the composite organic fertilizer is 0.06% -0.14%, and the mass ratio of the No. 2 inoculant to the paecilomyces lilacinus (Purpureocillium lilacinum) is 1:1.
  2. 2. The composite organic fertilizer based on the synergistic aerobic fermentation of the multi-source waste according to claim 1, wherein the grain size of the soybean meal slag is 1-3 mm.
  3. 3. The composite organic fertilizer based on the synergistic aerobic fermentation of the multi-source waste according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the porous carbon is 1-2 mm.
  4. 4. The preparation method of the composite organic fertilizer based on the synergistic aerobic fermentation of the multi-source waste as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: 1) According to mass percentage, mixing 20% -30% of pear residues, 15% -25% of coarse residues of agricultural and forestry waste power plants, 10% -20% of fine residues of agricultural and forestry waste power plants and 15% -25% of bean pulp residues uniformly, and then adding 5% -15% of porous carbon and 0.06% -0.14% of No. 1 fermentation inoculant to mix uniformly to obtain fermentation materials; 2) Controlling the fermentation temperature of the fermentation materials to be 30-40 ℃, introducing oxygen, turning over the materials for 1 time every day for 1-3 days, and entering the fermentation of the next stage when the temperature of the fermentation materials rises to 50-55 ℃; 3) Controlling the fermentation temperature of the fermentation material to be 55-65 ℃, diluting the microbial inoculum No. 2 and spraying the microbial inoculum onto the fermentation material after the fermentation material is maintained at the temperature for 48 hours, and uniformly turning the fermentation material, wherein the fermentation material is turned 1 time every 2 days for 8-10 days; 4) Controlling the fermentation temperature of the fermentation material to be 40-45 ℃, diluting the fermentation material to be reduced to the fermentation temperature, spraying the diluted paecilomyces lilacinus (Purpureocillium lilacinum) to the fermentation temperature, uniformly turning the pile, standing for 7-10 days after the turning is finished, and sieving to obtain the composite organic fertilizer based on the multi-source waste synergistic aerobic fermentation.
  5. 5. The preparation method of the composite organic fertilizer based on the synergistic aerobic fermentation of the multi-source waste, which is disclosed in claim 4, is characterized in that in the step 2), the oxygen concentration is controlled to be 15% -18%, in the step 3), the oxygen concentration is controlled to be 15% -18%, and in the step 4), the oxygen concentration is controlled to be 20% -22%.
  6. 6. The use of the composite organic fertilizer based on the synergistic aerobic fermentation of the multi-source waste according to any one of claims 1-3 for controlling plant and crop diseases or improving crop quality.

Description

Composite organic fertilizer based on multi-source waste synergistic aerobic fermentation and preparation method and application thereof Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural waste fermentation, and particularly relates to a composite organic fertilizer based on multi-source waste synergistic aerobic fermentation, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background With the large-scale development of agricultural industrialization and food processing industry, disordered disposal of various processing waste residues has become a key bottleneck for restricting green development of the industry. The pear residues are rich in soluble sugar (15% -22%), pectin (8% -12%) and crude protein (5% -8%), but the moisture content is up to 75% -85%, anaerobic putrefaction occurs within 24-48 hours if the pear residues are stacked untreated, malodorous gases such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia gas and the like are released (the ammonia concentration can reach 150-300 mg/m 3), meanwhile, the COD value of the exudates reaches 5000-8000 mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen content exceeds 300 mg/L, soil pore blockage and microbial community unbalance can be caused when the exudates directly permeate into soil, and eutrophication is caused when the exudates flow into water bodies. At present, the mode of pear residue treatment by partial enterprises is incineration treatment after drying, but the energy consumption in the incineration process is high (standard coal is required to be consumed for each ton of pear residue drying by 80-100 kg), organic matters can be damaged, and resource circulation cannot be realized. The agricultural and forestry waste power plant slag is solid residues which are obtained by taking agricultural and forestry waste such as crop straws, tree branches, rice hulls, peanut shells and the like as fuel, performing high-temperature combustion power generation in a power plant boiler, and collecting the solid residues from the furnace bottom and a flue gas purification system. The agricultural and forestry waste power plant slag can be divided into coarse slag and fine slag, the coarse slag is mainly solid slag which is not carried by air flow in the combustion process of a boiler and is larger in particles discharged from a fire grate or a furnace bottom directly, the formation of the coarse slag is directly related to the residence time of fuel in the furnace, combustion temperature distribution and the initial size of fuel particles, large-particle fuel is not completely disintegrated and is formed by sedimentation in the initial stage of fuel combustion, the particle size of the coarse slag is usually 5-10 mm, the main components are silicon dioxide (35% -45%), calcium oxide (10% -15%) and residual cellulose (8% -12%), the mass is hard and the porosity is high (30% -40%), a large amount of land is occupied by singly landfills (1.2-1.5 mu is occupied by each ten thousand tons of slag), the alkalinity is high (the pH value is 8.5-10.0), the long-term accumulation is easy to cause the basification of peripheral soil, the fine slag is fine granular slag which flows along with high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion and is captured by a dust remover (such as a bag dust remover and an electrostatic dust remover), the ash content generated in the combustion process is partially and is not completely dependent on the dust content of carbon dioxide (5% -5.5% and the total moisture content is more than 1.5% and the air permeability is very small than 1.5% and is very small in proportion to the total to the surface area of the dust is more than 1.5.5% and the dust is more than 3.3% and the dust and the air-permeable to the dust is only has the air permeability and is very poor to be used for the dust removing device. At present, the agricultural and forestry waste power plant slag is used for roadbed filling or simple composting after being mixed more, and hierarchical utilization is not realized, so that nutrients in fine slag are wasted, and the nutrients of a composting product are uneven (the total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is always lower than 3%) due to the physical and chemical property conflict of coarse slag and fine slag. The bean pulp slag is used as a bean product processing byproduct, the annual production amount is more than 300 ten thousand tons, the crude protein content is up to 25% -35%, the total amount of amino acid is more than 20%, and the bean pulp slag is a high-quality nitrogen source raw material, but has obvious defects when the bean pulp slag is subjected to aerobic fermentation alone, namely, firstly, the carbon nitrogen ratio is too low (only (8-12): 1) and is far lower than the optimal fermentation requirement ((25-30): 1) of microorganisms, so that microorganisms are excessively propagated in the fermentation process, a large amount of nitrogen volatilizes in the form of ammonia (the nitrogen loss rate is up to 30%