Search

CN-121336680-B - Foaming matrix suitable for transplanting and planting large root system plants and preparation method and application thereof

CN121336680BCN 121336680 BCN121336680 BCN 121336680BCN-121336680-B

Abstract

The invention discloses a foaming matrix suitable for transplanting and planting large-root plants, a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of new materials. The foaming matrix comprises the following components of 20-30 parts of isocyanate, 100 parts of plant modified glue, 3-5 parts of emulsifying agent, 1-2 parts of softening agent, 10-15 parts of filling matrix and 50-70 parts of water. The invention has the advantages that the raw materials of the foaming matrix can be directly poured onto plant root systems for low-temperature foaming, the characteristics and the performances are stable, the surface of the foaming matrix has no skinning and closed pore defects, grease can not be generated inside the foaming matrix to block root respiratory passages, the transplanting survival rate of large root plants is high, in addition, the invention adopts garden waste to treat the filling matrix with stable characteristics to replace peat soil for the raw materials of the foaming matrix, can provide plant growth nutrients, can ensure the characteristics and the performances of the foaming matrix to be stable, reduces the cost and simultaneously realizes the utilization of garden waste.

Inventors

  • ZHANG WEIHAI
  • ZHONG CANHUI
  • LIU WEN
  • Li Zhuotong
  • HE HAIYIN
  • CHEN RUJIA

Assignees

  • 佛山市源态园艺文化有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20251120

Claims (7)

  1. 1. The foaming matrix suitable for transplanting and planting the large root system plants is characterized by comprising the following raw materials: 20-30 parts of isocyanate; 100 parts of plant modified glue; 3-5 parts of an emulsifying agent; 1-2 parts of softening agent; 10-15 parts of filling matrix; 50-70 parts of water; The plant modified glue is at least one selected from maleic anhydride modified castor oil and soybean meal protein glue with the protein content of 40-60% after degreasing treatment, the emulsifying agent is at least one selected from Tween 80 and nonionic emulsifying agent with the HLB of more than 15, and the softening agent is polyether modified siloxane; The preparation method of the filling matrix comprises the following steps: Crushing garden waste into granules with the particle size less than or equal to 5mm, mixing the granules with urea according to the mass ratio of 100 (0.4-2.4) to obtain a mixture, mixing the mixture with water according to the mass ratio of 1 (2-4), and standing for 3-7 days at the temperature of 28-35 ℃ to obtain a first material; Fermenting and decomposing lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus, candida utilis, bacillus subtilis, azotobacter chroococcus, high-temperature fiber bacteria and trichoderma reesei according to the mass ratio of (0.5-1.5): 1.5-2.5: (2.5-3.5): 1.5-2.5) to form a microbial inoculum, mixing the first material, water and the microbial inoculum to obtain a fermentation material, turning the fermentation material once every 4-6 days at the temperature of 28-35 ℃ for 20-30 days, wherein the mass ratio of the first material, water and the microbial inoculum in the fermentation material is 1000 (400-600): (3-5); Post-treatment, namely adding sulfur powder or humic acid into the fermented and decomposed material, stabilizing the pH value at 5.5-7.5, and then adding bentonite with the mass fraction of 4-6% to obtain a second material; carbonizing treatment, namely treating the second material at 150-400 ℃ for 6-8 hours to obtain the filling matrix material.
  2. 2. The foaming matrix suitable for transplanting large root plants of claim 1, wherein the isocyanate is at least one selected from the group consisting of polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanates, polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanates.
  3. 3. The foaming matrix suitable for transplanting and planting large root plants, which is disclosed in claim 1, is characterized in that garden waste is crushed into particles with the particle size of less than or equal to 5mm, specifically, after branches and fallen leaves of the garden waste are separated, the fallen leaves are crushed into fallen leaves with the particle size of 0.2-1mm, the branches are crushed into three-level particles, the three-level particles comprise sawdust with the particle size of 0.2-1mm, middle particles with the particle size of 1-3mm and coarse particles with the particle size of 3-5mm, and the particles comprise 15-25 parts of fallen leaves, 8-12 parts of sawdust, 5-10 parts of middle particles and 15-25 parts of coarse particles according to parts by weight.
  4. 4. The foaming matrix suitable for transplanting and planting large root plants according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation material further comprises fruit and vegetable waste, and the mass ratio of the first material, water, the microbial inoculum and the fruit and vegetable waste in the fermentation material is 1000 (400-600): 3-5): 100-200.
  5. 5. The method for preparing a foaming matrix suitable for transplanting large root plants according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the filling matrix is uniformly mixed with water, then isocyanate, plant modified glue, emulsifying agent and softening agent are added to uniformly mix to obtain a foaming mixture, the foaming mixture is poured into a mould, and the foaming matrix is obtained after standing and foaming at normal temperature and normal pressure and demoulding.
  6. 6. The method for preparing the foaming matrix for transplanting large root plants, which is characterized by uniformly mixing the filling matrix with water, adding isocyanate, plant modified glue, emulsifying agent and softening agent, uniformly mixing to obtain a foaming mixture, washing the roots of the large root plants, pouring the foaming mixture to the washed roots for foam molding, and gradually completing root washing and foam filling of the whole root system at least twice.
  7. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the root system of the large root system plant is divided into three equal area areas, soil in 1/3 area of the root system is washed off, and then the large root system plant is placed in a mould or a transplanting basin, and the foaming mixture is poured into the washed root to be foamed and molded; taking out after 7-14 days, washing off soil in the other 1/3 area of the root system, placing in a mould or a transplanting basin, pouring the foaming mixture to the root system for foam molding, taking out after 7-14 days, washing off soil in the remaining 1/3 area of the root system, placing in the mould or the transplanting basin, pouring the foaming mixture to the root system for foam molding, and completing foaming filling of the whole root system.

Description

Foaming matrix suitable for transplanting and planting large root system plants and preparation method and application thereof Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of new materials, in particular to a foaming matrix suitable for transplanting and planting large-root plants, a preparation method and application thereof. Background The existing foaming matrix for plant growth is generally prepared from polyisocyanate (such as MDI, TDI, etc.) and polyol (polyether or polyester) through polymerization reaction, and plant growth nutrients are mixed in the formed polyurethane polymer. CN111040115A discloses a composite humic acid sponge bionic soil matrix, a preparation method and application thereof, polyether polyol and N-methyl pyrrolidone are mixed, isocyanate is added dropwise after stirring in a water bath under the action of a catalyst, a cross-linking agent and a chain extender to obtain polyurethane emulsion, humic acid and humic acid are compounded in a foaming stage of the polyurethane sponge to obtain the composite humic acid sponge bionic soil matrix, and the composite humic acid sponge bionic soil matrix has the functions of humic acid on plant growth, complexing and adsorbing pollutant ions and light water absorption of the sponge, and the prepared product has light weight, uniform holes and high water absorption and water retention rate, can effectively promote plant growth, purifies water quality, and is safe and environment-friendly. CN105461879a discloses a multipurpose polyurethane effective microorganism solidifying carrier, which is prepared by mixing the following raw materials, by weight, 15-30 parts of polyether polyol, 5-15 parts of polyester polyol, 20-35 parts of isocyanate, 0.31-0.40 parts of catalyst, 0.8-1.0 parts of foam stabilizer, 5-15 parts of foaming agent, 30-50 parts of effective microorganism culture medium based on dry weight, a carrier with high concentration of effective microorganism content, a cross-linked network structure with micropores and macropores, strong water absorption and retention performance, integrates micropore large surface, macropore permeability, hydrophilicity and strong adsorptivity, has good microorganism affinity and high load capacity, and stable structural performance, and can be used for absorbing nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in water and decomposing organic substances, and also can be used as a light and multifunctional plant culture medium for indoor plant cultivation, garden greening and other projects. The foaming massive matrix for plant growth has the defects that 1) the surface crust forms a closed-cell structure, so that the air permeability of the matrix is poor, 2) grease side reaction products with smooth and hydrophobic characteristics are easy to generate in the polymerization reaction process, the breathing channels of plant roots are blocked, and the plant growth is influenced, 3) the reaction temperature for preparing polyurethane by polymerization reaction is higher, generally higher than 70 ℃ (such as CN 111040115A), and a large amount of heat is released in the reaction process, so that the foaming matrix can be prepared and cooled, and then the plant after root washing is transplanted to the foaming matrix, but the mode is only suitable for transplanting small root plants. For the defects, such as the formation of a closed-cell structure by surface crust, the prior art discloses a double-component foaming polyurethane foam plastic for high-ventilation planting and a preparation method thereof, wherein the double-component foaming polyurethane foam plastic for high-ventilation planting is prepared by taking 100 parts of waste polyurethane soft foam plastic particles which are crushed to be 0.1-10mm in particle size, adding 1-100 parts of organic fertilizer, 0.01-100 parts of water-absorbent resin, uniformly mixing, adding 10-100 parts of carbon dioxide polymer polyol, 1-100 parts of diisocyanate and 1-50 parts of foaming agent, uniformly stirring, pouring into a mould, foaming at 10-200 ℃ for 1-60 minutes, and demoulding, wherein the waste polyurethane foam plastic particles are open-cell components, and can replace soil, peat soil and the like as planting matrixes for plants such as flowers, vegetables and the like. However, the problems that the breathing pore canal of the plant root system is blocked by the oil side reaction product generated in the polymerization reaction process and the plant root system is not suitable for transplanting the plant with the large root system can not be solved. The plant with large root system has large root system and staggered packing, the general growth period is more than 5 years, the depth of the root system is more than 60 cm, and the plant with large root system is difficult to directly wash and transplant to the foaming polyurethane matrix and is difficult to survive. Therefore, development of a foaming matrix suitable for transplanting plants with larg