CN-121400202-B - Urban vegetable garden three-dimensional cultivation intelligent water and fertilizer regulation and control system and method based on Internet of things

CN121400202BCN 121400202 BCN121400202 BCN 121400202BCN-121400202-B

Abstract

The invention provides an intelligent water and fertilizer regulation system and method for urban vegetable garden three-dimensional cultivation based on the Internet of things, which relates to the technical field of agricultural management, the method is characterized in that a vertical water migration model and an illumination attenuation calculation method are established by collecting and analyzing layered soil moisture content data, environment illumination intensity data of each layer and crop leaf area index data at different time points in a target monitoring time period, so that the precise control of differentiated irrigation water supplement and non-uniform light supplement is realized. Therefore, the utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer resources and the balance of the crop growth environment can be improved, and the crop growth conditions can be optimized, so that the crop yield and quality are improved, and the water resource waste and the energy consumption are reduced.

Inventors

CHEN CHUNXIU
PAN QIQU
WANG YANPING
WANG SHUO
ZHENG SHUKUI
HE RUI
GAN YUWEI

Assignees

广州市农业农村科学院

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20251112

Claims (8)

1. Urban vegetable garden three-dimensional cultivation intelligent water and fertilizer regulation and control system based on thing networking, characterized by comprising: The data acquisition module is used for acquiring layered soil moisture content data, environment illumination intensity data and crop leaf area index data of three-dimensional cultivation of the urban vegetable garden, and uploading the data to the cloud database through the Internet of things sensor; the water migration modeling module is used for establishing a vertical water migration model based on the layered soil water content data, and obtaining the differential irrigation water supplementing quantity of each layer of soil by calculating the water permeation rate between adjacent layers; The illumination compensation calculation module is used for calculating an illumination attenuation coefficient according to the environmental illumination intensity data of each layer and the crop leaf area index data, and determining the non-uniform start-stop time sequence of each layer of light supplementing equipment based on the illumination attenuation coefficient; The environment regulation execution module is used for converting the differentiated irrigation water supplementing quantity into control parameters of all layers of water and fertilizer integrated equipment and controlling all layers of light supplementing equipment according to the non-uniform start-stop time sequence; the water migration modeling module fits the water content data of the layered soil collected by the data collection module to obtain a water characteristic curve, so as to obtain a hydraulic parameter function and establish a vertical water migration model of a Richards equation; The hydraulic parameter function comprises an unsaturated water conductivity function and a soil moisture diffusion rate function obtained by using a chain rule; the soil moisture diffusivity function is represented by the following formula: ; Wherein, the For the water diffusion rate of the soil, In order to achieve an unsaturated water conductivity, In order to achieve the saturated water conductivity, In order to achieve a volume water content, For the residual water content, the water content is equal to the water content, The water content is saturated and the water content is equal to the saturated water content, Is used as a matrix potential, and the matrix potential is the same as that of the matrix potential, Is a proportionality parameter of van Genuchten model, Is a shape parameter of the van Genuchten model, For the van Genuchten model coupling parameters, In order to provide an index of the distribution of the pores, In order for the parameters to be regularized, In order to correct the factor of the correction, In the state of saturation, the liquid crystal display device is in a saturated state, Is in a residual state.
2. The intelligent water and fertilizer regulation and control system for urban vegetable garden three-dimensional cultivation based on the Internet of things, which is characterized in that the water penetration rate between adjacent layers is calculated by the soil water content distribution at any time and any position obtained by the vertical water migration model; and obtaining theoretical water supplementing quantity by calculating the difference value between the current water content and the target water content of each layer of soil, correcting according to the water penetration rate between adjacent layers, and determining the differential irrigation water supplementing quantity.
3. The intelligent water and fertilizer regulation and control system for urban vegetable garden three-dimensional cultivation based on the Internet of things according to claim 2 is characterized in that the water penetration time is calculated by correcting the water penetration rate and the thickness of each layer of soil according to the water penetration rate between adjacent layers, the set irrigation duration is compared with the penetration time, the amount of penetration water which can be received by each layer of soil from top to bottom is calculated layer by layer, and the actual water supplementing amount of each layer is the difference value between the theoretical water supplementing requirement and the upper layer penetration supplementing amount.
4. The intelligent water and fertilizer regulation and control system for urban vegetable garden three-dimensional cultivation based on the Internet of things, which is characterized in that the illumination compensation calculation module obtains an initial attenuation model from the environmental illumination intensity data and the crop leaf area index data based on Beer-Lambert law and linear regression analysis; Correcting errors of the initial attenuation model caused by uneven blade distribution by utilizing the blade aggregation degree parameters to obtain an illumination intensity attenuation model; the illumination intensity decay model is used to predict illumination intensity at any elevation.
5. The intelligent water and fertilizer regulation and control system for urban vegetable garden three-dimensional cultivation based on the internet of things according to claim 4, wherein the illumination intensity attenuation model can be represented by the following formula: ; Wherein, the ; ; Wherein, the For the illumination intensity at z meters from the top of the canopy, For the intensity of the incident illumination at the top of the canopy, As a basis for the extinction coefficient, As an index of the leaf area, As a coefficient of the degree of blade aggregation, The function is modified for the vertical distribution, For the height compensation coefficient(s), For the total height of the canopy layer, For a vertical distance from the top of the canopy, Is the leaf area index of the i-th layer, For the illumination intensity of the i-th layer, As a parameter of uniformity of the distribution of the blade, As a response coefficient for the density of the blade, Is the number of blades per unit area, For the vertical distribution of the reference coefficients, In the form of a high-level decay index, Is the spatial decay rate.
6. An intelligent water and fertilizer regulation and control method for urban vegetable garden three-dimensional cultivation based on the Internet of things is characterized by comprising the following steps: Collecting layered soil moisture content data, environment illumination intensity data and crop leaf area index data of each layer of three-dimensional cultivation of the urban vegetable garden, and uploading the layered soil moisture content data, the environment illumination intensity data of each layer and the crop leaf area index data to a cloud database through an Internet of things sensor; Based on the layered soil moisture content data, a vertical water migration model is established, and differential irrigation water supplementing quantity of each layer of soil is obtained by calculating the water permeation rate between adjacent layers; calculating an illumination attenuation coefficient according to the environmental illumination intensity data of each layer and the crop leaf area index data, and determining a non-uniform start-stop time sequence of each layer of light supplementing equipment based on the illumination attenuation coefficient; converting the differentiated irrigation water supplementing quantity into control parameters of all layers of water and fertilizer integrated equipment, and controlling all layers of light supplementing equipment according to the non-uniform start-stop time sequence; fitting to obtain a moisture characteristic curve based on the acquired layered soil moisture content data, further obtaining a hydraulic parameter function and establishing a vertical moisture migration model of a Richards equation; The hydraulic parameter function comprises an unsaturated water conductivity function and a soil moisture diffusion rate function obtained by using a chain rule; the soil moisture diffusivity function is represented by the following formula: ; Wherein, the For the water diffusion rate of the soil, In order to achieve an unsaturated water conductivity, In order to achieve the saturated water conductivity, In order to achieve a volume water content, For the residual water content, the water content is equal to the water content, The water content is saturated and the water content is equal to the saturated water content, Is used as a matrix potential, and the matrix potential is the same as that of the matrix potential, Is a proportionality parameter of van Genuchten model, Is a shape parameter of the van Genuchten model, For the van Genuchten model coupling parameters, In order to provide an index of the distribution of the pores, In order for the parameters to be regularized, In order to correct the factor of the correction, In the state of saturation, the liquid crystal display device is in a saturated state, Is in a residual state.
7. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program, characterized in that the processor, when executing the computer program, implements the steps of the intelligent water and fertilizer regulation system for urban vegetable garden stereoscopic cultivation based on the internet of things of any one of claims 1 to 5.
8. A computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, characterized in that the computer program when executed by a processor implements the steps of the intelligent water and fertilizer regulation system for urban vegetable garden stereoscopic cultivation based on the internet of things of any one of claims 1 to 5.

Description

Urban vegetable garden three-dimensional cultivation intelligent water and fertilizer regulation and control system and method based on Internet of things Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural management, in particular to an intelligent water and fertilizer regulation system and method for urban vegetable garden three-dimensional cultivation based on the Internet of things. Background City vegetable garden is used as a novel agricultural mode, and multi-level and multi-dimensional crop planting is realized in a limited space through a three-dimensional cultivation technology, so that the land utilization efficiency is improved. However, the traditional urban vegetable garden cultivation mode depends on manual experience in water and fertilizer management and environment regulation, and the mode is low in efficiency, and can cause problems of water resource waste, low fertilizer utilization rate, unbalanced environmental conditions and the like, so that healthy growth and efficient production of crops are not facilitated. With the rapid development of the technology of the Internet of things, the technology of data acquisition and precise control based on the sensor network is gradually applied to agricultural production, and a new solution is provided for intelligent and fine management of urban vegetable gardens. The existing urban vegetable garden three-dimensional cultivation system combines the technology of the Internet of things to a certain extent to realize remote monitoring and automatic operation, but has a plurality of defects in key technical links. Firstly, the monitoring of the water content of soil is limited to the collection of a single layer or an average value, the water content state of each layer of soil in a three-dimensional cultivation structure is difficult to accurately reflect, and then irrigation water distribution is unreasonable, so that the actual demands of crops at different levels cannot be met. Secondly, for regulation and control of illumination, most systems only rely on monitoring of the whole illumination intensity and a uniform light supplementing strategy, but neglect the attenuation rule of illumination along with the change of height in a three-dimensional structure, and the rough light supplementing mode not only increases energy consumption, but also can cause imbalance of crop growth environments. In addition, fixed parameter control is mostly adopted in the aspect of water and fertilizer integrated management, and the capability of dynamic adjustment based on the growth requirement of crops is lacking, so that the waste of water and fertilizer resources and the insufficient supply of crop nutrition are easily caused. These deficiencies severely restrict the resource utilization efficiency and crop productivity of the urban vegetable garden stereoscopic cultivation system. Disclosure of Invention The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. The invention provides an intelligent water and fertilizer regulation and control system and method for urban vegetable garden three-dimensional cultivation based on the Internet of things, which can solve the problems that in a multi-layer three-dimensional cultivation structure, due to the action of gravity and the non-uniformity of soil media, upper irrigation water rapidly permeates downwards, lower soil is excessive in water and upper soil is insufficient in water, and meanwhile, the lower crops are insufficient in illumination due to a shading effect, so that the crop yield difference is large and the quality is different. According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided an intelligent water and fertilizer regulation system for urban vegetable garden stereoscopic cultivation based on the internet of things, comprising: The data acquisition module is used for acquiring layered soil moisture content data, environment illumination intensity data and crop leaf area index data of three-dimensional cultivation of the urban vegetable garden, and uploading the data to the cloud database through the Internet of things sensor; The water migration modeling module is used for establishing a vertical water migration model based on layered soil water content data, and obtaining differential irrigation water supplementing quantity of each layer of soil by calculating water permeation rate between adjacent layers; The illumination compensation calculation module is used for calculating an illumination attenuation coefficient according to the environmental illumination intensity data of each layer and the crop leaf area index data, and determining the non-uniform start-stop time sequence of each layer of light supplementing equipment based on the illumination attenuation coefficient; The environment regulation and control execution module is used for converting the differentiated irrigation water supplementing quantity into control parameters of al