CN-121444755-B - Greenhouse environment comprehensive regulation and control system based on multisource heat accumulation and release and greenhouse

CN121444755BCN 121444755 BCN121444755 BCN 121444755BCN-121444755-B

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of facility environment regulation and greenhouse energy conservation, and provides a greenhouse environment comprehensive regulation and control system based on multi-source heat accumulation and release and a greenhouse. The comprehensive greenhouse environment regulation and control system based on multi-source heat accumulation and release is used for regulating the indoor temperature of a greenhouse and comprises a wet curtain ventilation and underground heat exchange device, a solar hot water soil heat collection device, a water passive heat accumulation and release device, a heat accumulation wall body and control equipment. The greenhouse environment comprehensive regulation and control system based on multi-source heat accumulation and release can solve the problems that the existing greenhouse has insufficient heat accumulation capacity, low utilization efficiency of light and heat resources and poor temperature regulation and control effect, and can not guarantee annual high-efficiency and high-quality production of greenhouse crops.

Inventors

SUN WEITUO
SU XIAOYANG
WEI XIAOMING
QU QINGLIN
WANG LICHUN
QU JISONG
ZHU QIANNAN
ZHOU BAOCHANG

Assignees

北京市农林科学院智能装备技术研究中心
宁夏农林科学院园艺研究所(宁夏设施农业工程技术研究中心)

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20251226

Claims (8)

1. Greenhouse environment comprehensive regulation and control system based on multisource heat accumulation and release is used for regulating temperature in greenhouse, and is characterized by comprising: The wet curtain ventilation and in-ground heat exchange device is arranged in a greenhouse and used for actively recycling waste heat of air in the greenhouse to improve the temperature and the air temperature of the greenhouse and for ventilating and cooling the greenhouse, and comprises a wind box shell, a fan, a filter screen, a wet curtain and in-ground heat exchange ventilation pipes, wherein the wet curtain is matched with a wet curtain water pump, a wind box air outlet is arranged on the wind box shell, a first end of each in-ground heat exchange ventilation pipe is communicated with the wind box air outlet, a second end of each in-ground heat exchange ventilation pipe is communicated with the indoor space of the greenhouse and forms an in-ground heat exchange tail end air outlet, and each in-ground heat exchange ventilation pipe comprises an in-ground heat exchange ventilation main pipe and in-ground heat exchange ventilation branch pipes, and is arranged in soil at the lower layer of the greenhouse; The solar hot water soil heat collector comprises a solar heat collector, a solar heat collection circulating water pump and a solar heat collection circulating water pipeline, wherein the solar heat collector is arranged outside a greenhouse, a first end of the solar heat collection circulating water pipeline is communicated with a liquid outlet of the solar heat collector, a main body part is arranged in middle-layer soil in the greenhouse, and a second end of the solar heat collection circulating water pipeline is communicated with a liquid return port of the solar heat collector; The water passive heat storage and release device is arranged in the greenhouse and is used for enhancing the heat storage capacity of the greenhouse through passive heat collection and release of the water, so as to further improve the temperature of the greenhouse; the heat storage wall is used as a greenhouse wall for storing and releasing heat; The control equipment comprises a greenhouse environment, an energy controller and a sensor, and is used for collecting greenhouse and system parameters, and comprehensively scheduling and controlling the wet curtain ventilation and underground heat exchange device, the solar hot water soil heat collection device and the water passive heat storage and release device; The greenhouse environment and the energy controller are internally provided with an automatic control program, and the system and greenhouse environment adjusting equipment are cooperatively managed and scheduled according to a preset control flow and mode priority, an environment target set point, equipment control constraint and sensor real-time feedback data; the scheduling rule of the preset mode is that when the greenhouse is in a cold season and the greenhouse has a heating requirement, a water passive heat storage and release mode and a greenhouse heat storage and release mode are adopted firstly, and when the water passive heat storage and release mode and the greenhouse heat storage and release mode can not meet the requirement, a solar hot water soil heat collection and release mode and an underground heat exchange greenhouse air waste heat recycling mode are started in sequence; the greenhouse environment and the energy controller integrate weather forecast information and adopt model predictive control to realize predictive optimization management and scheduling of the greenhouse environment and the energy; The greenhouse indoor soil is divided into surface soil, middle soil and lower soil in the vertical direction, wherein the surface soil is used for greenhouse crop cultivation, the depth range is 0-40 cm, the middle soil is used for actively storing and passively releasing outdoor solar radiation energy collected by the solar hot water soil heat collecting device, the depth of a solar heat collecting circulating water pipeline buried in the middle soil is 40-70 cm, the lower soil is used for actively storing and actively releasing greenhouse indoor air waste heat recovered by the wet curtain ventilation and in-ground heat exchanging device, and the depth of a heat exchanging and ventilating pipeline buried in the lower soil is 70-110 cm.
2. The integrated greenhouse environment regulating system based on multi-source heat storage and release according to claim 1, wherein the integrated greenhouse environment regulating system based on multi-source heat storage and release comprises: The water passive heat accumulation and release mode is implemented by a water passive heat accumulation and release device, wherein when solar radiation exists in a greenhouse in daytime or the water temperature of the heat accumulation and release water is lower than the indoor air temperature, the heat accumulation and release water carries out passive heat collection, and when the water temperature of the heat accumulation and release water is higher than the indoor air temperature, the heat accumulation and release water carries out passive heat release; The solar hot water soil heat collecting and releasing mode is implemented by a solar hot water soil heat collecting device, wherein the solar heat collector absorbs outdoor solar radiation to raise the water temperature in the solar hot water soil heat collecting device, when the water temperature of the solar heat collector is higher than the temperature of middle layer soil in a greenhouse and reaches a set temperature difference, a solar heat collecting circulating water pump is started to drive hot water to circulate in a solar heat collecting circulating water pipeline and exchange heat with the middle layer soil in the greenhouse, and heat collected by the solar heat collector is actively stored in the middle layer soil in the greenhouse; the mode of recovering and utilizing the waste heat of the air in the underground heat exchange shed room is implemented by a wet curtain ventilation and underground heat exchange device; when the indoor temperature of the greenhouse rises to the reference temperature for waste heat generation and heat storage is needed in the daytime, the wet curtain water pump is closed, the fan is started, and meanwhile, the top ventilation opening and the side ventilation opening of the greenhouse are closed to form the indoor air circulation of the greenhouse; hot air in the greenhouse enters the air box shell through the filter screen under the driving of the fan, enters the underground heat exchange ventilation pipeline through the air box air outlet, exchanges heat with the soil at the lower layer in the greenhouse through the underground heat exchange ventilation pipeline, stores air heat energy into the soil at the lower layer in the greenhouse, returns the cooled greenhouse air to the greenhouse through the air outlet at the tail end of the underground heat exchange, closes the wet curtain water pump when the temperature in the greenhouse is reduced to the heating target temperature, starts the fan, simultaneously closes the top ventilation opening and the side ventilation opening of the greenhouse to form the internal circulation of the greenhouse air; The heat accumulating and releasing mode of the heat accumulating wall body of the greenhouse is implemented by the heat accumulating wall body, and the heat accumulating wall body performs passive heat collection when solar radiation exists in the greenhouse in daytime or the temperature of the heat accumulating wall body is lower than the indoor temperature of the greenhouse; The positive pressure wet curtain ventilation cooling mode is implemented by a wet curtain ventilation and in-ground heat exchange device, in summer, when the indoor temperature of the greenhouse is higher than the cooling target temperature, a wet curtain water pump is started, a fan is started, a top ventilation opening and a side ventilation opening of the greenhouse are simultaneously opened to form the external circulation of greenhouse air, dry hot air outside the greenhouse enters the greenhouse through the side ventilation opening and enters the bellows shell through the filter screen under the driving of the fan, after the wet curtain is evaporated and cooled, wet cold air enters a in-ground heat exchange ventilation pipeline through an air outlet of the bellows, and then enters the greenhouse through an air outlet at the tail end of the in-ground heat exchange, so that the hot air in the greenhouse is pushed to be discharged through the top ventilation opening, and the cooling purpose is achieved.
3. The integrated greenhouse environment regulating and controlling system based on multi-source heat accumulation and release according to claim 1, wherein the heat accumulation and release water body is a black water bag supported and fixed by a metal framework, the black water bag is arranged to accumulate and release heat in winter, and the water in the black water bag is emptied in summer so as to reduce adverse effects on the day-night temperature difference of the greenhouse; When the shed is in a symmetrical structure in the north-south direction, the heat storage and release water bodies are distributed on two sides of the passageway in the middle of the shed at intervals; When the greenhouse is of an east-west trend and asymmetric structure, the heat storage and release water bodies are distributed at intervals in the bottom corner area of the surface of the greenhouse a room with a northern exposure; The water body passive heat accumulation and release device further comprises a water body heat accumulation and release circulating water pump and a water body heat accumulation and release circulating pipeline, wherein the water body heat accumulation and release circulating pipeline is connected in series with the heat accumulation and release water body and driven by the water body heat accumulation and release circulating water pump to enable water in the heat accumulation and release water body to circularly flow so as to improve the water temperature distribution uniformity inside the heat accumulation and release water body and improve the passive heat collection and release efficiency of the water body passive heat accumulation and release device.
4. The comprehensive greenhouse environment regulation and control system based on multi-source heat accumulation and release is characterized in that the circulating working medium of the solar hot water soil heat collection device is a mixed working medium of water and antifreeze solution, and the solar heat collector is arranged at the top of a greenhouse buffer room to obtain solar radiation conditions and save agricultural land; the solar heat collection circulating water pipeline comprises an overground pipeline part and an underground pipeline part; The above-ground pipeline part is used for transmitting the circulating working medium between the solar heat collector and the buried pipeline part, adopts a high-temperature-resistant and corrosion-resistant composite pipe or a stainless steel pipe, and is provided with an insulating layer to reduce heat loss; The buried pipeline part is buried in the middle layer soil in the greenhouse and is used for carrying out heat exchange with the soil, and the buried pipeline part adopts a pressure-resistant, corrosion-resistant and ageing-resistant high-density polyethylene pipe or a cross-linked polyethylene pipe.
5. The comprehensive greenhouse environment regulation and control system based on multi-source heat accumulation and release according to claim 1, wherein the bellows shell is made of metal, and the filter screen and the wet curtain are arranged on at least three sides of the bellows shell so as to increase the installation area of the wet curtain and improve the evaporative cooling effect; The fan is a centrifugal fan, and a frequency converter is arranged in a matched manner to respectively meet the high-efficiency energy-saving air volume requirements in an in-ground heat exchange greenhouse air waste heat recycling mode and a positive pressure wet curtain ventilation cooling mode; the filter screen is a dustproof filter screen; the wet curtain is made of cellulose paper base or composite polymer materials; the underground heat exchange ventilation pipeline is made of high-density polyethylene, heat-resistant polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride or polypropylene, and the section of the underground heat exchange ventilation branch pipeline is round or of a groove-shaped structure with increased heat exchange area so as to improve air circulation and heat exchange performance; When the shed is in a north-south trend and symmetrical structure, the wind box shells are arranged at the bottom corner areas of the east roof and the west roof of the shed in a scattered manner at intervals and adjacent to the side ventilation openings of the shed, and the air outlets of the heat exchange ends in the ground are arranged at the two sides of the passageway in the middle of the shed and vertically upwards emit wind; When the greenhouse is in an east-west trend and asymmetric structure, the bellows shells are distributed at intervals in the bottom corner area of the greenhouse room with a southern exposure and adjacent to the side ventilation openings of the greenhouse, the in-ground heat exchange tail end air outlets are arranged in the bottom corner area of the greenhouse a room with a northern exposure and/or the in-ground heat exchange tail end air outlets are arranged in the mid-span area of the greenhouse and vertically upwards exhaust air.
6. The comprehensive greenhouse environment regulating and controlling system based on multi-source heat accumulation and release is characterized in that the wet curtain ventilation and in-ground heat exchange device further comprises an additional outdoor air inlet pipeline, an indoor air inlet valve is arranged at an indoor air inlet of the air box shell, and the wet curtain is arranged on the surface of the air box shell communicated with the outdoor air inlet pipeline so as to enable the outdoor air to be evaporated and cooled when entering the air box shell; In summer, when the temperature of the greenhouse is higher than the temperature reduction target temperature, opening an outdoor air inlet valve, closing an indoor air inlet valve, simultaneously opening a top ventilation opening of the greenhouse and opening a side ventilation opening to form the external circulation of the air of the greenhouse; The mode for recycling the waste heat of the air in the underground heat exchange greenhouse also comprises the steps of closing an outdoor air inlet valve, opening an indoor air inlet valve, and closing a top ventilation opening and a side ventilation opening of the greenhouse at the same time when the temperature of the indoor air in the greenhouse is increased to the waste heat generation reference temperature in the daytime and heat storage is needed, so that the indoor circulation of the air in the greenhouse is formed.
7. The integrated greenhouse environment regulation system based on multi-source heat accumulation and release according to claim 1, wherein the sampling period and the filtering strategy of the sensor are set by a greenhouse environment and an energy controller to support closed-loop control and predictive scheduling, and the sensor comprises: The environmental parameter monitoring sensor is used for monitoring the indoor air temperature and humidity and solar radiation of the greenhouse and monitoring the outdoor air temperature and humidity, solar radiation, wind speed and wind direction; The soil moisture content monitoring sensor is used for monitoring the section temperature of soil in the greenhouse; The system operation parameter monitoring sensor is used for monitoring the wind speed, the air inlet and outlet temperature, the circulating water flow and temperature, the circulating working medium flow and temperature and the liquid level of the pipeline; System status and safety monitoring sensors for detecting system faults or leaks.
8. A greenhouse based on multi-source heat accumulation and release, which is characterized by comprising a greenhouse environment comprehensive regulation system based on multi-source heat accumulation and release, a greenhouse roof, an outer heat preservation quilt, a top ventilation opening and a side ventilation opening according to any one of claims 1 to 7; The heat storage wall body is a brick wall body, a concrete wall body, a composite wall body containing a phase change energy storage layer or a light wall body mixed with fly ash particles so as to improve heat storage and release performance and structural stability; When the shed room based on multi-source heat accumulation and release is in a north-south trend and symmetrical structure, the heat accumulation wall bodies are arranged at the east and west walls of the shed room and are connected with the corresponding roof structures; When the shed room based on multi-source heat accumulation and release is of an east-west trend and asymmetric structure, the heat accumulation wall body is arranged at the north end of the shed room, is used as the north wall of the shed room and is connected with the room with a southern exposure surface of the shed room.

Description

Greenhouse environment comprehensive regulation and control system based on multisource heat accumulation and release and greenhouse Technical Field The application relates to the technical field of facility environment regulation and greenhouse energy conservation, in particular to a greenhouse environment comprehensive regulation and control system based on multi-source heat accumulation and release and a greenhouse. Background In the facility agriculture production, the plastic greenhouse is widely applied with the advantages of simple structure, low construction cost, short construction period and the like, is particularly suitable for the vegetable production in advance of spring and late autumn, but has poor heat preservation performance, limited environment regulation and control capability, weak natural disaster capability such as wind and snow resistance and the like, and can not realize stable and efficient production all year round. Owing to the good lighting, heat preservation quilt and wall heat accumulating capacity of the south roofing, the sunlight shed can produce winter-free vegetables without heating in cold areas, and is important in the out-of-season vegetable planting in north China. However, solar greenhouse land utilization is relatively low, and its limited span results in a relatively tight interior space, limiting mechanized operations. Therefore, the large-span external heat-insulation plastic greenhouse has the advantages of combining the core heat-insulation characteristic of the sunlight greenhouse and the low cost of the plastic greenhouse, adopting the large-span and large-space design, having obvious energy-saving, cost-saving, yield-increasing and efficiency-increasing potential and continuously expanding the popularization and application area of the main vegetable producing area of facility in northern China. However, the large-span external thermal insulation plastic greenhouse has serious environmental control challenges in actual production, and it is difficult to ensure annual efficient and high-quality production of greenhouse crops. Firstly, the large-span external heat preservation plastic greenhouse lacks high-efficiency heat accumulator and active heat accumulation and release capability, can not efficiently utilize the surplus heat energy of the greenhouse, and is easy to generate larger cold air permeation heat loss due to large building volume and insufficient air tightness, so that the temperature environment suitable for crop growth is difficult to maintain at night in winter. And secondly, the interior of the greenhouse is easy to form a high-temperature and high-humidity environment in summer due to the strong solar radiation, insufficient natural ventilation and other factors, and the photosynthesis and normal physiological metabolism are influenced due to the fact that the environment exceeds the tolerance range of crops. In order to ensure the safe overwintering and oversumping production of the large-span external heat-insulation plastic greenhouse, additional environmental regulation measures are required. The adoption of equipment such as an air source heat pump, a natural gas boiler, a wet curtain fan and the like can improve the environmental conditions of the greenhouse to a certain extent, but has the problems of strong dependence on traditional energy sources, high construction and operation costs, incapability of fully utilizing the photo-thermal resources of the greenhouse, single environmental regulation function and the like, and is not beneficial to low-carbon energy-saving production. Meanwhile, for the large-span external heat-insulation plastic greenhouse, a large amount of surplus heat energy can be generated in the greenhouse in daytime and can be utilized, and the energy transfer in time and space can be realized in a potential way of active heat energy regulation and storage, so that the capability of the greenhouse for resisting low temperature at night is improved. In addition, a large amount of available space can be excavated in the facility park and around the greenhouse, which provides possibility for outdoor solar photo-thermal utilization. Therefore, in order to ensure the annual high-efficiency production of the large-span external thermal insulation plastic greenhouse, the comprehensive greenhouse environment regulation and control system and greenhouse are urgently needed to be developed while improving the crop yield and quality and saving energy and reducing consumption as much as possible, indoor and outdoor photo-thermal resources are fully utilized, various environment regulation and control measures are organically integrated, and the comprehensive environment regulation and control and low-carbon energy-saving production of the large-span external thermal insulation plastic greenhouse are realized. Disclosure of Invention The application provides a greenhouse environment comprehensive regulation and control system