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CN-121494664-B - Special compound fertilizer for grain crops and preparation method and application thereof

CN121494664BCN 121494664 BCN121494664 BCN 121494664BCN-121494664-B

Abstract

The invention discloses a special compound fertilizer for grain crops, a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of organic and microbial fertilizers. The compound fertilizer comprises a basic fertilizer and an organic biological fertilizer source, wherein the basic fertilizer consists of sulfur-coated urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium chloride, sodium metasilicate and oyster shell powder, and the organic biological fertilizer source consists of a vinasse fermentation product, a microbial activity protective agent and lignosulfonate. The distillers 'grains ferment is prepared by three-stage solid state fermentation of distillers' grains by adopting a composite bacterial suspension consisting of bacillus cereus salina and bacillus macerans which are sediment of the ocean. According to the invention, through the synergistic fermentation of the functional strain, the compounding of the microbial activity protective agent and the introduction of the slow-release nitrogen source and the stress resistance component, the synergistic effect of the efficient release of nutrients, the improvement of soil and the improvement of crop stress resistance is realized. The compound fertilizer is suitable for grain crops such as wheat, rice and the like, can obviously improve root system activity, yield and stress resistance, and has wide application prospect.

Inventors

  • Xi Fuzhi
  • MI SHOUYING
  • ZHANG YAN
  • MENG DELI
  • LI QUNFENG

Assignees

  • 史丹利化肥丰城有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20251219

Claims (6)

  1. 1. The special compound fertilizer for the grain crops is characterized by comprising, by weight, 10-15 parts of sulfur-coated urea, 20-30 parts of urea, 15-25 parts of calcium superphosphate, 10-20 parts of potassium chloride, 2-5 parts of sodium metasilicate and 3-8 parts of oyster shell powder, and an organic biological fertilizer source, wherein the organic biological fertilizer source comprises, by weight, 35-40 parts of vinasse fermentation product, 5-8 parts of microbial activity protective agent and 3-5 parts of lignin sulfonate, and the preparation method of the vinasse fermentation product comprises the following steps: (1) Taking fresh vinasse, sterilizing, adjusting the pH value of the fresh vinasse to 6.8-7.2, and adjusting the water content to 50% -55%; (2) Adding 5 parts of bran, 2 parts of molasses and 1 part of monopotassium phosphate into every 100 parts of treated vinasse according to parts by weight, uniformly mixing, then inoculating a composite bacterial suspension with the mass of 5-8% of the material, and fully and uniformly mixing by using a stirrer; (3) Transferring the inoculated material into a solid fermentation tank or fermenting box, wherein the thickness of the material layer is controlled to be 30-50 cm; (4) The first stage of fermentation, namely controlling the temperature to be 35-38 ℃, providing oxygen through forced ventilation, keeping the relative humidity of air to be 80-85%, and fermenting for 36 hours; (5) Stopping forced ventilation to make the material enter semi-aerobic state, naturally raising temperature to 45-50deg.C, maintaining the temperature, and continuously fermenting for 36 hr; (6) Fermenting at 35-40deg.C for one time every 24 hr until the water content of the material is reduced to 28-32%, and when pH value is stabilized at 7.0-7.5 and ammonium nitrogen content is lower than 0.15%, the fermentation is completed, drying the fermented distiller's grains until the water content is not higher than 12%, pulverizing, and sieving to obtain distiller's grains fermented product; The preparation method comprises the steps of respectively inoculating the bacillus cereus with the salt and the bacillus megaterium into an LB liquid culture medium, carrying out shaking culture at 35-37 ℃ until the OD 600 value reaches 2.0-3.0, and mixing the two bacterial solutions according to the volume ratio of 1:1 to obtain the composite bacterial suspension; the strain number of the bacillus cereus is CGMCC No. 1.10449, which is purchased from the China general microbiological culture Collection center of China Committee for culture Collection of microorganisms, and the strain number of the bacillus macerans is CGMCC No.1.10115, which is also purchased from the China general microbiological culture collection center of China Committee for culture collection of microorganisms; the microbial activity protective agent comprises pullulan, yeast extract and citric acid, wherein the mass ratio of the pullulan to the yeast extract is 1:2:5, the yeast extract is prepared by heat treatment of yeast cells at 80-85 ℃ for 30-40 minutes to enable the yeast cells to be autolyzed, centrifuging to obtain supernatant, and spray drying to obtain a powdery product, and the microbial activity agent is prepared by adding the pullulan and the citric acid into the yeast extract according to a proportion, and uniformly mixing.
  2. 2. The compound fertilizer special for grain crops according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the sulfur-coated urea is characterized in that urea particles are heated to 60-70 ℃, molten sulfur is sprayed to form a coating layer, and the coating layer is sealed by paraffin treatment, and the thickness of the coating layer is controlled to be 0.1-0.3mm.
  3. 3. The special compound fertilizer for grain crops according to claim 1, wherein the lignosulfonate is sodium lignosulfonate or calcium lignosulfonate.
  4. 4. A method for preparing a special compound fertilizer for grain crops according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of: a. Respectively weighing the raw materials of the basic fertilizer according to the weight parts, including sulfur-coated urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium chloride, sodium metasilicate and oyster shell powder, and uniformly mixing to obtain a basic fertilizer mixture; b. respectively weighing distillers' grains fermentation product, lignosulfonate and microbial activity protective agent according to parts by weight, and uniformly premixing to obtain an organic biological fertilizer source mixture; c. B, putting the basic fertilizer mixture obtained in the step a and the organic biological fertilizer source mixture obtained in the step b into a double-shaft stirrer together, stirring for 15-25 minutes until the materials are uniformly mixed, and spraying a proper amount of water into the materials in the mixing process to control the water content of the materials to be 12% -15%; d. c, conveying the wet material obtained in the step c into a double-roller granulator for extrusion granulation; e. Drying the granular fertilizer obtained in the step d until the water content of the fertilizer granules is lower than 10%; f. And d, screening the dried fertilizer particles obtained in the step e through a vibrating screen, taking qualified particles with the particle size of 2-4mm, and cooling to obtain the special compound fertilizer for the grain crops.
  5. 5. The process according to claim 4, wherein the stirring speed of the twin-shaft stirrer in step c is 30 to 40 rpm.
  6. 6. The application of the special compound fertilizer for grain crops according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized in that the special compound fertilizer for grain crops is applied to the planting process of wheat or rice, and can remarkably improve the root system activity of crops and promote stress resistance and yield.

Description

Special compound fertilizer for grain crops and preparation method and application thereof Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of organic and microbial fertilizers, and particularly relates to a special compound fertilizer for grain crops and a preparation method thereof. Background The chemical fertilizer plays an irreplaceable role in the process of steadily increasing the grain yield. However, it should also be noted that the daily increase in grain yield is accompanied by a year-by-year increase in fertilizer application. Environmental problems such as water pollution, eutrophication and the like caused by excessive application of chemical fertilizers are gradually highlighted, and great challenges are brought to sustainable development of agriculture. Meanwhile, the long-term single application of the fertilizer also causes soil hardening, organic matter content reduction, microbial community unbalance and other soil degradation problems, and the root system development and nutrient absorption of crops are seriously affected. Although the simple biological organic fertilizer can improve the soil structure and promote the microbial activity, the nutrient release is slow and the total amount is limited, so that the high-efficiency supply requirement of high yield of grain crops on the nutrient is difficult to meet, and the fertilizer supply lag phenomenon is easy to occur particularly in the critical growth period. The compound fertilizer is a fertilizer containing two or more than two nutrient elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and has the advantages of high nutrient content, less auxiliary components, good physical properties and the like. The main raw materials of the fertilizer comprise ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium chloride, urea, potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, ammonium phosphate and the like, and nutrients exist in a granular form, so that the fertilizer is convenient to store and apply and is especially suitable for mechanized fertilization. The main effects of the compound fertilizer include balanced fertilization, improved fertilizer utilization rate and promotion of high and stable yield of crops, while the value-added compound fertilizer is prepared by adding humic acid, biological bacteria, organic fertilizer and the like on the basis of the traditional compound fertilizer and by improving raw material proportion and process technology, the value-added compound fertilizer can more fully and fully meet the multidirectional demands of crop growth. On one hand, the use of pure chemical raw materials can be reduced, on the other hand, the water and fertilizer retaining capacity of the soil can be enhanced, and the propagation of rhizosphere microorganisms can be promoted, so that the crop nutrient absorption efficiency is improved, and meanwhile, the soil micro-ecological environment is remarkably improved. For example, CN201510463846.3 discloses an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, wherein the content of active ingredients in the compound fertilizer is 75-100%, the content of total nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 35-47%, the content of organic matters is 20-42%, the content of total humic acid is 10-20%, the content of amino acid is 1-2%, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is 0.48-1.87. The organic-inorganic compound fertilizer provided by the invention is characterized in that three active ingredients of organic matters, inorganic fertilizers and humic acid are mixed together to be compounded and complexed into a whole, the active ingredient content is high, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is reasonable to prepare. For example, CN202110764904.1 discloses a special organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for paddy rice containing humic acid. The fertilizer comprises nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, medium element fertilizer, trace element fertilizer and humic acid, wherein the humic acid content is more than or equal to 20wt%, the nitrogen fertilizer is composed of an organic nitrogen fertilizer and an inorganic nitrogen fertilizer, the mass ratio of the organic nitrogen fertilizer to the inorganic nitrogen fertilizer is 1 (0.1-0.2), the organic nitrogen fertilizer comprises cooked soybeans, the cooked soybeans account for 5-10wt% of the total mass of the compound fertilizer, the medium element fertilizer is silicon fertilizer, the mass ratio of the soluble silicon fertilizer to the water-soluble silicon fertilizer is 1 (0.1-0.15), the silica accounts for 50-60wt% of the total mass of the silicon fertilizer, and the trace element fertilizer is soluble zinc salt. The invention can obviously improve the nutrient utilization rate of rice crops on the compound fertilizer and realize effective utilization of biomass. However, these organic-inorganic compound fertilizers still have the problems of uneven fertilizer efficiency release, unbalanced