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CN-121519204-B - Wave-absorbing fiber based on ion coordination induced growth and preparation and application thereof

CN121519204BCN 121519204 BCN121519204 BCN 121519204BCN-121519204-B

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of composite materials, in particular to a wave-absorbing fiber based on ion coordination induction growth, and preparation and application thereof. The method comprises the steps of preparing coaxial fibers by using a solution containing graphene oxide slurry and MXene slurry as a core layer spinning solution and a solution containing an ion-crosslinkable polymer material and a carbon nanomaterial as a shell layer spinning solution through coaxial wet spinning, and then inducing metal particles to grow or inducing an oxidative polymerization type monomer to polymerize based on ion coordination, so that the wave-absorbing fibers internally loaded with metal particles or internally loaded with polymers are obtained. The wave-absorbing fiber has the characteristics of 'thin, light, wide and strong' electromagnetic wave protection, realizes the structural function integration of the fiber, can be flexibly designed according to the actual protection bandwidth and protection strength requirements, and has extremely strong adjustability. In addition, the invention has the advantages of wide raw material sources, environmental protection, low cost and simple preparation process, and is suitable for large-scale preparation.

Inventors

  • HUANG YI
  • LI YUHAO
  • WANG YANG

Assignees

  • 南开大学

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20260115

Claims (8)

  1. 1. The preparation method of the wave-absorbing fiber based on ion coordination induction growth is characterized by comprising the following steps: s1, mixing a first raw material system comprising graphene oxide slurry and MXene slurry to prepare a nuclear layer spinning solution; s2, mixing a second raw material system comprising a carbon nano material and an ionic cross-linked polymer material with a Lewis base structure to prepare a shell spinning solution; S3, carrying out coaxial wet spinning on the core layer spinning solution and the shell layer spinning solution, and carrying out reduction treatment to obtain coaxial fibers; S4, placing the coaxial fiber in a polar solvent containing metal ions, fully soaking, taking out, placing in a polar solvent with the pH of 9-11, adding a strong reducing agent, and carrying out a reaction under the protection of inert gas to enable metal particles to be loaded in the coaxial fiber to obtain the wave-absorbing fiber with the metal particles loaded inside, wherein the metal ions are one of Ni 2+ 、Fe 3+ 、Cu 2+ 、Co 2+ , the polar solvent is water or ethylene glycol, the strong reducing agent is one of sodium borohydride, potassium borohydride and hydrazine hydrate, the reaction temperature is 50-150 ℃ and the reaction time is 0.5-3 h, and the metal particles are one of Ni, fe, cu, co; Or the coaxial fiber is placed in a polar solvent containing metal ions, fully soaked and then taken out, the coaxial fiber is placed in a polar solvent with the temperature of 0-50 ℃ and added with an oxidative polymerization type monomer for reaction, the polymer obtained by the reaction is loaded in the coaxial fiber to obtain the wave-absorbing fiber with the polymer loaded inside, wherein the metal ions are one of Fe 3+ 、Ce 4+ , the polar solvent is water or glycol, the oxidative polymerization type monomer is one of pyrrole, 3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene and aniline, the reaction time is 0.5-12 h, and the polymer is one of polypyrrole, poly 3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene and polyaniline.
  2. 2. The method for producing a wave-absorbing fiber based on ion coordination induced growth according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the concentration of the graphene oxide slurry is 8-18 mg/mL, and the concentration of the MXene slurry is 25-40 mg/mL; In the first raw material system, the mass ratio of the graphene oxide to the MXene is (2.5-3.5) 1.
  3. 3. The method for preparing the wave-absorbing fiber based on ion coordination induction growth according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, ascorbic acid is further included in the first raw material system, and the mass ratio of the ascorbic acid to graphene oxide in the graphene oxide slurry is (1.5-2.5): 1.
  4. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the mass ratio of the carbon nanomaterial to the ion-crosslinkable polymer material having a lewis base structure in the second raw material system is (1-4): 1.
  5. 5. The method for preparing a wave-absorbing fiber based on ion coordination induced growth according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the carbon nanomaterial is one of carboxylated carbon nanospheres, hydrophilic superconducting carbon black, hollow carbon spheres, ordered mesoporous carbon, carboxylated multiwall carbon nanotubes and oxidized carbon nanofibers; And/or in the step S2, the ionic cross-linked polymer material with the Lewis base structure is one of sodium alginate, carboxymethyl chitosan, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl starch, carboxylated modified polyvinyl alcohol and polyglutamic acid.
  6. 6. The method for preparing a wave-absorbing fiber based on ion coordination induced growth according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the process parameters of the coaxial wet spinning include: The extrusion rate of the core layer is 50-500 mu m/min; the extrusion rate of the shell layer is 100-600 mm/min; the coaxial needle has a size of one of 14/19G, 15/20G, 16/21G, 17/22G, 18/23G, 19/26G.
  7. 7. A wave-absorbing fiber based on ion coordination induced growth, characterized in that it is produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
  8. 8. Use of the ion coordination induced growth based wave absorbing fiber according to claim 7 for the preparation of electromagnetic wave shielding fabrics.

Description

Wave-absorbing fiber based on ion coordination induced growth and preparation and application thereof Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of composite materials, in particular to a wave-absorbing fiber based on ion coordination induction growth, and preparation and application thereof. Background Along with the rapid development of communication, artificial intelligence and other technologies, various electronic devices provide convenience and simultaneously generate electromagnetic pollution problems such as electromagnetic radiation, electromagnetic interference, electromagnetic leakage and the like, so that the normal work of the electronic devices is influenced, and potential harm to human health is also possible. Therefore, there is a need to develop electromagnetic shielding materials that combine the "thin, light, wide, strong" and flexible wearable properties. The fiber material is paid attention to because of the advantages of light weight, flexibility, low cost and the like, but the traditional fiber itself lacks the function of absorbing or attenuating electromagnetic waves, and is difficult to meet the actual application demands. In order to endow the fiber material with electromagnetic wave absorption performance, the prior art generally introduces nano materials such as graphene, MXene and the like. However, the characteristic of extremely easy agglomeration of the nano material affects the continuity and stability of the spinning process, so that the problem of discontinuous or easy breaking point of the fiber exists, and the mechanical property of the fiber is seriously affected. In addition, the conventional preparation process is mostly dependent on a post-treatment dip coating method, that is, a ready-made substrate material (such as cotton, polyester or carbon fiber) is taken as a skeleton, and the conductive material is attached to the surface of the substrate material by soaking or spraying. For example, CN 106400471A discloses a preparation method of a nano carboxylated graphene composite polyester conductive fabric, which comprises the steps of carrying out dipping treatment on the polyester fabric by adopting a solution containing nano carboxylated graphene, washing and drying to obtain the nano carboxylated graphene conductive polyester fabric. The patent application aims at modifying the surface of the polyester fabric, and has the obvious limitation that nano carboxylated graphene is attached to the surface of the polyester fabric, so that desorption easily occurs in the long-term use process, and the problem of attenuation of conductive performance (such as electromagnetic wave absorption performance) is caused. Therefore, how to develop a fiber material with excellent mechanical properties and electromagnetic wave absorption properties is a technical problem to be solved. Disclosure of Invention The invention provides a preparation method of a wave-absorbing fiber based on ion coordination induced growth, and the prepared wave-absorbing fiber has excellent mechanical property and electromagnetic wave absorption property, and has the advantages of thin absorption thickness, light weight, effective absorption frequency bandwidth and strong absorption strength, and meets the requirements of a novel wave-absorbing material on 'thinness, lightness, width, strength' and flexibility. The invention also provides the wave-absorbing fiber prepared by the preparation method, and the wave-absorbing fiber has excellent mechanical property and electromagnetic wave absorption property. The invention also provides application of the wave-absorbing fiber in preparing electromagnetic wave protection fabrics. The wave-absorbing fiber prepared by the invention has excellent mechanical property and electromagnetic wave absorption property, and has the advantages of thin absorption thickness, light material, effective absorption frequency bandwidth and strong absorption strength, meets the requirements of the novel wave-absorbing material on 'thinness, light weight, wide width, strong' and flexible wearability, and can be used for preparing electromagnetic wave protection fabrics. The first aspect of the invention provides a method for preparing a wave-absorbing fiber based on ion coordination induced growth, comprising the following steps: s1, mixing a first raw material system comprising graphene oxide slurry and MXene slurry to prepare a nuclear layer spinning solution; s2, mixing a second raw material system comprising a carbon nano material and an ionic cross-linked polymer material with a Lewis base structure to prepare a shell spinning solution; S3, carrying out coaxial wet spinning on the core layer spinning solution and the shell layer spinning solution, and carrying out reduction treatment to obtain coaxial fibers; And S4, inducing metal particles to grow inside the coaxial fiber by utilizing metal ion coordination anchoring reaction sites to obtain the ion coordin