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CN-121540530-B - Light air gun impact test system with trajectory correction function and test method

CN121540530BCN 121540530 BCN121540530 BCN 121540530BCN-121540530-B

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of research on dynamic mechanical properties of materials, and particularly relates to a light air gun impact test system with ballistic correction and a test method. A light air gun impact test system with trajectory correction is characterized in that an adaptation module is arranged at the tail end of a light air gun, a buffer backing ring, a trajectory corrector and a stopper are sequentially arranged at the tail end of the adaptation module towards the direction of a target plate, the trajectory corrector comprises a correction base, a gradual change section and a straight column section, a sample is subjected to speckle marking by a calibration component and is emitted onto the target plate by the light air gun, a magnetic speed measuring device is electrically connected with an oscilloscope, the oscilloscope is electrically connected with a high-speed camera, a voltage pulse signal output by the magnetic speed measuring device is processed by the oscilloscope and then is output to trigger pulse signals, and the high-speed camera starts shooting after receiving the trigger pulse signals, so that the impact process of the sample is recorded. The test system and the test method can be detachably connected through the standardized interface, so that the universality and the scene suitability are considered, and the operation standardization and the result reliability are ensured.

Inventors

  • CHANG HUI
  • MA JIANYING
  • WANG ZHIHUA
  • HAO HONGQIAN

Assignees

  • 太原理工大学

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20260120

Claims (8)

  1. 1. The light air gun impact test system with trajectory correction comprises a light air gun, a sample and a target plate, wherein a magnetic velometer is arranged on the light air gun, the light air gun impact test system is characterized by further comprising a high-speed camera, an adapter module is arranged at the tail end of the light air gun, the adapter module is of a cylindrical structure, a channel is formed in the interior of the adapter module, the channel is seamless coaxial extension of a launching channel of a light air gun tube, a buffer backing ring, a trajectory corrector and a stopper are sequentially arranged at the tail end of the adapter module towards the direction of the target plate, perforations are arranged at the centers of the buffer backing ring, the trajectory corrector and the stopper, and are coaxial with the launching channel of the light air gun tube and the adapter module, The trajectory corrector comprises a correction base, a gradual change section and a straight column section, wherein the correction base is sleeved outside the adaptation module and is fixedly connected with the buffer backing ring, the gradual change section gradually reduces from the correction base to the straight column section, the stopper is sleeved outside the adaptation module, The diameter of the light air gun barrel launching channel is consistent with the diameter of the channel of the adapting module, the diameter of the buffer backing ring perforation is smaller than the diameter of the channel of the adapting module and is consistent with the diameter of the perforation of the correction base, the diameter of the perforation of the straight column section of the ballistic corrector is smaller than the diameter of the correction base, the diameter of the stopper perforation is larger than the diameter of the perforation of the straight column section of the ballistic corrector, The sample is subjected to speckle marking by a calibration assembly and is emitted to a target plate by a light air gun, the magnetic speed measuring device is electrically connected with the oscilloscope, the oscilloscope is electrically connected with the high-speed camera, the voltage pulse signal output by the magnetic speed measuring device is processed by the oscilloscope and then outputs a trigger pulse signal, and the high-speed camera starts shooting after receiving the trigger pulse signal and records the impact process of the sample; the calibration assembly comprises an I-type calibration assembly, an II-type calibration assembly and a III-type calibration assembly, Wherein the I-shaped calibration assembly comprises a calibration base in the horizontal direction and a calibration sleeve in the vertical direction, a plurality of hollow grooves which are uniformly distributed at intervals are arranged on the calibration sleeve, the sample is placed into the calibration sleeve, marks with the shapes consistent with the grooves are formed through spraying, The II-type calibration assembly comprises a calibration base in the horizontal direction and a calibration sleeve in the vertical direction, a plurality of calibration through holes which are uniformly distributed at intervals are arranged on the surface of the calibration sleeve, the sample is placed into the calibration sleeve, and speckle marks consistent with the calibration through holes are formed through spraying, The III type calibration assembly comprises a calibration base, a lattice sleeve and a slotted sleeve, a semi-cylindrical fixing groove is formed in the calibration base, the lattice sleeve is of a hollow semi-cylindrical structure and is consistent with the fixing groove in size, a plurality of calibration through holes which are regularly distributed are formed in the surface of the lattice sleeve, the lattice sleeve is placed in the fixing groove, the lattice sleeve and the fixing groove form a cylindrical structure, a sample is placed in the cylindrical structure, the slotted sleeve is sleeved on the outer side of the lattice sleeve, a spraying groove with the diameter consistent with that of the calibration through holes is formed in the slotted sleeve, and a speckle mark which corresponds to the position of the spraying groove and is consistent with the shape of the calibration through holes is formed in the cylindrical structure through spraying.
  2. 2. The light gas gun impact test system with trajectory correction of claim 1, wherein the gun tube of the light gas gun and the interface end face of the adapting module are processed and sealed in ultra-high flatness, and are in butt joint through an adapting flange.
  3. 3. The light air gun impact test system with trajectory correction of claim 1, wherein the buffer collar is made of 45 steel and is fixedly connected with the tail end of the adapting module.
  4. 4. The light air gun impact test system with trajectory correction of claim 1, wherein the taper angle of the gradual change section is 2.86 degrees, the surface roughness Ra is less than or equal to 1.6 mu m, the cylindricity of the straight column section is less than or equal to 0.005 mm, the surface roughness Ra is less than or equal to 0.8 mu m, and the length ratio of the gradual change section to the straight column section is 2:3.
  5. 5. The light air cannon impact test system with trajectory correction of claim 1, wherein the coaxiality of a light air cannon barrel, an adapter module, a buffer backing ring, a trajectory corrector and a stopper is less than or equal to 0.01mm.
  6. 6. A light air cannon impact test method with ballistic correction utilizing a light air cannon impact test system with ballistic correction as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized by comprising the steps of: S1, a light air gun launching tube is connected with an adaptation module in a threaded mode, a buffer backing ring is arranged at the tail end of the adaptation module, a ballistic corrector is sleeved outside the buffer backing ring, a stopper is sleeved outside the ballistic corrector, and a magnetic speed measuring device, an oscilloscope and a high-speed camera are electrically connected to finish connection of a test device; s2, carrying out speckle marking on the empty bullets which are identical to the sample in quality and appearance by using a calibration assembly, continuously transmitting 3 groups, and completing ballistic calibration, centering of a high-speed camera and verification of the speckle marking; S3, carrying out speckle marking on a sample to be tested by using a calibration component, installing the sample into a light air gun, starting the light air gun, shooting a plurality of groups of high-speed image sequences by using a high-speed camera, and tracking the Lagrange position point change by using each speckle; and S4, establishing a coordinate mapping relation before and after deformation of each Lagrange position point, integrating the emission parameters, the image data and the mechanical parameters, and generating a test report.
  7. 7. The light air gun impact test method with trajectory correction of claim 6, wherein coaxiality of the adaptive module and the transmitting tube is detected by a laser interferometer, and when deviation is greater than 0.01mm, the screwing depth is finely adjusted until the deviation is less than or equal to 0.01mm.
  8. 8. The method of impact test of light air cannon with ballistic correction of claim 6, wherein the impact point deviation of 3 consecutive times is less than or equal to 0.2mm when using empty bomb calibration.

Description

Light air gun impact test system with trajectory correction function and test method Technical Field The invention belongs to the field of research on dynamic mechanical properties of materials, and particularly relates to a light air gun impact test system with ballistic correction and a test method. Background The light air cannon is used as core driving equipment for high-speed impact test, and is widely applied to the fields of material dynamic mechanical property research, equipment impact resistance design verification and the like by virtue of the advantages of stable launching pressure, controllable initial speed of the projectile and the like. However, in the existing light air cannon impact test system, core pain points of 'module dispersion, poor cooperativity and broken data chain' are commonly existed, and the test precision and efficiency are severely restricted. Wherein the light air cannon is typically designed and installed as a separate hardware unit with low standardization of interfaces between them, and with significant time and effort for mechanical connection, centering and sealing for each test. Each subsystem is often equipped with an independent control system, so that operators need to switch among a plurality of interfaces, and unified time sequence planning and centralized control are difficult to realize. While the success of the experiment is highly dependent on accurate synergy on the order of nanoseconds to microseconds. For example, at the moment the projectile reaches the target point, the high-speed camera must start recording, the laser velocimeter must be started in advance and work stably, and the dynamic strain gauge must be in a trigger waiting state. At present, delay triggers are set by relying on manual experience, and internal clocks of all devices may have deviation, so that key data are lost or invalid. The cooperative error may directly introduce measurement uncertainty. For example, clock asynchronization can result in that strain history and image time labels do not affect inversion accuracy of constitutive model parameters, and a great deal of time is spent on mechanical assembly, line connection, parameter debugging and manual data arrangement, rather than core scientific analysis. The preparation period of a successful impact test can be up to several days or even several weeks, the preparation period is highly dependent on experience and on-site judgment of operators, the risk of human error is high, and the test result is difficult to reproduce under the identical parameters, which is a great contraindication of scientific research. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a light air gun impact test system with trajectory correction and a test method, wherein the system and the method are detachably connected through a standardized interface, and the universality and the scene adaptability are both considered; the method follows a closed loop flow of 'assembly-calibration-test-process', and ensures operation standardization and result reliability. In order to solve the technical problems, the invention discloses a light air cannon impact test system with trajectory correction, which comprises a light air cannon, a sample, a target plate, a magnetic speed measuring device, a high-speed camera, an adapting module, a buffer backing ring, a trajectory corrector and a stopper, wherein the adapting module is arranged at the tail end of the light air cannon and is of a cylindrical structure, a channel is formed in the adapting module and is in seamless coaxial extension of a transmitting channel of a light air cannon tube, the buffer backing ring, the trajectory corrector and the stopper are sequentially arranged at the tail end of the adapting module towards the target plate, and the centers of the buffer backing ring, the trajectory corrector and the stopper are provided with perforations, and the perforations are coaxial with the transmitting channel of the light air cannon tube and the adapting module. The trajectory corrector comprises a correction base, a transition section and a straight column section, wherein the correction base is sleeved outside the adaptation module and fixedly connected with the buffer backing ring, the diameter of the transition section gradually decreases from the correction base to the straight column section, and the stopper is sleeved outside the adaptation module. The diameter of the light air gun barrel launching channel is consistent with the channel diameter of the adapting module, the diameter of the buffer backing ring perforation is smaller than the diameter of the adapting module channel and is consistent with the diameter of the rectifying base perforation, the diameter of the ballistic corrector straight column section perforation is smaller than the diameter of the rectifying base, and the diameter of the stopper perforation is larger than the diameter of the