CN-121566138-B - Dual-band dual-mode ultra-wideband common-caliber conformal antenna for unmanned aerial vehicle communication

CN121566138BCN 121566138 BCN121566138 BCN 121566138BCN-121566138-B

Abstract

The invention discloses a dual-band dual-mode ultra-wideband common-caliber conformal antenna for unmanned aerial vehicle communication, which belongs to the technical field of conformal array antennas and comprises a fuselage conformal array antenna and a wing conformal array antenna which are both composed of identical radiating units, wherein dual-band dual-mode common-caliber ultra-wideband radiating units in the fuselage conformal array antenna are arranged in a closed curved surface configuration surrounding a fuselage, dual-band dual-mode common-caliber ultra-wideband radiating units in the wing conformal array antenna are arranged in an open curved surface configuration extending along a wing, and the fuselage conformal array antenna and the wing conformal array antenna cooperate to provide omnidirectional beam coverage and directional beam switching capability. The invention can simultaneously provide the functions of omni-directional beam coverage and directional beam switching, realize wide-angle-domain beam scanning in a dipole working mode, and realize forward/backward beam switching and multiple linear polarization switching through a switching subarray in a Vivaldi working mode.

Inventors

GAO XIANG
TANG WENFEI
ZHAO LUTONG
GUO KUN
DING CHUANFEI
BU XIANGYUAN
AN JIANPING

Assignees

北京理工大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20260120

Claims (7)

1. A dual-band dual-mode ultra-wideband common-caliber conformal antenna for unmanned aerial vehicle communication is characterized by comprising a fuselage conformal array antenna and a wing conformal array antenna; the fuselage conformal array antenna and the wing conformal array antenna are both composed of a plurality of identical double-frequency double-mode common-caliber ultra-wideband radiation units; The dual-band dual-mode common-caliber ultra-wideband radiation unit in the fuselage conformal array antenna is arranged in a closed curved surface configuration surrounding the fuselage, and the dual-band dual-mode common-caliber ultra-wideband radiation unit in the wing conformal array antenna is arranged in an open curved surface configuration extending along the wing; The fuselage conformal array antenna comprises a cylindrical surface conformal subarray formed by four double-frequency double-mode common-caliber ultra-wideband radiation units, wherein each double-frequency double-mode common-caliber ultra-wideband radiation unit is bent along the short side direction, and the four bent radiation units are arranged in a rotary mode at equal angle intervals around the central axis of the conformal cylindrical surface; the fuselage conformal array antenna comprises three cylindrical conformal subarrays which are respectively rotated by-90 degrees, 45 degrees and 135 degrees around a central axis; The wing conformal array antenna comprises a wing conformal subarray formed by four radiating elements, wherein each dual-band dual-mode common-caliber ultra-wideband radiating element is bent along the long-side direction, and the four bent radiating elements are arranged in a straight line along the front edge direction of the unmanned aerial vehicle wing.
2. The dual-band dual-mode ultra-wideband co-aperture conformal antenna for unmanned aerial vehicle communication according to claim 1, wherein said dual-band dual-mode co-aperture ultra-wideband radiating element comprises a rectangular dielectric substrate, a wideband dipole antenna, and two Vivaldi sub-arrays; The broadband dipole antenna comprises a first rectangular radiation patch and a second rectangular radiation patch which are respectively printed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the rectangular dielectric substrate, and two Vivaldi subarrays are respectively integrated on the first rectangular radiation patch and the second rectangular radiation patch, wherein the broadband dipole antenna is used for supporting a broadband omnidirectional radiation mode of a low frequency band, and the two Vivaldi subarrays are used for supporting a broadband directional end-fire radiation mode of a high frequency band.
3. The dual-band dual-mode ultra-wideband co-aperture conformal antenna for unmanned aerial vehicle communication according to claim 2, wherein the first rectangular radiating patch and the second rectangular radiating patch are parallel and opposite in the thickness direction of the rectangular dielectric substrate, the distance is 8mm, and the lengths are 70mm.
4. The dual-band dual-mode ultra-wideband co-aperture conformal antenna for unmanned aerial vehicle communication according to claim 2, wherein said wideband dipole antenna further comprises an unbalanced feed structure, said unbalanced feed structure comprises a microstrip line printed on an upper surface of said dielectric substrate, one end of said microstrip line is connected with a middle portion of said first rectangular radiating patch, and is bent at a predetermined length and extends to an edge of said dielectric substrate, and forms an unbalanced feed structure of a dipole antenna together with said second rectangular radiating patch.
5. The dual-band dual-mode ultra-wideband co-aperture conformal antenna for unmanned aerial vehicle communication of claim 2, wherein, Each Vivaldi subarray comprises two index conical grooves etched on the corresponding rectangular radiation patch and a common circular resonant cavity, and the narrow end of each index conical groove sequentially passes through one section of elliptical gap and one section of rectangular gap and then is connected with the common circular resonant cavity.
6. The dual-band, dual-mode, ultra-wideband, co-aperture, conformal antenna for unmanned aerial vehicle communication of claim 5, wherein the Vivaldi sub-array further comprises a feed structure, said feed structure comprising: one end of the graded microstrip line printed on the corresponding rectangular radiation patch is electromagnetically coupled with the common circular resonant cavity; The fan-shaped parasitic structure is connected to the other end of the gradual change microstrip line and is used for realizing impedance matching; And the forward end-beam or the backward end-beam is realized by selectively feeding the gradual microstrip line.
7. The dual-band dual-mode ultra-wideband co-aperture conformal antenna for use in drone communication of claim 1, wherein three cylindrical conformal sub-arrays of said fuselage conformal array antenna work cooperatively with wing conformal sub-arrays of said wing conformal array antenna to form a drone conformal antenna array to provide omni-directional beam coverage and directional beam switching capability.

Description

Dual-band dual-mode ultra-wideband common-caliber conformal antenna for unmanned aerial vehicle communication Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of ultra-wideband dual-mode common-caliber conformal array antennas, and particularly relates to a dual-frequency dual-mode ultra-wideband common-caliber conformal antenna for unmanned aerial vehicle communication. Background In emergency rescue tasks (such as earthquakes and fires), a reliable emergency communication network is important for controlling disaster conditions and rescue-trapped personnel. The unmanned aerial vehicle becomes an ideal carrier for constructing a temporary emergency communication network through excellent flexibility. For example, in mountain close-coupled forest fire rescue scenes, in order to improve rescue efficiency of trapped people, an air-ground/air-air communication network with large capacity, high quality and long distance can be built by using an unmanned aerial vehicle group as an air base station. The air-ground communication is used for realizing communication between the trapped people on the ground and the search and rescue personnel. On one hand, the air-air communication supports cooperative communication inside the unmanned aerial vehicle group, and on the other hand, the information is relayed and transmitted to a remote emergency management center through a multi-hop networking mode. In order to meet the above-mentioned air-ground/air-ground communication requirements, the antenna mounted on the unmanned aerial vehicle needs to support two key working modes and corresponding radiation characteristics thereof, namely an edge-fire mode and an end-fire mode, namely an edge-fire mode (unmanned aerial vehicle circumferential radiation → air-ground communication), wherein the main energy of the antenna radiates along the circumferential direction of the unmanned aerial vehicle body, and is used for serving the communication link between the unmanned aerial vehicle and ground personnel. In this mode, because the ground vegetation, the obstacle, etc. are seriously blocked, the antenna needs to operate in a low frequency band with a longer wavelength, and the reliability and penetrability (or coverage) of the communication link are ensured by using the stronger diffraction capability of the low frequency electromagnetic wave. The end-fire mode (unmanned aerial vehicle flight direction radiation-air communication) is that the antenna mainly radiates along the unmanned aerial vehicle flight direction, and is used for (1) cooperative communication among unmanned aerial vehicles and (2) remote networking communication between the unmanned aerial vehicle group and an emergency management center. Compared with the ground environment, the aerial communication environment is relatively open and has less shielding. Thus, this mode may operate in a higher frequency band to utilize the wider potential bandwidth resources of the higher frequency band, thereby supporting higher transmission rates and greater communication capacity. Furthermore, unmanned aerial vehicles frequently change attitude in performing tasks, which can easily lead to polarization mismatch (polarization mismatch) problems for the inter-aircraft communication links. Therefore, the ability of an antenna to flexibly switch or support multiple polarization modes is critical. Finally, in view of the very severe size, power consumption and aerodynamic requirements of unmanned aerial vehicle platforms, the array antenna solution employing a common-caliber, conformal design has the significant advantage of significantly improving antenna radiation efficiency and gain (improving space utilization efficiency) within a limited space while reducing additional loads and air resistance (significantly reducing aerodynamic effects), which directly relates to the quality, stability and effective coverage distance (improving communication distance) of the communication link. In summary, to efficiently support the high-reliability space, large-capacity space cooperation and long-distance relay capability required by the unmanned aerial vehicle group in the emergency communication scene, a high-performance antenna with integrated dual-band (low-frequency space is a target, high-frequency space is a target), dual-radiation mode (side-fire and end-fire) and multi-polarization compatibility and adopting a common-caliber conformal array structure is designed, which is a key link for realizing the above targets. The dual-frequency common-caliber antenna with directional and omnidirectional radiation modes is a potential scheme for solving the problem that unmanned aerial vehicles synchronously realize the requirements on ground and air communication. Broadband characteristics are critical to achieve high-speed, high-capacity data transmission. However, the dual-band dual-mode antenna reported in the prior document has a part of narrow-band design in two frequency b