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CN-121569735-B - Plant factory cultivation method for shortening rice growth period based on carbon-nitrogen nutrition regulation

CN121569735BCN 121569735 BCN121569735 BCN 121569735BCN-121569735-B

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of rice cultivation, and relates to a plant factory cultivation method for shortening the rice growth period based on carbon-nitrogen nutrition regulation. Aiming at the technical problems that the growth period of the existing plant factory rice cultivation method is long and the quick cultivation requirement is difficult to meet, the method comprises seed soaking, germination accelerating, seedling raising, management after transplanting and harvesting, and is characterized in that rice seedlings are transplanted to a plant factory water planting system, cultivation conditions are synchronously controlled to promote early flowering, CO2 concentration is maintained to be 400-1600 ppm, a full-spectrum artificial light source is adopted, basic nutrient solution with total nitrogen of 1.2-3.2 mM, the molar ratio of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen of 2:1-4:1 and pH of 5.5-6.5 is used, and L-carnitine and aconitic acid metabolism promoters with molar ratio of 1.2:1-2.2:1 are added in stages in a tillering stage. The method is mainly used for rapid cultivation of rice in a plant factory, and the cultivation efficiency is improved by shortening the growth period.

Inventors

  • YANG QICHANG
  • HU JIANGTAO
  • WU XIAOLAN
  • WANG SEN
  • LI ZONGGENG
  • ZHOU CHENGBO
  • WANG FANG

Assignees

  • 中国农业科学院都市农业研究所

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20260126

Claims (8)

  1. 1. The plant factory cultivation method for shortening the rice growth period based on carbon-nitrogen nutrition regulation comprises seed soaking, germination accelerating, seedling raising, post-transplanting management and harvesting, and is characterized in that rice seedlings are transplanted to a water planting system in a plant factory, and the following cultivation conditions are synchronously controlled to promote early flowering of rice: Maintaining a carbon dioxide concentration in the plant factory environment of 400-1600 ppm; basic illumination is carried out by using a full spectrum artificial light source, the illumination period is 10-12 hours per day, and the photosynthetic effective radiation intensity is 250-350 mu mol m -2 s -1 ; adopting basic nutrient solution to cultivate rice, wherein the total nitrogen concentration in the basic nutrient solution is 1.2-3.2 mM, the molar ratio of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen in the basic nutrient solution is 2:1-4:1, and the pH value of the basic nutrient solution is 5.5-6.5; In the rice cultivation process, adding a metabolism promoter into the basic nutrient solution, wherein the metabolism promoter comprises L-carnitine and aconitic acid in a molar ratio of 1.2:1 to 2.2:1, and the adding method of the metabolism promoter comprises the following steps: s1, when the age index of main stem and leaf reaches 55% -65%, adding a metabolism promoter into a basic nutrient solution until the concentration of L-carnitine in the basic nutrient solution reaches 0.004-0.006 mM, and maintaining for 24-48 hours after the addition is completed; s2, after the maintenance is finished, adding a metabolism promoter into the basic nutrient solution again to increase the concentration of L-carnitine to 0.01-0.018 mM, and maintaining the concentration for 2-4 days, and after the maintenance is finished, continuously using the basic nutrient solution for cultivation; the preparation method of the metabolism promoter comprises the following steps: a1, mixing L-carnitine and aconitic acid, dissolving in 2- (N-morpholinyl) ethanesulfonic acid buffer solution with pH of 6.0+/-0.1 to prepare mixed mother solution with total concentration of 10-15 mM, dripping the mixed mother solution into citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution with pH of 4.0+/-0.2 under stirring at a speed of 1-2 mL/min, controlling the pH of the final mixed system to be 5.2-5.6, and standing and aging for 30 minutes at 25 ℃ to obtain complex precursor dispersion; A2, mixing the complexing precursor dispersion liquid with an equal volume of chitosan hydrochloride solution with the concentration of 0.8-1.2 mg/mL under magnetic stirring, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment to obtain a nano composite suspension; A3, dropwise adding a sodium tripolyphosphate solution into the nano composite suspension under stirring, wherein the final concentration of sodium tripolyphosphate is 0.05-0.15w/v%, and continuing stirring for 30 minutes after the dropwise adding is finished to obtain a nano gel suspension; a4, placing the nanogel suspension in A4 ℃ environment, treating for 10-15 minutes under the vacuum degree of-0.08 to-0.10 MPa, recovering normal pressure, and preserving in A4 ℃ dark place to obtain the metabolism accelerator.
  2. 2. The plant factory cultivation method for shortening the rice growth period based on carbon nitrogen nutrition regulation of claim 1, wherein in the step A2, before the complexing precursor dispersion liquid is mixed with the chitosan hydrochloride solution, the chitosan hydrochloride solution is mixed with sodium chloride to make the final concentration of the sodium chloride be 0.01-0.03 mol/L, so as to obtain a modified chitosan solution; And mixing the complexing precursor dispersion liquid and the modified chitosan solution in an equal volume at 28-32 ℃, and standing the system for 25-35 minutes after mixing to obtain the nanoscale composite suspension liquid.
  3. 3. The plant factory cultivation method for shortening the rice growth period based on carbon-nitrogen nutrition regulation according to claim 1, wherein the daytime air temperature is maintained at 24-26 ℃ and the nighttime air temperature is controlled at 18-20 ℃ during the flowering period of rice; On day 1 of the flowering period, gas and chemical cooperative regulation is performed, namely 1-methylcyclopropene gas is released to a growing area in a night air temperature period, the released concentration is 0.5-0.8 ppm, the duration is 1-2 hours, and a targeted slow release preparation is sprayed to the glume flower part of a rice plant in the next day after the 1-methylcyclopropene gas is released, and the targeted slow release preparation comprises melatonin with the concentration of 50-150 mu mol/L and cationic guar gum with the concentration of 0.01-0.02 w/v% and is sprayed to the glume flower part of the rice plant.
  4. 4. The plant factory cultivation method for shortening the rice growth period based on carbon and nitrogen nutrition regulation of claim 3, wherein the targeting sustained release preparation further comprises pectin lyase with the concentration of 0.02-0.05 w/v%, wherein the pectin lyase is chemically modified photo-activated pectin lyase, wherein the photo-activated pectin lyase is covalently connected with a photo-cage protecting group on an amino acid side chain of one allosteric site, and the photo-cage protecting group is 4, 5-dimethoxy-2-nitrobenzyl; And (3) after the targeted slow release preparation is sprayed for 10 hours, carrying out one-time supplementary lighting treatment on the rice flower ear part, wherein the spectrum peak value of the supplementary lighting is 350-370 nm, the photon flux density is 20-40 mu mol m -2 s -1 , and the irradiation is continued for 15-30 minutes to specifically remove the photo-cage protecting group and activate the activity of pectin lyase.
  5. 5. The plant cultivation method for shortening the rice growth period based on carbon and nitrogen nutrition regulation as recited in claim 4, wherein the photo-activated pectin lyase is encapsulated in microcapsules, and the walls of the microcapsules are formed by crosslinking polyvinyl alcohol and phenylboronic acid derivatives.
  6. 6. The plant factory cultivation method for shortening the growth period of rice based on carbon and nitrogen nutrition regulation according to claim 1, wherein the boron supplementing operation is continuously carried out for two periods every three days from the early stage of young rice spike differentiation, and the operation method for each period is specifically as follows: When the first day illumination period starts, boric acid is supplemented into the basic nutrient solution, so that the concentration of boron element in the basic nutrient solution is 0.05-0.09 mg/L, and the basic nutrient solution is maintained for 4-6 hours; Continuously supplementing boric acid to the basic nutrient solution until the concentration of boron element is 0.2-0.3 mg/L, and maintaining until illumination is finished; And after the illumination is finished, replacing the nutrient solution with the basic nutrient solution.
  7. 7. The plant cultivation method for shortening the growth period of paddy rice based on carbon and nitrogen nutrition regulation as claimed in claim 6, wherein before the operation of continuously supplementing boric acid to the basic nutrient solution until the concentration of boron element is 0.2-0.3 mg/L, a synergist compounded by calcium chloride, L-glutathione and trehalose according to the mass ratio of 1 (0.2-0.3) (0.05-0.1) is added into the basic nutrient solution, so that the concentration of L-glutathione in the basic nutrient solution reaches 20-30 mu M, the basic nutrient solution is maintained for 20-30 minutes, and then the boric acid is supplemented to the target high concentration.
  8. 8. The plant cultivation method based on carbon nitrogen nutrition regulation and control for shortening the growth period of paddy rice according to claim 1, wherein the basic nutrient solution further comprises phosphorus element, potassium element, calcium element, magnesium element and trace elements, wherein the phosphorus element is provided in the form of dihydrogen phosphate, the concentration is 0.15-0.25 mM, the potassium element is provided in the form of potassium ion, the concentration is 1.0-1.4 mM, the calcium element is provided in the form of calcium ion, the concentration is 1.8-2.2 mM, the magnesium element is provided in the form of magnesium ion, the concentration is 0.8-1.2 mM, the trace elements comprise iron, manganese, zinc, copper and molybdenum, the iron element is provided in the form of Fe-EDTA, the concentration is 20-30 μm, the manganese element is provided in the form of divalent manganese ion, the concentration is 10-15 μm, the zinc element is provided in the form of divalent zinc ion, the concentration is 2.0-4.0 μm, the copper element is provided in the form of divalent copper ion, the concentration is 0.5-1.0 μm, and the molybdenum element is provided in the form of hepta-0.05 μm.

Description

Plant factory cultivation method for shortening rice growth period based on carbon-nitrogen nutrition regulation Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of plant factory crop cultivation. More particularly, the invention relates to a plant factory cultivation method for shortening the rice growth period based on carbon-nitrogen nutrition regulation. Background The plant factory is used as a high-efficiency crop cultivation mode in a controllable environment, and by means of accurate regulation and control on conditions such as temperature, illumination and nutrition, the plant factory has obvious advantages in large-scale and standardized cultivation of rice, and is particularly suitable for the requirements of shortening cultivation period and guaranteeing stable output. From the aspect of carbon source supply, the carbon dioxide concentration in a plant factory is usually maintained at a natural atmospheric level or a lower artificial regulation region, and sufficient carbon source support cannot be provided for photosynthesis of rice, so that accumulation of photosynthetic products is affected, and the growth and development process is delayed. In the aspect of nitrogen nutrition regulation, the total nitrogen concentration and the ratio of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen of the existing nutrient solution are set according to the conventional soil cultivation or general water planting standards, the physiological requirement of early flowering of rice is not optimized, and the excessive growth of the rice and the delay of reproductive growth are easily caused by the inadaptation of the nitrogen form and the concentration. Therefore, it is needed to provide a plant factory cultivation method for shortening the rice growth period based on carbon-nitrogen nutrition regulation. Disclosure of Invention To achieve these objects and other advantages and in accordance with the purpose of the invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, there is provided a plant factory cultivation method for shortening the growth period of rice based on carbon-nitrogen nutrition regulation, comprising seed soaking, germination accelerating, seedling raising, post-transplanting management and harvesting, transplanting rice seedlings to a hydroponic system in a plant factory, and controlling the following cultivation conditions in synchronization to promote early flowering of rice: Maintaining a carbon dioxide concentration in the plant factory environment of 400-1600 ppm; Basic illumination is carried out by using a full spectrum artificial light source, the illumination period is 10-12 hours per day, and the photosynthetic effective radiation intensity is 250-350 mu mol m -2s-1; adopting basic nutrient solution to cultivate rice, wherein the total nitrogen concentration in the basic nutrient solution is 1.2-3.2 mM, the molar ratio of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen in the basic nutrient solution is 2:1-4:1, and the pH value of the basic nutrient solution is 5.5-6.5; In the rice cultivation process, adding a metabolism promoter into the basic nutrient solution, wherein the metabolism promoter comprises L-carnitine and aconitic acid in a molar ratio of 1.2:1 to 2.2:1, and the adding method of the metabolism promoter comprises the following steps: s1, when the age index of main stem and leaf reaches 55% -65%, adding a metabolism promoter into a basic nutrient solution until the concentration of L-carnitine in the basic nutrient solution reaches 0.004-0.006 mM, and maintaining for 24-48 hours after the addition is completed; s2, after the maintenance is finished, adding a metabolism promoter into the basic nutrient solution again to increase the concentration of the L-carnitine to 0.01-0.018 mM, and maintaining the L-carnitine for 2-4 days under the concentration, and after the maintenance is finished, continuously using the basic nutrient solution for cultivation. Preferably, the preparation method of the metabolism promoter comprises the following steps: a1, mixing L-carnitine and aconitic acid, dissolving in 2- (N-morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid buffer solution with pH of 6.0+/-0.1 to prepare mixed mother solution with total concentration of 10-15 mM, dripping the mixed mother solution into citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution with pH of 4.0+/-0.2 under stirring at a speed of 1-2 mL/min, controlling the pH of the final mixed system to be 5.2-5.6, and standing and aging for 30 minutes at 25 ℃ to obtain complex precursor dispersion; A2, mixing the complexing precursor dispersion liquid with an equal volume of chitosan hydrochloride solution with the concentration of 0.8-1.2 mg/mL under magnetic stirring, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment to obtain a nano composite suspension; a3, dropwise adding a sodium tripolyphosphate solution into the nano composite suspension under stirring, wherein the final concentration of sodium tripolyphosphate is 0.05-0.15 w/v%, and continuing stirring f