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CN-121574581-B - Self-cleaning nano coating for photovoltaic panel in alpine region and preparation method thereof

CN121574581BCN 121574581 BCN121574581 BCN 121574581BCN-121574581-B

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of nano coating, in particular to a self-cleaning nano coating for a photovoltaic panel in a alpine region and a preparation method thereof, wherein the coating comprises a base layer and a super-hydrophobic photo-thermal layer covering the base layer; the super-hydrophobic photo-thermal layer comprises low-surface energy substance modified multi-stage micro-nano rough silicon dioxide and near infrared absorption type tungsten bronze nano particles, wherein the multi-stage micro-nano rough silicon dioxide comprises silicon dioxide microspheres with the particle size of 200-500nm, and the surfaces of the silicon dioxide microspheres are attached with the silicon dioxide microspheres with the particle size of 50-80 nm. In the invention, the multistage micro-nano rough silicon dioxide has higher mechanical stability, is not easy to be totally invalid when being stressed, and each silicon dioxide nanosphere generates tiny displacement and deformation to dissipate stress when being extruded by ice crystals instead of breaking caused by complete rigid resistance, and the near infrared absorption type tungsten bronze nanoparticle generates heat, so that the thickness of a water film between ice and a coating is increased, and the adhesive force of an ice layer is reduced.

Inventors

  • LI CONGLIN
  • LIAO WEI
  • WANG TAO

Assignees

  • 四川能投智慧光电有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20260129

Claims (8)

  1. 1. The self-cleaning nano coating for the photovoltaic panel in the alpine region is characterized by comprising a base layer (1) and a super-hydrophobic photo-thermal layer (2) covering the base layer (1); the base layer (1) comprises a silane coupling agent and nano titanium dioxide sol; The super-hydrophobic photo-thermal layer (2) comprises low-surface-energy substance modified multi-stage micro-nano rough silicon dioxide and near infrared absorption type tungsten bronze nano particles, the low-surface-energy substance comprises fluorosilane, the multi-stage micro-nano rough silicon dioxide comprises silicon dioxide microspheres with the particle size of 200-500nm, and the surfaces of the silicon dioxide microspheres are attached with silicon dioxide nanospheres with the particle size of 50-80 nm; A tough supporting layer (3) is arranged between the base layer (1) and the super-hydrophobic photo-thermal layer (2), the tough supporting layer (3) is a network polymer of polyurethane acrylic ester and organic silicon resin, and the network polymer is filled with flaky alumina and mica flakes.
  2. 2. The self-cleaning nano-coating for the photovoltaic panel in the alpine region of claim 1, wherein the particle size of the near infrared absorption type tungsten bronze nano-particles is 20-40nm.
  3. 3. The self-cleaning nano-coating for the photovoltaic panel in the alpine region as claimed in claim 1, wherein elastic hollow microspheres are added in the tough support layer (3).
  4. 4. The self-cleaning nano coating for the photovoltaic panel in the alpine region as claimed in claim 1, wherein the surface of the super-hydrophobic photo-thermal layer (2) is connected with a sliding film layer (4) through a point-like coated high-hardness UV resin anchor point (5), and when wind blows across the surface of the sliding film layer (4), shearing force parallel to the super-hydrophobic photo-thermal layer (2) is generated on the sliding film layer (4), so that the sliding film layer (4) is locally deformed and slipped, and the combination of ice crystals and the sliding film layer (4) is damaged.
  5. 5. The self-cleaning nano-coating for the photovoltaic panel in the alpine region according to claim 4, wherein the sliding film layer (4) is a methyl phenyl silicone resin film or a fluorosilicone resin film with the thickness of 1-3 μm.
  6. 6. The method for preparing the self-cleaning nano coating for the photovoltaic panel in the alpine region as set forth in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising The preparation of base solution, which is to mix silane coupling agent, absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water, adjust pH to 4-5 with acetic acid and stir to obtain prehydrolysis liquid; Adding nano titanium dioxide sol into the prehydrolysis liquid, and uniformly dispersing by ultrasonic to obtain a base layer solution; Preparing a super-hydrophobic photothermal layer suspension, namely dripping tetraethoxysilane into an aqueous solution of ethanol at a dripping speed of 2-2.5mL/min in a water bath at 25+/-1 ℃ and adding ammonia water once after the dripping is finished, and reacting for 6-7 hours to obtain silica nanosphere sol; Mixing tetraethoxysilane and ethanol according to a volume ratio of 1:1 in a water bath at 35+/-1 ℃, dripping the mixed solution into the silicon dioxide nanosphere sol at a dripping speed of 1-1.2mL/min, reacting for 12-14h after dripping is finished, standing and aging the reaction solution at a temperature of 40-45 ℃ for at least 24h after the reaction is finished, and separating, washing and drying a solid product to obtain multi-stage micro-nano coarse silicon dioxide powder; mixing the multilevel micro-nano rough silicon dioxide powder with near infrared absorption type tungsten bronze nano particles, and then adopting fluorosilane to carry out surface modification to obtain composite powder; adding an auxiliary agent and the composite powder into a fluorocarbon solvent and uniformly dispersing to obtain a super-hydrophobic photo-thermal layer suspension; Spraying, namely spraying a base layer solution onto the surface of the photovoltaic glass, and performing heat treatment at the temperature of 120-140 ℃ to form a base layer (1); and spraying the super-hydrophobic photo-thermal layer suspension, and sintering and curing at 140-160 ℃ to obtain the super-hydrophobic photo-thermal layer (2).
  7. 7. The method for preparing the flexible support layer slurry according to claim 6, wherein the flexible support layer slurry further comprises the steps of mixing a coupling agent KH-570 with an ethanol solution, adjusting the pH to 4-5 by using hydrochloric acid, and hydrolyzing at least 30 min to obtain a coupling agent solution; Adding the flaky alumina and mica flakes into a coupling agent solution, performing ultrasonic dispersion for at least 30min, and then filtering and drying to obtain a mixed filler; Adding butanone solvent and organic silicon resin into a reaction kettle, uniformly stirring at the temperature of 40 ℃, then adding polyurethane acrylate prepolymer and reactive diluent, heating to 60 ℃, and stirring for at least 1 hour to obtain a transparent resin system; Adding the mixed filler into a resin system, stirring at least 30min, adding a photoinitiator, a defoaming agent and a leveling agent, then dispersing at least 30min at a temperature lower than 50 ℃ by using a high-speed dispersing machine, and sequentially grinding, defoaming and filtering after dispersing to obtain a flexible supporting layer slurry; When in spraying, after forming a base layer (1), spraying a flexible supporting layer slurry, and radiating by ultraviolet rays to solidify the surface of the flexible supporting layer slurry, and then performing heat curing at the temperature of 90-105 ℃ to obtain a flexible supporting layer (3); and then spraying the super-hydrophobic photo-thermal layer suspension onto the surface of the tough support layer (3).
  8. 8. The preparation method of the ultraviolet radiation curing agent is characterized in that after the super-hydrophobic photo-thermal layer (2) is obtained, high-hardness UV resin in a dot array is coated on the surface of the super-hydrophobic photo-thermal layer (2), and the high-hardness UV resin is cured by ultraviolet radiation to obtain high-hardness UV resin anchor points (5); and spin-coating an organic solvent solution of methyl phenyl silicone resin or fluorosilicone resin on the surface of the super-hydrophobic photo-thermal layer (2), and then curing for 1-2h at 80-150 ℃ to obtain the methyl phenyl silicone resin or fluorosilicone resin film connected with the high-hardness UV resin anchor point (5).

Description

Self-cleaning nano coating for photovoltaic panel in alpine region and preparation method thereof Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of nano-coating, and in particular relates to a self-cleaning nano-coating for a photovoltaic panel in a alpine region and a preparation method thereof. Background In order to save power supply cost, the street lamp is usually powered by solar energy, namely, a photovoltaic panel is arranged at the top end of a street lamp post. At present, when the photovoltaic panel in the alpine region operates, ice and snow are usually present to easily cover the photovoltaic panel, light is shielded, the generated energy is caused to be reduced sharply and even zero, the panel is easily damaged by mechanical deicing, and the labor cost is high. In order to prevent foreign matters from staying on the photovoltaic panel for a long time, a layer of nano coating with a self-cleaning function is usually arranged on the photovoltaic panel, two common nano coatings are usually arranged, one is an ultra-hydrophilic coating which takes nano titanium dioxide, zinc oxide and silicon oxide as core materials, the nano titanium dioxide generates hydroxyl free radicals under the irradiation of ultraviolet rays, oil stains and organic matters are decomposed, the contact angle of the surface of the coating is less than 5 degrees, and even water films are formed on the surface by rainwater to wash dust. The other is a super-hydrophobic coating with fluorine-containing nano material and nano silicon oxide as cores, a micro-nano rough surface is constructed, the surface energy is reduced, the contact angle is more than 150 degrees, the rolling angle is less than 10 degrees, water drops are formed by rainwater, dust is taken away during rolling, and ultraviolet rays are not needed to be relied on. The nano-coatings are suitable for low-altitude areas, and in high-cold ice areas, the conventional super-hydrophobic coatings become brittle at low temperature, and micro-nano structures are easily pierced by ice crystals or damaged by frosting, so that the super-hydrophobicity is lost. In addition, existing coatings are typically single function coatings that are difficult to work stably under extremely low temperature, icing, and frosting cycle conditions. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a self-cleaning nano coating for a photovoltaic panel in a alpine region and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the problem. In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the self-cleaning nano coating of the photovoltaic panel in the alpine region comprises a base layer and a super-hydrophobic photo-thermal layer covering the base layer; The base layer comprises a silane coupling agent and nano titanium dioxide sol; The super-hydrophobic photo-thermal layer comprises low-surface-energy substance modified multi-stage micro-nano rough silicon dioxide and near infrared absorption type tungsten bronze nano particles, wherein the multi-stage micro-nano rough silicon dioxide comprises silicon dioxide microspheres with the particle size of 200-500nm, and the surfaces of the silicon dioxide microspheres are attached with silicon dioxide nanospheres with the particle size of 50-80 nm. Further, the particle size of the near infrared absorption type tungsten bronze nanoparticle is 20-40nm. Further, the low surface energy substance comprises fluorosilane. Further, a tough supporting layer is arranged between the base layer and the super-hydrophobic photo-thermal layer, the tough supporting layer is a network polymer of polyurethane acrylic ester and organic silicon resin, and the network polymer is filled with flaky alumina and mica sheets. Further, elastic hollow microspheres are added in the ductile supporting layer. When wind blows across the surface of the sliding film layer, shearing force parallel to the super-hydrophobic photo-thermal layer is generated on the sliding film layer, the sliding film layer is promoted to locally deform and slide, and the combination of ice crystals and the sliding film layer is destroyed. Further, the slip film layer is a methyl phenyl silicone resin film or a fluorosilicone resin film with the thickness of 1-3 mu m. The preparation method of the self-cleaning nano coating for the photovoltaic panel in the alpine region comprises the following steps of The preparation of base solution, which is to mix silane coupling agent, absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water, adjust pH to 4-5 with acetic acid and stir to obtain prehydrolysis liquid; Adding nano titanium dioxide sol into the prehydrolysis liquid, and uniformly dispersing by ultrasonic to obtain a base layer solution; Preparing a super-hydrophobic photothermal layer suspension, namely dripping tetraethoxysilane into an aqueous solution of ethanol at a dripping speed of 2-2.5mL/min in a water bath at 25+/-1 ℃ and adding