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CN-121611906-B - Integrated gas-solid separation waste acid regeneration cracking furnace and control method thereof

CN121611906BCN 121611906 BCN121611906 BCN 121611906BCN-121611906-B

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of chemical equipment, and particularly discloses an integrated gas-solid separation waste acid regeneration cracking furnace which comprises a furnace body, a gas-solid separator, an induced draft fan and a control system, wherein a combustion cavity is arranged in the furnace body, a plurality of first baffles and second baffles are arranged in the combustion cavity and are alternately distributed at equal intervals along the axis of the furnace body to form a baffling channel, the gas-solid separator is connected to the outlet end of the furnace body and comprises an outer pipe and an inner pipe which are coaxially arranged, a flow guide assembly is arranged in the inner pipe, the induced draft fan is arranged at one end, far away from the furnace body, of the gas-solid separator, the control system detects the pressure in the furnace body through a pressure transmitter, and the rotational speed of the induced draft fan is regulated by adopting a PID control algorithm to maintain a micro negative pressure state in the furnace body. The application realizes the accurate control of the pressure in the cracking furnace and the high-efficiency gas-solid separation, improves the regeneration efficiency of waste acid and the running stability of equipment, and reduces the environmental pollution and the energy consumption.

Inventors

  • LU CHAOJIN
  • BAI ZHISHAN
  • Song Siduo

Assignees

  • 华东理工大学

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20251208

Claims (7)

  1. 1. An integrated gas-solid separation waste acid regeneration pyrolysis furnace, which is characterized by comprising: The furnace body (1) is provided with an inlet end (12) and an outlet end (13), a combustion cavity (11) is formed in the furnace body (1), a plurality of first baffles (14) and a plurality of second baffles (15) are arranged in the combustion cavity (11), the first baffles (14) and the second baffles (15) are all distributed at equal intervals along the axis of the furnace body (1), and the first baffles (14) and the second baffles (15) are alternately arranged at intervals so as to form a baffling channel in the combustion cavity (11); The gas-solid separator (5) is connected to the outlet end (13) of the furnace body (1) and is used for carrying out gas-solid separation on the flue gas after combustion in the furnace body (1), the gas-solid separator (5) comprises an outer tube (51) and an inner tube (52), the inner tube (52) is arranged in the outer tube (51) and is coaxially arranged with the outer tube (51), a separation cavity (53) is arranged between the outer tube (51) and the inner tube (52), a solid outlet (54) is formed in the bottom of the outer tube (51), the solid outlet (54) is communicated with the separation cavity (53), and a gas outlet (55) is formed in the inner tube (52); The gas-solid separator (5) is internally provided with a flow guide assembly, the flow guide assembly comprises a plurality of first flow guide plates (56) and a plurality of second flow guide plates (57), the first flow guide plates (56) are arranged on one side close to the outlet end (13) of the furnace body (1), the second flow guide plates (57) are arranged on one side far away from the outlet end (13) of the furnace body (1), the plurality of first flow guide plates (56) are equidistantly distributed at intervals along the inner peripheral wall of the outer tube (51), the plurality of second flow guide plates (57) are equidistantly distributed along the outer peripheral wall of the inner tube (52), the number of the first flow guide plates (56) is 10-12, each first flow guide plate (56) is spirally arranged, the pitch of the first flow guide plates (56) is 280-340 mm, the height is 30-40 mm, the thickness is 1.5-3 mm, the number of the second flow guide plates (57) is 10-12, the second flow guide plates (57) are uniformly arranged at intervals along the outer peripheral wall of the inner tube (52), and the second pitch of the first flow guide plates (56) is 180-3.5-3 mm; Induced draft fan (6) are set up gas-solid separator (5) are kept away from the one end of furnace body (1), induced draft fan (6) are used for extracting stove gas in order to form negative pressure in furnace body (1), exit end (13) of furnace body (1) are provided with pressure transmitter (58), pressure transmitter (58) are used for detecting pressure in furnace body (1) and transmit for the control unit, through algorithm control the rotational speed of induced draft fan (6) is in order to realize pressure control in furnace body (1).
  2. 2. The integrated gas-solid separation waste acid regeneration cracking furnace of claim 1, wherein the distance between the adjacent first baffle (14) and second baffle (15) is 30-45 mm.
  3. 3. An integrated gas-solid separation waste acid regeneration cracking furnace control method for controlling the integrated gas-solid separation waste acid regeneration cracking furnace according to any one of claims 1-2, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: S1, acquiring a pressure measurement value of a cracking furnace in real time through a pressure detection device; S2, calculating the deviation between the pressure measured value and a preset pressure set value; s3, calculating a control signal according to the deviation by adopting a PID control algorithm; s4, regulating the rotating speed of the induced draft fan (6) according to the control signal, and maintaining the micro negative pressure state in the cracking furnace.
  4. 4. The method for controlling an integrated gas-solid separation waste acid regeneration cracking furnace according to claim 3, wherein in the step S1, the pressure transmitter (58) converts the detected pressure signal into a 4-20 mA current signal, and the current signal is processed by a first-order lag filtering method, wherein the filter coefficient alpha is 0.4-0.6.
  5. 5. The method for controlling an integrated gas-solid separation waste acid regeneration cracking furnace according to claim 3, wherein in the step S2, in order to maintain micro negative pressure in the cracking furnace, the preset pressure value ranges from-30 Pa to-20 Pa, and in each control period, the difference between the current pressure measurement value and the set value is calculated according to the following formula: ; Wherein P v is the current pressure measurement value, S v is the pressure set value, e (t) is the difference value of the two values, if e (t) >0, the pressure in the furnace is higher than the set value, namely the negative pressure is insufficient, the induced draft of the induced draft fan (6) needs to be increased, otherwise, the induced draft of the induced draft fan (6) is reduced.
  6. 6. The control method for the integrated gas-solid separation waste acid regeneration cracking furnace according to claim 3, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: In the step S3, a discretized position PID algorithm is used: ; The Output (T) is a calculated Output value of the PID controller at the current moment, K p is a proportional gain to determine the reaction intensity of the current deviation, K i is an integral gain, K i =K p (T/T i ) is a control period, 100-200 ms is taken, T i is an integral time constant, K d is a differential gain, K d =K p (T d /T),T d is a differential time constant, Σe (T) T is the accumulation of all moment deviations, and three parameters K p ,K i ,K d are determined through a critical proportionality method.
  7. 7. The control method for the integrated gas-solid separation waste acid regeneration cracking furnace, which is disclosed in claim 6, is characterized in that: In the step S4, the calculated Output (t) is Output and limited, the limiting range is 50-80% within the safe working range of the executing mechanism, the limited Output value is converted into a standard 4-20mA Analog signal analog_output, the standard 4-20mA Analog signal analog_output is sent to the induced draft fan (6), the Output Frequency is linearly mapped into an Output Frequency, the power Frequency Output to the motor of the induced draft fan (6) is adjusted according to the Frequency, so that the rotating speed of the induced draft fan (6) is controlled, the hearth pressure is changed along with the change of the rotating speed of the induced draft fan (6), the pressure transmitter (58) detects the new change, and the new Pv value is fed back to form closed-loop negative feedback.

Description

Integrated gas-solid separation waste acid regeneration cracking furnace and control method thereof Technical Field The application relates to the technical field of chemical equipment, in particular to an integrated gas-solid separation waste acid regeneration cracking furnace and a control method thereof. Background The waste sulfuric acid pyrolysis is an important process for treating the waste sulfuric acid and recovering the sulfuric acid, and the operation stability and the efficiency of a pyrolysis furnace of core equipment are important. During the pyrolysis process, a large amount of high temperature flue gas carrying dust, incompletely decomposed carbon particles and other solid particles is generated. These particulates, if not effectively treated, can clog subsequent piping and equipment, exacerbate equipment wear, affect product quality, and even lead to unintended production downtime. In the prior art, a gas-solid separation device such as a cyclone separator is usually arranged behind a cracking furnace. However, the traditional cracking furnace has the following problems that the ash removal operation of the separator depends on manual experience or timing control, cannot respond according to the actual ash deposition condition, is easy to cause the increase of system resistance due to untimely ash removal or the waste of energy and equipment abrasion due to excessive ash removal, is critical to safe production and cracking efficiency, is difficult to accurately maintain the micro-negative pressure state required by the furnace in the traditional control mode, is easy to cause the leakage of flue gas or the leakage of air due to pressure fluctuation, has safety risks and affects the combustion efficiency. Disclosure of Invention The application provides an integrated gas-solid separation waste acid regeneration cracking furnace and a control method thereof, aiming at solving the problem that the existing separator depends on manpower. On one hand, the integrated gas-solid separation waste acid regeneration cracking furnace provided by the application adopts the following technical scheme: An integrated gas-solid separation waste acid regeneration cracking furnace, comprising: The furnace body is provided with an inlet end and an outlet end, a combustion cavity is formed in the furnace body, a plurality of first baffles and a plurality of second baffles are arranged in the combustion cavity, the first baffles and the second baffles are distributed at equal intervals along the axis of the furnace body, and the first baffles and the second baffles are alternately arranged at intervals so as to form a baffling channel in the combustion cavity; The gas-solid separator is connected to the outlet end of the furnace body and is used for carrying out gas-solid separation on the flue gas after combustion in the furnace body; The induced draft fan is arranged at one end of the gas-solid separator, which is far away from the furnace body, and is used for extracting furnace gas to form negative pressure in the furnace body, the pressure transmitter is arranged at the outlet end of the furnace body and is used for detecting pressure in the furnace body and transmitting the pressure to the control unit, and the rotating speed of the induced draft fan is controlled through an algorithm to realize pressure control in the furnace body. By adopting the technical scheme, the pressure control method based on the PID algorithm is integrated, the pressure transmitter is used for monitoring the pressure of the hearth in real time, and automatically and accurately adjusting the rotating speed of the induced draft fan, so that the dependence on the manual experience of operators is eliminated, the risk of artificial misoperation is avoided, the system can dynamically stabilize the pressure of the hearth in the optimal micro negative pressure range, the leakage of toxic and harmful smoke is effectively prevented, the safety production and the health of personnel are ensured, and the continuous stability of the cracking reaction working condition is ensured. In some embodiments, the spacing between adjacent first and second baffles is 30-45 mm. In some embodiments, the gas-solid separator comprises an outer tube and an inner tube, the inner tube is arranged in the outer tube and is coaxially arranged with the outer tube, a separation cavity is arranged between the outer tube and the inner tube, a solid outlet is arranged at the bottom of the outer tube and is communicated with the separation cavity, and a gas outlet is arranged in the inner tube. In some embodiments, a flow guiding component is arranged in the gas-solid separator, the flow guiding component comprises a plurality of first flow guiding plates and a plurality of second flow guiding plates, the first flow guiding plates are arranged on one side close to the outlet end of the furnace body, the second flow guiding plates are arranged on one side far away fro