CN-121652815-B - Soil restoration material suitable for cucumber continuous cropping obstacle, preparation method and soil restoration method

CN121652815BCN 121652815 BCN121652815 BCN 121652815BCN-121652815-B

Abstract

The invention discloses a soil restoration material suitable for cucumber continuous cropping obstacle, a preparation method and a soil restoration method, and relates to the technical field of cucumber planting and soil restoration, wherein the soil restoration material suitable for cucumber continuous cropping obstacle comprises functional biochar, organic materials and microbial agents, the application amount of the functional biochar is 30-60 t/ha, the application amount of the organic materials is 6-6.5 t/ha, the application amount of the microbial agents is 15-20 kg/ha, and the mass ratio range of the functional biochar, the organic materials and the microbial agents is (30-60): (6-6.5): (0.015-0.02); the method combines the physicochemical improvement characteristics of the functional biochar, the nutrient supply capacity of the organic materials and the biological regulation and control functions of the microbial agent, synchronously solves the three core problems of continuous cropping soil physicochemical deterioration, microbial imbalance and insufficient nutrients, and solves the problems of difficult microbial colonization and poor community stability in the prior art by the synergistic effect of the functional biochar, the organic materials and the microbial agent.

Inventors

ZHAO HONGXIA
ZHOU MINGHUA
LI ZHAONING
Eric Chubanshiro

Assignees

中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20260205

Claims (6)

1. A soil restoration material suitable for cucumber continuous cropping obstacle is characterized by comprising functional biochar, organic materials and microbial agents, wherein the application amount of the functional biochar is 30-60 t/ha, the application amount of the organic materials is 6-6.5 t/ha, the application amount of the microbial agents is 15-20 kg/ha, the mass ratio of the functional biochar, the organic materials and the microbial agents is (30-60): (6-6.5): (0.015-0.02), the organic materials are selected from one or two of alfalfa straw and bacterial residues, the microbial agents adopt a composite bacterial agent of bacillus subtilis and trichoderma longibrachiatum, the bacterial count ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the trichoderma longibrachiatum is 1:1, and the functional biochar is obtained by anaerobic pyrolysis of corn straw serving as a raw material; The bacillus subtilis is preserved in China general microbiological culture collection center (CGMCC) with the preservation number of 14514 and is purchased from Tianjin Kun He Biotechnology Co., ltd; The trichoderma longibrachiatum strain is preserved in China center for type culture Collection (CICC 13053), and is purchased from Shandong and Zhongkang source biotechnology limited company, and the company product number is MES810; Watering after applying functional biochar and organic materials, keeping the water content of soil at 60% -70% of the field water holding capacity for 5-7 days for pre-fermentation, diluting 15-20 kg/ha microbial inoculum with clean water by 500 times, and applying the microbial inoculum into the soil by adopting a drip irrigation or root irrigation mode; The application scheme of the soil restoration material when the soil restoration material is applied to the light continuous cropping obstacle soil comprises the steps of functional biochar 30 t/ha, alfalfa straw 6 t/ha and composite microbial inoculum 15 kg/ha, wherein the light continuous cropping obstacle soil comprises the following concrete steps of continuous cropping years 3-5 years, soil pH 6.5-7.0, fusarium relative abundance 5% -10% and EC value <1.0 mS/cm; The application scheme of the soil restoration material when the soil restoration material is applied to the moderate continuous cropping obstacle soil comprises 45 t/ha of functional biochar, 6.5 t/ha of fungus dreg and 18 kg/ha of composite microbial inoculum, wherein the moderate continuous cropping obstacle soil comprises 6-10 years of continuous cropping years, 6.0-6.5 of soil pH, 10-15% of fusarium relative abundance and 1.0-1.5 mS/cm of EC value; The application scheme of the soil restoration material when the soil restoration material is applied to severe continuous cropping obstacle soil is that functional biochar 60 t/ha, alfalfa straw 6 t/ha, fungus residue 3.25 t/ha and composite microbial inoculum 20 kg/ha, wherein the severe continuous cropping obstacle soil is specifically characterized in that the continuous cropping period is more than 10 years, the pH value of the soil is 5.5-6.0, the relative abundance of fusarium is more than 15%, and the EC value is more than 1.5 mS/cm.
2. The method for preparing the soil restoration material for cucumber continuous cropping obstacle as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: S1, preparing functional biochar, namely performing anaerobic pyrolysis on corn straws serving as a raw material for 2-3 hours at 500-600 ℃, cooling, crushing and sieving to obtain the biochar with the specific surface area of more than or equal to 150 m 2 /g, the pore diameter distribution of 2-50 nm, the pH value of 8.5-10.0 and the organic matter content of more than or equal to 75 percent; S2, preparing organic materials, namely selecting alfalfa straw or fungus dreg, and crushing the alfalfa straw or fungus dreg to 1-3 cm, wherein the organic matter content of the alfalfa straw is more than or equal to 80%, the water content of the alfalfa straw is less than or equal to 15%, and the organic matter content of the fungus dreg is more than or equal to 75% and the water content of the fungus dreg is less than or equal to 20%; S3, selecting a microbial agent, namely selecting a composite microbial agent of bacillus subtilis and trichoderma longibrachiatum, wherein the effective viable count is more than or equal to 20 hundred million CFU/g, the bacterial count ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the trichoderma longibrachiatum is 1:1, the temperature resistant range is 15-45 ℃, and the pH of the activity is kept to be 5.5-8.5.
3. The preparation method of the catalyst according to claim 2, wherein in the step S1, anaerobic pyrolysis is carried out for 2-3 hours at 500-600 ℃, and the catalyst is crushed and sieved after cooling, specifically, a continuous anaerobic pyrolysis furnace is adopted, the heating rate is controlled to be 10 ℃ per minute, the temperature is increased to 500-600 ℃, the anaerobic environment is maintained, the oxygen content is less than 5%, and the pyrolysis is carried out for 2-3 hours; naturally cooling to room temperature after pyrolysis is finished, avoiding pore structure damage caused by rapid cooling, sieving by using a standard 2mm stainless steel sieve, collecting undersize for standby, and returning large particles on the sieve to a pulverizer for secondary pulverization, thereby ensuring that the uniformity of the particle size is more than or equal to 95%.
4. The preparation method of the food additive according to claim 2, wherein in the step S2, when alfalfa stalks or fungus residues are selected, fresh alfalfa stalks are selected, dried until the moisture content is less than or equal to 15%, and crushed to 1-3cm, or waste fungus residues after edible fungus cultivation are selected, and are subjected to high-temperature decomposition for 7 days at 60 ℃, the decomposition degree is detected, the germination index is more than or equal to 85%, and crushed to 2-3cm.
5. A soil remediation method using the soil remediation material suitable for cucumber continuous cropping obstacle as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: Firstly, preprocessing, namely uniformly spreading functional biochar and organic materials on the surface of soil in proportion 10-20 days before planting, deep ploughing by adopting a rotary cultivator to ensure that the functional biochar and the organic materials are fully mixed with 0-30 cm plough layer soil, wherein the mixing uniformity is more than or equal to 90%; Secondly, regulating water, namely watering after applying functional biochar and organic materials, keeping the water content of soil at 60% -70% of the field water holding capacity, and keeping the soil at 25-35 ℃ during fermentation for 5-7 days for pre-fermentation; Thirdly, applying the microbial agent, namely diluting 15-20 kg/ha microbial agent by 500 times with clean water 1-5 days before planting, applying the microbial agent into soil in a drip irrigation or root irrigation mode, wherein the application amount is 20-30L/ha, and ensuring that the microbial agent is uniformly distributed in a root system growth area, namely 0-20 cm soil layers; Fourthly, field management, namely after cucumber planting, supplementing and applying the microbial agent once every 10-20 days, diluting the microbial agent with clear water for 1000 times, wherein the application amount is 10-15L/ha each time, and continuously supplementing for 2-3 times.
6. The method for restoring soil according to claim 5, wherein the water content of the soil is maintained to be 50% -60% of the field water holding capacity in the growing period of the cucumber in the fourth field management step, and the conventional fertilization management comprises the step of applying the N-P-K compound fertilizer according to the standard, and avoiding the application time interval with the microbial agent to be less than 3 days.

Description

Soil restoration material suitable for cucumber continuous cropping obstacle, preparation method and soil restoration method Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of cucumber planting and soil restoration, in particular to a soil restoration material suitable for cucumber continuous cropping obstacle, a preparation method and a soil restoration method. Background The continuous cropping obstacles (Continuous cropping obstacles, CCOs) are the phenomena of crop yield reduction, quality deterioration and frequent occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests after the cucumbers or the related crops are continuously planted in the same land, even if normal field management measures are taken, and become key problems for restricting sustainable development of the cucumber industry. The key causes of the cucumber continuous cropping obstacle comprise three aspects, namely deterioration of physical and chemical properties of soil, soil acidification, salinization, nutrient imbalance, abnormal soil volume weight, reduced capacity of retaining fertilizer and water, strong evaporation and serious salt accumulation problem in dry heat valley areas, unbalance of soil microorganism area, transformation of soil from bacterial type to fungal type, high relative abundance of soil-borne pathogenic bacteria with Fusarium (Fusarium) as a core up to 17.52%, total abundance of plant parasitic nematodes exceeding 12%, reduced number of beneficial microorganisms (such as Luteitalea, RSA and the like), reduced disease resistance of the soil, accumulation of plant autotoxic substances, long-term retention of chemical substances in the soil, inhibition of cucumber growth and development and aggravation of diseases. The existing restoration technology comprises soil improvement (high-temperature canopy, disinfection), field management (straw returning and no-tillage), reasonable planting (intercropping), biological control (microbial agent application) and the like, but has obvious limitations that the single straw returning has limited pathogenic bacteria inhibition effect (the amplitude reduction is less than 50%), nutrients are slowly released, the pure microbial agent is difficult to colonize in the severe environment of continuous cropping soil, the effect is unstable, the loss rate of viable count reaches 30% -50%, the strong reduction sterilization treatment can inhibit pathogenic bacteria, but damages beneficial microbial communities of the soil, the ecological function of the soil is degraded, the abundance of ammonia oxidizing bacteria is reduced by more than 50%, and the problem that the unbalance of the soil nutrients and the reconstruction of a microbial network are difficult to synchronously solve by single biochar application. In typical cucumber planting areas such as Yuanmou dry-hot valleys in China, the photo-thermal resources in the areas are rich, the areas are important vegetable bases in reverse seasons in China, the yield of the cucumber bases in reverse seasons is about half that of the cucumber bases in reverse seasons in China, the special dry-hot weather causes large evaporation capacity of soil, salt is easy to accumulate, continuous cropping obstacles are more serious, and the cooperative improvement of physical and chemical properties of the soil, microbial communities and nutrient circulation is difficult to realize in the prior art. Therefore, the development of the soil restoration material suitable for the cucumber continuous cropping obstacle, the preparation method and the soil restoration method can synchronously optimize the soil structure, regulate and control the microorganism zone system and promote the composite restoration technology of the nutrient supply capability, and has important practical significance for solving the cucumber continuous cropping obstacle and guaranteeing the regional agriculture sustainable development. Disclosure of Invention In view of the defects existing in the prior art, the main purpose of the invention is to provide a soil restoration material suitable for cucumber continuous cropping obstacle, a preparation method and a soil restoration method, which are used for synchronously solving three core problems of continuous cropping soil such as physical and chemical degradation, microorganism unbalance and insufficient nutrients by combining physical and chemical improvement characteristics of functional biochar, nutrient supply capability of organic materials and biological regulation and control functions of microbial agents, wherein the restoration effect is superior to that of single material application, the functional biochar provides stable habitat environment for microorganisms, the organic materials provide carbon sources and energy sources for microorganism growth, and the composite microbial agents directly supplement beneficial bacteria groups, so that the problems of difficult microorganism colonization and poor community stabili