CN-121655874-B - Fatigue endurance test device to rivet structure

CN121655874BCN 121655874 BCN121655874 BCN 121655874BCN-121655874-B

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fatigue endurance tests, in particular to a fatigue endurance test device for a rivet structure, which comprises two detection components, wherein the two detection components are symmetrically arranged, and a first air pump is arranged between the two detection components; the detecting component comprises a cover cylinder, a supporting component, a rotary driving component, a linear driving component and a pressure detecting module. According to the invention, the pressure detection module can be used for knowing the durability of the rivet through pressure change when the cover cylinder is filled with gas. The invention simulates alternating stress of the rivet in actual working conditions through the rotary driving assembly, simultaneously supplies air into the cover cylinder through the first air pump, and monitors air pressure fluctuation caused by gap change between the rivet and the riveting piece through the pressure detection module, so that the durability of the rivet is determined.

Inventors

ZHAO YANG
MA HONGCHANG
CHANG ZHENGPING
HUA WEI

Assignees

西北工业大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20260206

Claims (10)

1. A fatigue durability test device for a rivet structure, comprising: the two detection components are symmetrically arranged, and a first air pump is arranged between the two detection components; wherein the detection means includes: The cover cylinder is provided with an opening at one end, a ring sleeve is fixedly sleeved outside the cover cylinder, the inner ring of the ring sleeve is communicated with the inside of the cover cylinder, and two ports of the first air pump are respectively communicated with the ring sleeve corresponding to the detection part; the support component is arranged on one side of the cover cylinder; The rotary driving assembly is arranged on the supporting assembly in a sliding manner along the axial direction of the cover cylinder, and the output end of the rotary driving assembly coaxially penetrates through the closed end of the cover cylinder and is connected with a clamping plate arranged in the cover cylinder, and the rotary driving assembly is used for driving the clamping plate to rotate; a linear driving assembly for driving the rotary driving assembly to move so that the clamping plates of the two detection parts move toward each other; the pressure detection module is arranged in the cover cylinder and used for detecting the gas pressure in the cover cylinder; The first air pump is used for supplying air flow inside the cover cylinder, pneumatic excitation is applied to the rivet through the air flow, the air flow and torsion alternating stress applied by the rotary driving assembly jointly form a mechanical-pneumatic coupling fatigue environment, meanwhile, the air flow is used as a detection medium, and air pressure fluctuation caused by gap change between the rivet and the riveting piece due to fatigue damage of the rivet is monitored in real time through the pressure detection module so as to reflect the fatigue endurance state of the rivet.
2. The fatigue endurance test apparatus for a rivet structure according to claim 1, wherein sealing rings are provided on opposite end surfaces of the two cans, the sealing rings being for sealing contact surfaces of the cans and the rivet when the two clamping plates clamp the end portions of the rivet.
3. The fatigue durability test device for a rivet structure according to claim 2, further comprising a U-shaped clip, wherein a rubber layer is provided on a clamping surface thereof for clamping the seal rings of the two cans.
4. The fatigue endurance test apparatus for a rivet structure according to claim 1, wherein the support assembly comprises a U-shaped guide frame, an end portion of the U-shaped guide frame is fixedly connected to a side surface of the collar, and the rotary driving assembly is slidably arranged between U-shaped areas of the U-shaped guide frame.
5. The fatigue endurance test device for the rivet structure according to claim 4, wherein the rotary driving assembly is a motor, a connecting rod is radially arranged on the motor, and one end of the connecting rod, which is away from the motor, is slidably connected with a guide rod of the U-shaped guide frame through a sliding sleeve.
6. The fatigue endurance test device for the rivet structure of claim 5, wherein the linear driving assembly comprises a positioning plate, a baffle and a second air pump, wherein the positioning plate is arranged on one side of the U-shaped guide frame, the baffle is arranged on one side of the U-shaped guide frame, which faces towards the motor, the air bag is arranged between the baffle and one end, which faces away from the output end, of the motor, the second air pump is arranged on one side, which faces away from the air bag, of the positioning plate, and the output end of the second air pump is communicated with the air bag.
7. The fatigue durability test apparatus for a rivet structure according to claim 6, wherein the positioning plate is connected to the U-shaped guide frame through a positioning ring.
8. The fatigue durability test device for a rivet structure according to claim 1, wherein a mounting tube is connected to the collar, one end of the mounting tube is communicated with the collar, and the other end of the mounting tube is communicated with the first air pump.
9. The fatigue durability test device for the rivet structure according to claim 8, wherein the mounting tube is connected with a support rod, and the support rod is provided with a display, and the display is connected with the corresponding pressure detection module through a wire.
10. The fatigue endurance test apparatus for a rivet structure according to claim 9, wherein the pressure detection module employs a pressure detector, a detection end of the pressure detector is located in the corresponding cover cylinder, and the pressure detector is electrically connected to the display.

Description

Fatigue endurance test device to rivet structure Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of fatigue endurance tests, in particular to a fatigue endurance test device for a rivet structure. Background In the industrial fields of aerospace, rail transit, automobile manufacturing, heavy machinery, building structures and the like, the riveting technology is used as a classical and reliable connecting mode, and is widely applied to the assembly of various metal structural members due to the advantages of mature process, high connecting strength, good vibration resistance and the like. The rivet is used as a core component of the connector, the service state of the rivet directly relates to the safety and service life of the whole structure, and the rivet on the surface of the aircraft is positioned in an unsteady flow field in the actual flight process. Pressure fluctuations, turbulence disturbances, and vortex-induced vibrations of the air flow can apply high frequency, random, micro-amplitude loads to the rivet. This fretting fatigue caused by the direct action of the air flow is one of the central factors that lead to seal failure and structural looseness. Therefore, it is important to perform scientific and accurate fatigue durability assessment on the rivet structure, and the conventional fatigue test method generally adopts a hydraulic or mechanical actuator cylinder to apply periodic load to a test piece, but the device often has the problems of huge volume, complex system, limited simulation capability to test environment (such as difficulty in synchronously applying or accurately controlling complex environmental load, such as alternating pneumatic force, corrosion fatigue in a specific medium environment, and the like), high test cost, and the like. Particularly, for some tests requiring simulating the alternating stress condition of rivets under specific air pressure or sealing environment, the existing devices often lack an integrated design of environment simulation and load application. The existing test device has the limitations of insufficient flexibility, low automation degree or poor information visualization and the like in the aspects of test piece clamping, centering adjustment, real-time monitoring of test process (such as clamping force, environmental pressure, stress state and the like) and visual data feedback, influences the efficiency of a test and the accuracy of a result, and in addition, in the fields of aerospace, high-speed trains and the like which relate to aerodynamics, a rivet structure is exposed to high-speed airflow for a long time and bears high-frequency micro motion or vibration load induced by pneumatic pressure fluctuation. The pneumatic fretting fatigue and the mechanical alternating stress act together to obviously accelerate the damage progress of the rivet. However, conventional fatigue test devices are generally only capable of applying mechanical loads, and lack the ability to apply and couple simultaneously with pneumatic environmental loads, resulting in significant differences between test conditions and actual conditions, and difficulty in accurately assessing the durability of rivets under true composite loads. Accordingly, there is a need to provide a fatigue durability test apparatus for rivet structures to solve the above-described problems. Disclosure of Invention Aiming at the problems of insufficient flexibility, low automation degree or poor information visualization and the like in the aspects of test piece clamping, centering adjustment, real-time monitoring (such as clamping force, environmental pressure, stress state and the like) in the test process, visual data feedback and the like in the prior art, the invention provides a fatigue endurance test device aiming at a rivet structure, and aims at solving the existing problems. The first aspect of the present invention provides a fatigue endurance test apparatus for a rivet structure, the apparatus adopting the following technical scheme, comprising: the two detection components are symmetrically arranged, and a first air pump is arranged between the two detection components; wherein the detection means includes: The cover cylinder is provided with an opening at one end, a ring sleeve is fixedly sleeved outside the cover cylinder, the inner ring of the ring sleeve is communicated with the inside of the cover cylinder, and two ports of the first air pump are respectively communicated with the ring sleeve corresponding to the detection part; the support component is arranged on one side of the cover cylinder; The rotary driving assembly is arranged on the supporting assembly in a sliding manner along the axial direction of the cover cylinder, and the output end of the rotary driving assembly coaxially penetrates through the closed end of the cover cylinder and is connected with a clamping plate arranged in the cover cylinder, and the rotary driving assembly is used for driving