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CN-121674758-B - Preparation process of high-performance Cu-Ni-Fe alloy calculated and designed based on first sexual principle

CN121674758BCN 121674758 BCN121674758 BCN 121674758BCN-121674758-B

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation process of a high-performance Cu-Ni-Fe alloy calculated and designed based on a first sexual principle, and relates to the technical field of alloy material preparation. The process constructs a precise Cu-Ni-Fe ternary alloy thermodynamic database by combining a first sexual principle with a CALPHAD method, calculates a multi-element phase diagram based on the database to determine a component range, calculates optimized components of work function, elastic constant and thermal expansion coefficient by the first sexual principle, and obtains a finished product through smelting, heat treatment and forming processing. The final alloy comprises 30-75% of Cu, 10-30% of Ni and 10-30% of Fe, the tensile strength is not less than 816.4MPa, the total elongation at break is not less than 34.27%, the thermal expansion coefficient is less than 20×10 ‑6 /K, the alloy has excellent mechanical property and thermal stability, solves the problems of blindness in component design and large performance fluctuation in the traditional process, and is suitable for the fields of ocean engineering, electronic packaging and the like.

Inventors

  • LU ZHAO
  • ZHAO FANGYING
  • YU HONGBAO
  • HUANG CAIMIN
  • GAN FANGYU
  • YAO QINGRONG
  • JIANG KEWEI

Assignees

  • 南宁桂电电子科技研究院有限公司
  • 桂林电子科技大学

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20260210

Claims (6)

  1. 1. The preparation process of the high-performance Cu-Ni-Fe alloy based on the first sexual principle is calculated and designed, and is characterized by comprising the following steps of: (1) Thermodynamic design, namely collecting Cu-Fe, fe-Ni and Cu-Ni binary phase diagram data, thermochemical experimental data and thermodynamic basic data by adopting a first sexual principle and a CALPHAD method, evaluating the reliability of the data, verifying key phase diagram data through experiments, selecting a Gibbs free energy model, optimizing thermodynamic parameters and establishing a Cu-Ni-Fe ternary alloy thermodynamic database; (2) Based on the thermodynamic database, calculating an isothermal section of the Cu-Ni-Fe ternary alloy in a temperature range of 873K-1423K, a vertical section of a preset component system and a liquidus projection diagram, and preliminarily determining that the alloy comprises 20-80 atomic percent of Cu, 5-40 atomic percent of Ni and 5-40 atomic percent of Fe; (3) Calculating work function, elastic constant and thermal expansion coefficient of the alloy according to a first sexual principle, adjusting components based on calculation results, and determining final alloy components; (4) Smelting preparation, namely proportioning raw materials according to the final alloy components, and smelting the raw materials by adopting a smelting process to prepare an alloy ingot; (5) Carrying out heat treatment and forming processing on the alloy cast ingot in sequence to obtain a high-performance Cu-Ni-Fe alloy; in the step (3), the work function of the alloy calculated by the first sexual principle ranges from 4.5eV to 5.5eV, and the work function is the difference between the vacuum energy level and the Fermi energy level; In the step (3), the calculation of the thermal expansion coefficient comprises the steps of constructing 11 alloy structure files with 0.95-1.05 times of the expansion degree, calculating entropy, enthalpy, free energy and heat capacity data in a temperature range of 300K-2000K through a first principle, and determining that the thermal expansion coefficient of the alloy is less than 20 multiplied by 10 -6 /K in a temperature range of 300K-1200K; In the step (3), the elastic constant is satisfied that the bulk modulus K is 140GPa-190GPa, the shear modulus G is 35GPa-120GPa, the Young's modulus E is 90GPa-160GPa, and the Poisson's ratio v is 0.35-0.40; In the step (4), vacuum arc melting or induction melting is adopted in the melting process, the melting temperature is 1400-1800K, argon or nitrogen is introduced for protection during melting, the temperature is kept for 10-30 min after melting, and then casting is performed, wherein trace elements with atomic percent of 0.1-2% are also added into the raw materials, and the trace elements are one or more of Ti, zr or Mg.
  2. 2. The process for preparing a high performance Cu-Ni-Fe alloy according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), the gibbs free energy model is a sub-regular solution model, and the thermodynamic parameter optimization comprises model parameter fitting for the liquid phase (L), (αfe) phase, (γfe, ni) phase, and (Cu, ni) phase.
  3. 3. The preparation process of the high-performance Cu-Ni-Fe alloy calculated and designed based on the first principle of sex as claimed in claim 1, wherein the alloy composition range is preliminarily determined in the step (2) to be 30% -75% of Cu, 10% -30% of Ni and 10% -30% of Fe.
  4. 4. The preparation process of the high-performance Cu-Ni-Fe alloy calculated and designed based on the first principle of sex as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the heat treatment process is that heat preservation is carried out for 1h to 6h at the temperature of 873K to 1273K, and the heat preservation is cooled to room temperature along with a furnace or air-cooled to room temperature.
  5. 5. The process for preparing a Cu-Ni-Fe alloy of high performance as set forth in claim 1, wherein in step (5), the forming process is rolling, forging or extrusion, wherein the rolling temperature is 800K-1200K and the rolling reduction is 30% -70%.
  6. 6. The process for preparing a high-performance Cu-Ni-Fe alloy according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the high-performance Cu-Ni-Fe alloy has a tensile strength of at least 816.4MPa and a total elongation at break of at least 34.27%.

Description

Preparation process of high-performance Cu-Ni-Fe alloy calculated and designed based on first sexual principle Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of alloy material preparation, in particular to a preparation process of a high-performance Cu-Ni-Fe alloy calculated and designed based on a first sexual principle, which is particularly suitable for the fields of ocean engineering, electronic packaging, aerospace, precision machinery and the like with strict requirements on mechanical properties, thermal stability and corrosion resistance. Background The Cu-Ni-Fe alloy is an important multi-element alloy material, has high conductivity of copper, corrosion resistance of nickel and high strength of iron, and has an irreplaceable position in the industrial field. In the ocean engineering, the alloy can be used for manufacturing ship propellers, sea water desalination equipment and ocean platform structural members, needs to resist corrosion in high-salt and high-humidity environments, needs to be provided with a thermal expansion coefficient matched with a chip in the electronic packaging field, avoids packaging failure caused by temperature circulation, has stable mechanical properties in a wide temperature range (-50 ℃ to 800 ℃) in the aerospace field, meets the bearing requirements of the structural members, has high strength and good plasticity in the precision mechanical field, and ensures the processing precision and service life of parts. With the rapid development of industrial technology, the comprehensive performance requirements of Cu-Ni-Fe alloy are increasingly improved, and not only single performance indexes are required to be optimized, but also the cooperative improvement of strength, plasticity, corrosion resistance, thermal stability and processability is required to be realized. However, the traditional preparation process of the Cu-Ni-Fe alloy has a plurality of technical bottlenecks, and the performance upgrading and the application expansion of the traditional Cu-Ni-Fe alloy are severely restricted. First, traditional component design relies on empirical trial and error, and lacks scientific thermodynamic theory support. In the prior art, the alloy composition design is mostly based on experience accumulation of engineers or simple binary alloy performance estimation, and the interaction of each element in a ternary system and the influence of temperature on phase balance are not fully considered. Because the phase diagram data of the Cu-Ni-Fe ternary alloy is incomplete, especially in a critical application temperature range of 873K-1423K, the accurate data of an isothermal section, a vertical section and a liquidus projection diagram are missing, and the blindness of component design is strong. For example, part of the processes are to pursue high strength and blind increase of Fe content, which leads to increased brittleness and less than 20% of elongation at break of the alloy, while excessive increase of Cu content can improve conductivity, but can reduce corrosion resistance and high-temperature stability of the alloy, and cannot meet the severe requirements of ocean engineering or aerospace. The empirical design mode not only causes great fluctuation of alloy performance, but also needs to consume a great deal of manpower and material resources to carry out multiple tests, and has long research and development period (usually 6-12 months) and high research and development cost. Secondly, the existing thermodynamic database has the problem of insufficient precision. The calhatd (phase diagram calculation) method is a core tool for alloy thermodynamic design, but the traditional database depends on experimental data from a single source, does not carry out systematic evaluation on data reliability, and lacks experimental verification of key phase diagram data. For example, for the gibbs free energy model parameters of (γfe, ni) phases, (Cu, ni) phases in cu—ni—fe ternary alloys, the existing database mostly adopts default values or simple fitting, and the deviation from the actual experimental results is large (the deviation can reach 5% -10%). This results in that the phase diagram calculated based on the database does not accurately reflect the phase equilibrium state of the alloy at different temperatures and compositions, which in turn leads to a disjoint composition design and actual properties. In addition, the traditional database does not cover the influence of trace elements (such as Ti, zr and Mg) on the phase structure, and limits the space for optimizing the alloy performance by adding the trace elements. Third, alloy performance optimization lacks a multi-objective co-design concept. The traditional process only focuses on the improvement of a single performance index, such as the improvement of strength through solid solution strengthening, but neglects the regulation and control of key performances such as thermal expansion coefficient, corrosion