CN-121696541-B - Left-right double-head laser automatic welding jig system and welding method

Abstract

The invention discloses a left-right double-head laser automatic welding jig system and a welding method, which relate to the technical field of laser welding and are suitable for carrying out laser welding on joint seams of left and right corners in a jig after two sheet metal bending parts are automatically charged in a left-right balanced arrangement mode; the system comprises a jig body, an opening and closing mechanism, a seam reducing and pressing mechanism, left and right double-laser welding heads, a detection interlocking unit and a control unit, wherein the jig body is provided with a bearing platform, a fixed reference piece and a central limiting piece, the sheet metal bending piece is sleeved on the fixed reference piece, the central limiting piece is positioned between the two sheet metal bending pieces and presses the two sheet metal bending pieces outwards in an elastic sliding mode, and the control unit triggers the left and right double-laser welding heads to synchronously weld when the opening and closing mechanism and/or the seam reducing and pressing mechanism are in place and the gap value of a corner joint meets preset welding conditions and performs ignition interlocking when the conditions are not met, so that the stability and welding quality consistency of the corner joint are improved.

Inventors

• MO JUN
• KE ZENGSONG

Assignees

• 广东誉品实业有限公司

Dates

Publication Date

20260508

Application Date

20260214

Claims (6)

1. 1. The left-right double-head laser automatic welding jig system is suitable for automatically charging two sheet metal bending parts in a left-right balanced arrangement mode, and then carrying out laser welding on corner joint seams at the left side and the right side of the two sheet metal bending parts, and is characterized by comprising a jig body, an opening and closing mechanism, a seam reducing and pressing mechanism, left-right double-laser welding heads, a detection interlocking unit and a control unit, wherein the jig body is provided with a bearing platform, a fixed reference part and a center limiting part, the bearing platform is provided with the fixed reference part and the center limiting part, the fixed reference part is two positioning blocks penetrating through the left-right direction, the two positioning blocks are respectively a first fixed block and a second floating block, the first fixed block is fixedly arranged on the bearing platform, the bottom of the second floating block is provided with a sliding rail assembly, the sheet metal bending part at the left side is sleeved on the first fixed block, and the sheet metal bending part at the right side is sleeved on the second floating block; The central limiting piece slides in a limited manner along the left-right direction through the guide sliding component, and the left side surface and the right side surface of the central limiting piece are respectively provided with a first elastic element and respectively act on the first fixed block and the second floating block through elastic force; the central limiting part is positioned between the two sheet metal bending parts and can press the two sheet metal bending parts outwards in an elastic sliding manner; The opening and closing mechanism comprises a pulling actuator and a pushing actuator, the seam reducing and pressing mechanism comprises an outward moving linkage group, a left corner pressing claw, a right corner pressing claw and a releasing and pressing group, the outward moving linkage group comprises a first sliding pair and a linkage sliding pair, the left corner pressing claw and the right corner pressing claw are respectively and correspondingly arranged on the left side of the sheet metal bending piece and the right side of the sheet metal bending piece; the sliding rods of the first sliding pair, the linkage sliding pair and the second sliding pair are respectively provided with a second elastic element; the actuator is pulled to drive the first sliding pair and the linkage sliding pair to synchronously move outwards or return, so that the first sliding pair drives the pressing member to be close to or far away from the front sides of the two sheet metal bending pieces, and the linkage sliding pair drives the corner pressing claw on the left side to be close to or far away from the left side of the corresponding sheet metal bending piece; the pushing actuator limits or releases the right corner pressing claw through the second sliding pair, so that the second sliding pair drives the right corner pressing claw to be close to or far away from the right side of the corresponding sheet metal bending part; In the closing pressing stage, the pulling actuator and the pushing actuator return, the outward moving linkage group resets and performs elastic pressing on the front surface of the front side of the sheet metal bending piece under the action of the second elastic element, and the left corner pressing claw and the right corner pressing claw respectively rebound inwards to press the left side surface of the sheet metal bending piece and the right side surface of the sheet metal bending piece under the action of the second elastic element; the left and right double laser welding heads are respectively arranged facing the corner joint seams of the left and right sides of the two sheet metal bending parts; The detection interlocking unit at least comprises a gap detection assembly and an in-place detection assembly, the gap detection assembly is used for obtaining a gap value of the corner joint seam of the sheet metal bending piece, and the in-place detection assembly is used for obtaining an in-place state of the opening and closing mechanism and/or the seam reduction pressing mechanism; The control unit is electrically connected with the opening and closing mechanism, the left and right double-laser welding heads and the detection interlocking unit, and is used for triggering the two left and right double-laser welding heads to execute synchronous welding when the in-place state and the gap value of the corner joint seam on the left and right sides of the two sheet metal bending parts are judged to meet the preset welding condition, and executing ignition interlocking on the two left and right double-laser welding heads when the preset welding condition is not met.
2. 2. The left-right double-head laser automatic welding jig system according to claim 1 is characterized in that the center limiting piece pushes the center limiting piece and the second floating block to move outwards along with a corner pressing claw on the right side when the release pressing group is in an opening state to be assembled, two sides of the center limiting piece are provided with self-adaptive pressing surfaces in pressing contact with the side surfaces of two sheet metal bending pieces, the center limiting piece is used for fixing the moving direction through the guide sliding component, and the maximum pressing stroke is limited through the self-adaptive pressing surfaces, the pushing actuator and the first elastic element, so that flexible pressing capable of compensating tolerance is formed on the side surfaces of the two sheet metal bending pieces, and corner connecting joints of the two sheet metal bending pieces are reduced.
3. 3. The left-right double-head laser automatic welding jig system according to claim 2, wherein the gap detection component is a displacement/laser ranging sensor respectively arranged on corner joint joints of left and right sides of two sheet metal bending pieces, the detection direction is consistent with a normal direction of the corner joint joints, and the control unit uses the gap value of the corner joint joints of the left and right sides of the two sheet metal bending pieces as one of the preset welding conditions for allowing the left and right double-laser welding heads to ignite, wherein the gap value of the corner joint joints of the left and right sides of the two sheet metal bending pieces is not larger than a preset gap threshold value.
4. 4. The left-right double-head laser automatic welding jig system according to claim 3, further comprising a welding head calibration and anti-collision unit electrically connected with the control unit and an anti-collision detection program configured in the control unit, wherein the welding head calibration and anti-collision unit comprises a calibration reference piece for establishing a spatial reference of the left-right double-laser welding head relative to the jig body, and an anti-collision detection piece for detecting abnormal approaching of the left-right double-laser welding head or an attached optical component to the jig body or a sheet metal bending piece, and the control unit suspends the ignition action of the left-right double-laser welding head and executes the retraction action of the left-right double-laser welding head when the anti-collision detection program is triggered.
5. 5. A left-right double-head laser automatic welding method applied to the left-right double-head laser automatic welding jig system of claim 4, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps: S1, opening a to-be-assembled, namely controlling an opening and closing mechanism to enable a pulling actuator to drive an outward movement linkage group of a seam reduction pressing mechanism to move outward, enabling a pressing component arranged on the outward movement linkage group to move outward along the direction away from a first fixed block and a second floating block to form a loading channel, driving a left corner pressing claw to move outward to be away from the first fixed block so as to release the pressing of a left sheet metal bending piece, controlling a pushing actuator to drive a release pressing group, applying pushing to a right corner pressing claw to be away from the second floating block so as to release the pressing of the right sheet metal bending piece, enabling a center limiting piece to move outward along with the second floating block in an elastic sliding manner and maintain to open a to-be-assembled gap, and enabling the center limiting piece to be positioned between the first fixed block and the second floating block to be in an opening to-be-assembled state; S2, automatic charging, namely loading two sheet metal bending parts on a fixed reference part of a jig body through an automatic charging clamp, enabling the left sheet metal bending part to be sleeved on the first fixed block, enabling the right sheet metal bending part to be sleeved on the second floating block, and completing initial positioning; S3, closing the press fit seam reduction, namely controlling the pulling actuator to return to enable the outward movement linkage group to return and enabling the press fit member to be driven to press the sheet metal bending piece in a press fit stage in a rebound manner under the action of the second elastic element so as to reduce corner joint seams on the front face; controlling the pushing actuator to return to release the pushing of the release holding group, enabling the right corner pressing claw to rebound and press the right sheet metal bending piece under the action of the second elastic element, enabling the left corner pressing claw to reset along with the outward moving linkage group to restore the pressing of the left sheet metal bending piece, and enabling the two sheet metal bending pieces to form a seam reducing positioning towards the reference return of the fixed reference piece in the closing pressing stage under the elastic outward pressing cooperation of the central limiting piece so as to reduce a corner joint seam; S4, detecting, judging and interlocking, namely acquiring the in-place state of the opening and closing mechanism and/or the seam reduction pressing mechanism through a detection interlocking unit, and acquiring the gap value of the corner joint seam on the left side and the right side of the two sheet metal bending parts; s5, double-head synchronous welding, namely triggering the two left and right double-laser welding heads to execute synchronous welding on corner joint seams at the left side and the right side of the two sheet metal bending parts when the preset welding conditions are judged to be met, and executing ignition interlocking on the two left and right double-laser welding heads when the preset welding conditions are judged not to be met.
6. 6. The left-right double-headed laser automatic welding method according to claim 5, wherein, Before triggering double-head synchronous welding, a welding head calibration and anti-collision unit is called to establish a space reference of the left and right double-laser welding heads relative to the jig body, and when the anti-collision detection piece detects abnormal approaching, ignition is stopped and the rollback action of the left and right double-laser welding heads is executed.

Description

Left-right double-head laser automatic welding jig system and welding method Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of laser welding, in particular to a left-right double-head laser automatic welding jig system and a welding method. Background In the field of sheet metal structure manufacturing, a sheet metal part after bending and forming is generally required to weld a joint gap between adjacent plate surfaces so as to form a closed structure or meet the requirements of strength, sealing and appearance. Along with the wide application of the laser welding technology in sheet metal processing, the laser welding technology has the advantages of small heat input, high welding speed, good weld joint forming and the like, and is widely applied to automatic welding production of thin plates and precise sheet metal parts. However, for sheet metal parts with bending structures, particularly for structural forms of which the left and right sides are symmetrical or the left and right corners are required to be welded, the technical difficulty is still outstanding in the actual welding process. On one hand, the bent sheet metal part often has certain assembly tolerance at the left corner and the right corner, so that the sizes of corner joint seams are inconsistent, and on the other hand, the bent sheet metal part is influenced by the factors of elasticity rebound, insufficient local rigidity and the like of the sheet metal part, and the left corner and the right corner are easier to warp, misplacement or gap change under the action of welding heat input, so that the penetration stability and the weld consistency of laser welding are influenced. The existing laser welding tool mostly adopts a single-side compaction or integral compaction mode, has a certain supporting effect on a straight line welding line or a middle area, but is difficult to provide targeted clamping and supporting for local positions such as left corners and right corners, so that gaps of the left corners and the right corners in the welding process are difficult to effectively control. Meanwhile, the existing welding system mainly adopts a single laser head to sequentially weld left and right corners, so that the welding beat is long, the left and right corners are heated at different time, and the problems of welding deformation and welding quality fluctuation are further aggravated. In addition, the cooperative design of the welding tool and the welding process in the prior art is insufficient, the typical problem of welding left and right corners and gaps cannot be solved, a stable and reliable clamping support structure and an automatic welding method matched with the clamping support structure are formed, and the automatic production requirements of high consistency and high yield are difficult to meet. In summary, it is found that the prior art has at least the following technical problems: The existing laser welding jig lacks a specific clamping and supporting structure for a gap at the left corner and the right corner of a sheet metal bending part, the gap stability is poor when the left corner and the right corner are welded, the consistency of welding quality is difficult to guarantee, and the welding efficiency and the automation adaptability are required to be further improved. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a left-right double-head laser automatic welding jig system and a welding method, which are used for solving the problems that the existing laser welding jig lacks a targeted clamping and supporting structure for a left corner gap and a right corner gap of a sheet metal bending part, the stability of the gap is poor during left-right corner welding, the consistency of welding quality is difficult to ensure, and the welding efficiency and the automation adaptability are required to be further improved. The preferred technical solutions of the technical solutions provided by the present invention can produce a plurality of technical effects described below. In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: The invention provides a left-right double-head laser automatic welding jig system which is suitable for carrying out laser welding on left-right corner joint seams of two sheet metal bending parts in a jig after the two sheet metal bending parts are automatically charged in a left-right balanced arrangement mode, and comprises a jig body, wherein the jig body is provided with a bearing platform, a fixed reference part and a central limiting part, the sheet metal bending parts are sleeved on the fixed reference part, and the central limiting part is positioned between the two sheet metal bending parts and is used for pressing the two sheet metal bending parts outwards in an elastic sliding mode; the device comprises a carrying platform, a loading platform, a pulling actuator, a pushing actuator, a seam reducing pressing mechanism, two left