CN-121710993-B - High-low orbit satellite signal switching and calibrating system and method based on liquid crystal phased array

CN121710993BCN 121710993 BCN121710993 BCN 121710993BCN-121710993-B

Abstract

The invention provides a system and a method for switching and calibrating high-low orbit satellite signals based on a liquid crystal phased array, which relate to the technical field of satellite communication and comprise a liquid crystal phased array antenna module, a beam control module, a dynamic calibration module and a link adaptation module, wherein the liquid crystal phased array antenna module is used for realizing the receiving and transmitting of high-low orbit satellite signals and comprises a plurality of independently controllable liquid crystal phase shifting units, the beam control module is connected with the liquid crystal phased array antenna module, the liquid crystal phased array antenna is used for replacing a traditional mechanical scanning antenna and a gallium arsenide phased array antenna, millisecond-level beam switching is realized through inertia-free electronic scanning, the multi-beam generating capacity of one-sided multi-satellite is supported, the terminal architecture is obviously simplified, the equipment size, the weight and the power consumption are reduced, and the requirements of multi-scene application such as large switching delay, limited deployment of traditional equipment are solved, and satellite load and vehicle-mounted are adapted.

Inventors

YANG JIXING
HUANG YAOHUI
FANG YUDONG
XU YOUGUO
SHANG XINGWEI
JIN YING
LIU SHULIN
LI GUANGXING
ZHANG JIAO
Meng Jiani

Assignees

北京安信创业信息科技发展有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20251224

Claims (7)

1. The high-low orbit satellite signal switching and calibrating system based on the liquid crystal phased array comprises a liquid crystal phased array antenna module, a beam control module, a dynamic calibrating module and a link adapting module, and is characterized in that the liquid crystal phased array antenna module is used for receiving and transmitting high-low orbit satellite signals and comprises a plurality of independently controllable liquid crystal phase shifting units, and the inertia-free electronic scanning and multi-beam generation of beams are realized through voltage regulation; the beam control module is connected with the liquid crystal phased array antenna module, pre-stores high-low orbit satellite ephemeris data and a typical wave phase table, and is used for calculating the relative azimuth angle of a satellite in real time and outputting a beam pointing control instruction; the dynamic calibration module is integrated with the liquid crystal phased array antenna module and comprises a calibration signal source, a power division network, a coupler array and a amplitude and phase detection unit, and is used for realizing antenna channel amplitude and phase reference calibration, temperature-phase drift compensation and air interface pilot frequency joint calibration; The beam control module triggers the liquid crystal phased array antenna module to complete high-low orbit beam switching through a parallel phase driving mechanism, the dynamic calibration module compensates link errors in real time, the link adaptation module synchronously optimizes transmission parameters to realize seamless switching and stable transmission of high-low orbit satellite signals, the liquid crystal phased array antenna module adopts a 4×4 array architecture, the liquid crystal phase shifting unit is prepared based on nematic liquid crystal materials, and the single unit phase shifting precision is not less than or equal to Support(s) The antenna panel simultaneously generates at least 1 path of high-rail directional beam and 3 paths of low-rail directional beam through partition control, the dynamic calibration module adopts a calibration signal source-power division network-coupler-detector integrated structure, and is designed with a common substrate of a liquid crystal phased array antenna feed network, the overall thickness is less than 0.8mm, the weight is less than 50mW, the calibration signal source is a Ka/Ku dual-mode phase-locked loop signal source, the output frequency range is 19.5-26.0GHz, the beam control module is constructed based on an FPGA chip, a track parameter resolving unit, a wave position rapid identification unit and a parallel phase driving unit are integrated, the parallel phase driving unit adopts a 16-channel high-voltage DAC array, the output voltage range is 0-20V, the conversion rate is more than or equal to 1MSps, and synchronous voltage loading of the 16 paths of phase shifters is realized.
2. The method for switching and calibrating the high-low orbit satellite signals based on the liquid crystal phased array is applied to the system for switching and calibrating the high-low orbit satellite signals based on the liquid crystal phased array, and is characterized by comprising the following steps: s1, in a pre-configuration stage, acquiring orbit parameters and ephemeris data of a high orbit satellite and a low orbit satellite, calculating a phase shifter voltage-phase mapping relation corresponding to a typical wave position, generating an inter-orbit wave position phase table and an initial value of a calibration coefficient, and storing the initial value of the inter-orbit wave position phase table and the initial value of the calibration coefficient in a beam control module; s2, dynamic beam tracking and switching, wherein a beam control module calculates the relative azimuth angle of a satellite in real time, matches an optimal wave position, and controls a liquid crystal phased array antenna module to realize beam millisecond directional adjustment through a parallel phase driving mechanism so as to finish high-low orbit satellite link switching; S3, multi-dimensional dynamic calibration, namely based on a three-level calibration trigger mechanism, correcting antenna channel errors and link phase deviation in real time through channel amplitude-phase reference calibration, temperature-phase drift compensation and air interface pilot frequency joint calibration algorithm; s4, self-adaptive adaptation of link parameters, wherein a link adaptation module monitors link quality indexes, dynamically adjusts polarization mode, transmission frequency band, radiation power and Doppler frequency offset compensation parameters, and ensures link stability after switching; and the steps S2-S4 are executed in parallel, so that the cooperative linkage of switching and calibration of the high and low orbit satellite signals is realized.
3. The method for switching and calibrating high-low orbit satellite signals based on the liquid crystal phased array according to claim 2, wherein in the step S2, a pre-trigger-parallel regulation mechanism is adopted for beam switching, when the current link signal-to-noise ratio is detected to be lower than a threshold value or a target satellite enters a communication range, the target wave phase configuration is pre-read in advance for 5ms, and the beam switching time is less than 10ms.
4. The method for switching and calibrating high and low orbit satellite signals based on liquid crystal phased array as claimed in claim 2, wherein in S3, the three-stage calibration triggering mechanism comprises timing calibration, threshold triggering calibration and working condition switching calibration, wherein the timing calibration period is 24 hours, and the temperature change exceeds Or channel amplitude fluctuation exceeds 0.5 dB/phase fluctuation exceeds And triggering threshold calibration, and triggering working condition switching calibration before high-low rail switching or frequency band switching.
5. The method for switching and calibrating high and low orbit satellite signals based on the liquid crystal phased array according to claim 4, wherein in S3, the temperature-phase drift compensation is based on a liquid crystal dielectric constant-temperature-phase three-dimensional model, and the offset voltage of the phase shifter is corrected by the following formula: , Wherein Vcal is the calibrated voltage value, V0 is the normal temperature reference voltage, k is the temperature compensation coefficient, T is the real-time temperature, T0 is the normal temperature reference value, and the calibrated phase error < "> 。
6. The method for switching and calibrating high-low orbit satellite signals based on the liquid crystal phased array according to claim 2, wherein in S4, the Doppler frequency offset compensation adopts a PLL-FFT-VV dual-mode algorithm, the low dynamic scene starts PLL closed-loop compensation, the high dynamic scene switches to FFT-VV open-loop compensation, and the root mean square error of frequency offset estimation is less than or equal to 。
7. The method for switching and calibrating high-low orbit satellite signals based on the liquid crystal phased array according to claim 6, wherein in the step S4, the polarization mode adaptation realizes real-time conversion of circular polarization and linear polarization through phase cooperative regulation and control of a liquid crystal phase shifter, the axial ratio is stabilized within 3dB, and the polarization loss is reduced to below 0.5 dB.

Description

High-low orbit satellite signal switching and calibrating system and method based on liquid crystal phased array Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of satellite communication, in particular to a high-low orbit satellite signal switching and calibrating system and method based on a liquid crystal phased array. Background In the existing high-low orbit satellite cooperative communication system, a high-orbit satellite realizes wide area stable coverage by means of a geosynchronous orbit, signal transmission is mainly based on a satellite-ground link, long-distance communication is completed through a forwarding mode of a ground station-satellite-target terminal, a low-orbit satellite constructs a global seamless coverage network through a giant constellation and an inter-satellite link, low-time-delay communication is realized by means of a short transmission distance, and the cooperative and complementary length of the high-orbit satellite and the low-orbit satellite can meet diversified service requirements. The current core equipment for realizing high-low rail cooperation mainly relies on a mechanical scanning antenna and a traditional gallium arsenide phased array antenna, wherein the mechanical scanning antenna adjusts beam pointing through physical rotation, the traditional phased array antenna realizes beam forming and switching through an independent TR component, and the two types of equipment are widely applied in the existing high-low rail cooperation scene; in the prior art, however, a mechanical scanning antenna is limited by mechanical inertia, the scanning speed is low, the switching delay reaches the second level, the reliability is low, the volume and the weight are large, the rapid link switching requirement caused by the high-speed movement of a low-orbit satellite cannot be adapted, the rapid link switching requirement is difficult to deploy on a mobile platform, the traditional gallium arsenide phased array antenna is extremely high in cost and power consumption, the calibration process is complex, frequent external field intervention is needed, the heat dissipation difficulty is high, the large-scale deployment is restricted, meanwhile, the existing system lacks an integrated switching protocol aiming at the high-orbit and low-orbit heterogeneous characteristics, the problems of time delay difference, doppler frequency offset and the like are faced during the inter-orbit switching, the link instability is further aggravated by equipment parameter drift caused by space environment, the atmospheric turbulence interference and the like, and the communication continuity and the transmission quality are seriously influenced, so that the high-orbit satellite signal switching and calibration system and the method based on the liquid crystal phased array are provided to solve the problems in the prior art. Disclosure of Invention Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a high-low orbit satellite signal switching and calibrating system and method based on a liquid crystal phased array, which adopts the liquid crystal phased array antenna to replace the traditional mechanical scanning antenna and gallium arsenide phased array antenna, realizes millisecond beam switching through inertialess electronic scanning, supports multi-beam generating capacity of one-side-on-multi-satellite, remarkably simplifies terminal architecture, reduces equipment volume, weight and power consumption, solves the problems of large switching delay and limited deployment pain points of the traditional equipment, and adapts to the application requirements of multiple scenes such as satellite-borne, vehicle-mounted and the like. The invention aims at realizing the purposes by the following technical scheme that the high-low orbit satellite signal switching and calibrating system based on the liquid crystal phased array comprises a liquid crystal phased array antenna module, a beam control module, a dynamic calibrating module and a link adaptation module, wherein the liquid crystal phased array antenna module is used for realizing the receiving and transmitting of high-low orbit satellite signals and comprises a plurality of independently controllable liquid crystal phase shifting units, and the liquid crystal phase shifting units realize the inertialess electronic scanning and multi-beam generation of beams through voltage regulation; The beam control module triggers the liquid crystal phased array antenna module to complete high-low orbit beam switching through a parallel phase driving mechanism, the dynamic calibration module compensates link errors in real time, and the link adaptation module synchronously optimizes transmission parameters to achieve seamless switching and stable transmission of high-low orbit satellite signals. The liquid crystal phased array antenna module is further improved in that a 4 multiplied by 4 array architecture is adopted, a liquid crystal phase shifting uni