Search

CN-121717428-B - Vertical heterogeneous water salt co-production solar evaporator and preparation method and application thereof

CN121717428BCN 121717428 BCN121717428 BCN 121717428BCN-121717428-B

Abstract

The invention discloses a vertical heterogeneous water salt co-production solar evaporator and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of sea water desalination; wherein the pore diameters of the transmission channel and the water evaporation area are 30 μm to 250 μm, and the pore diameter of the salt crystallization area is 1 μm to 10 μm. According to the invention, the high-efficiency and stable desalination of the real sea water is realized through the multi-stage structural design of the solar evaporator, the performance bottleneck of the solar evaporator in the real sea water desalination is broken, the stable and high-efficiency sea water desalination can be realized without adding additional chemical agents, the sea water desalination cost can be reduced, and the water quality safety of the collected drinking water is ensured.

Inventors

  • JIANG LIN
  • LI SHIHUA
  • YANG HE
  • SUN YINGHUI
  • PENG MEIWEN

Assignees

  • 苏州大学

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20260225

Claims (6)

  1. 1. The preparation method of the vertical heterogeneous water salt co-production solar evaporator is characterized by comprising the following steps of: Preparing a first ink, a second ink and a third ink; Preparing the first ink, the second ink and the third ink into three-dimensional structures by using an increasing and decreasing material technology, and performing freeze drying, annealing and oxygen plasma treatment to obtain a transmission channel, a water evaporation area and a salt crystallization area, wherein the apertures of the transmission channel and the water evaporation area are 30-250 mu m, and the aperture of the salt crystallization area is 1-10 mu m; sequentially arranging the water evaporation area and the salt crystallization area on a transmission channel to obtain a vertical heterogeneous water salt co-production solar evaporator; When the material increasing and decreasing technology is a photocuring 3D printing technology, the components of the first ink, the second ink and the third ink all comprise photocuring resin, the unit cell parameters of the transmission channel and the water evaporation area are 1mm to 3mm, and the unit cell parameters of the salt crystallization area are 0.01mm to 0.3mm; When the additive-subtractive technique is an ink direct-write 3D printing technique or a freeze-cast technique, the components of the first and second inks include 1wt% to 5wt% of a carbon material, and the component of the third ink includes 1wt% to 5wt% of a carbon material and 10wt% to 40wt% of a polymer.
  2. 2. The method for preparing the vertical heterogeneous water-salt co-production solar evaporator according to claim 1, wherein when the material increasing and decreasing technology is a photocuring 3D printing technology, the transmission channel and the water evaporation area are cylindrical, and the salt crystallization area is in a lamp stand tree shape.
  3. 3. The method for producing a solar evaporator for co-production of vertical heterogeneous water and salt according to claim 1, wherein when the material increasing and decreasing technology is an ink direct writing 3D printing technology, the transmission channel and the water evaporation area are cylindrical, and the salt crystallization area is conical.
  4. 4. The method for producing a solar evaporator for co-production of vertical heterogeneous water and salt according to claim 1, wherein when the material increasing and decreasing technology is a freeze casting technology, the transmission channel, the water evaporation area and the salt crystallization area are all in a square shape.
  5. 5. Use of the vertical heterogeneous water salt co-production solar evaporator prepared by the method for preparing the vertical heterogeneous water salt co-production solar evaporator according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in sea water desalination.
  6. 6. A method for desalinating sea water, characterized in that the vertical heterogeneous water salt co-production solar evaporator prepared by the method for preparing the vertical heterogeneous water salt co-production solar evaporator according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is placed in sea water, and solar energy is converted into heat energy to desalinate sea water.

Description

Vertical heterogeneous water salt co-production solar evaporator and preparation method and application thereof Technical Field The invention relates to a vertical heterogeneous water salt co-production solar evaporator and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of sea water desalination. Background The solar evaporator is difficult to maintain stable operation for a long time in the seawater desalination process because non-volatile salts in the seawater can accumulate on the surface of the evaporator, which not only blocks a water supply channel, but also reduces solar absorptivity. Methods have been developed to avoid salt crystallization at the evaporation interface to ensure stable operation of the solar evaporator, including self-dissolution and physical removal, construction of asymmetric interfaces, enhanced diffusion reflux, and co-production of water salts. However, most solar evaporators can only realize stable evaporation in simulated seawater (NaCl solution) at present, and the types of cations contained in real seawater are far more complex than those of the simulated seawater, wherein the real seawater contains main cations such as Na +、K+、Ca2+, mg 2+ and the like. Therefore, when the real sea water is desalted by most solar evaporators, salt formed by Mg 2+ can fill gaps among NaCl crystals to form a compact salt shell layer, so that the microstructure of the evaporator is blocked, the evaporation performance is reduced, and even the evaporator can hardly work. Although it has been reported that adding salt crystallization inhibitors (nitrilotriacetic acid) to seawater solves the problem of salt accumulation in real seawater, the salt accumulation is made more loose by changing the lattice of sodium chloride so as to smoothly transport water to the evaporation interface. However, the solar evaporator adopting the method has lower salt-tolerant evaporation rate, and the addition of salt crystallization inhibitor to the seawater increases the cost of seawater desalination undoubtedly. In addition, nitrilotriacetic acid can bring potential safety hazards to the quality of the collected drinking water. It is thus a current challenge to achieve a high efficiency stable desalination of real sea water at low cost and without additional chemical addition. The evaporator disclosed in journal Nature-communication 2021,12,998 requires the addition of salt crystallization inhibitors to stably desalinate high-concentration real seawater (total salinity 16.8wt%, mg 2+ concentration 3g·L -1). The evaporator disclosed in the journal energy and environment science 2025,18,454-467 can stably desalinate real seawater with the low concentration of Mg 2+ of 0.0661 g.L -1 (the total salinity is 27.3 wt%), but cannot stably desalinate high-concentration real seawater with the high concentration of Mg 2+ of more than 0.56 g.L -1. The evaporator disclosed in the Chinese patent with publication number of CN117326615A can stably desalinate high-concentration simulated seawater (NaCl solution with concentration of 20wt%) to realize stable water-salt co-production, but cannot desalinate real seawater. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a vertical heterogeneous water salt co-production solar evaporator, a preparation method and application thereof, and efficient and stable desalination of real sea water is realized through multistage structural design of the solar evaporator. In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, the invention provides a vertical heterogeneous water-salt co-production solar evaporator, which comprises a transmission channel, a water evaporation zone arranged on the transmission channel and a salt crystallization zone arranged on the water evaporation zone, wherein the apertures of the transmission channel and the water evaporation zone are 30-250 mu m, and the aperture of the salt crystallization zone is 1-10 mu m. In a second aspect, the invention provides a method for preparing a vertical heterogeneous water salt co-production solar evaporator, which comprises the following steps: Preparing a first ink, a second ink and a third ink; Preparing the first ink, the second ink and the third ink into three-dimensional structures by using an increasing and decreasing material technology, and performing freeze drying, annealing and oxygen plasma treatment to obtain a transmission channel, a water evaporation area and a salt crystallization area, wherein the apertures of the transmission channel and the water evaporation area are 30-250 mu m, and the aperture of the salt crystallization area is 1-10 mu m; and sequentially arranging the water evaporation area and the salt crystallization area on a transmission channel to obtain the vertical heterogeneous water salt co-production solar evaporator. With reference to the second aspect, further, the material increasing and