CN-121762947-B - Local oscillator near-field electromagnetic field regulation and control device and method

CN121762947BCN 121762947 BCN121762947 BCN 121762947BCN-121762947-B

Abstract

The invention provides a local oscillator near field electromagnetic field regulating and controlling device and a method, which belong to the technical field of quantum sensing and electromagnetic measurement, wherein the local oscillator near field electromagnetic field regulating and controlling device sequentially comprises a metal floor layer, a substrate layer and a metal layer from bottom to top, the metal layer is composed of an asymptote and a periodic structure, wherein the periodic structure is formed by combining a plurality of periodic unit structure arrays with the same structure, and N ports are arranged between the adjacent periodic unit structures. The regulation and control method is realized based on the Redberg atom receiving system and the local oscillation near field electromagnetic field regulation and control device, and the local oscillation near field electromagnetic field regulation and control device is applied to the Redberg atom receiving system to provide a stable and controllable local oscillation electromagnetic field for an atom mixing process. The invention can regulate and control the near field distribution of electromagnetic waves in the atomic gas chamber, realizes the accurate and controllable regulation of the near field electric field in the constraint space, and is beneficial to improving the sensitivity and expandability of the system.

Inventors

LI HUI
GAO FEI
Zhu Langchen
CHANG YUPENG
MEI LIANG
WANG WEI

Assignees

大连理工大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20260303

Claims (10)

1. The local oscillator near field electromagnetic field regulation and control device is characterized in that the local oscillator near field electromagnetic field regulation and control device (39) sequentially comprises a metal floor layer (1), a substrate layer (2) and a metal layer (3) from bottom to top, wherein the metal layer (3) is composed of an asymptote (4) and a periodic structure, the periodic structure is formed by combining a plurality of periodic unit structures (5) with the same structure in an array manner, N ports (6) are arranged between every two adjacent periodic unit structures (5), and the local oscillator near field electromagnetic field regulation and control device is characterized in that: the metal floor layer (1) is of a continuous metal plane structure and is positioned at the bottommost part; The substrate layer (2) is arranged above the metal floor layer (1) and is tightly attached to the metal floor layer (1), the substrate layer (2) is made of a dielectric material, and the substrate layer (2) is used for carrying out electromagnetic isolation on the metal floor layer (1) and the metal layer (3) in the vertical direction; The metal layer (3) is arranged on the upper surface of the substrate layer (2), the metal layer (3) is a continuous metal conducting layer, in the metal layer (3), the left asymptote (4) and the right periodic structure are directly connected electrically to form an integrated metal transmission structure, electromagnetic coupling is carried out, and local near-field response is generated by the local oscillator signal excitation periodic unit structure (5) propagated on the asymptote (4).
2. The local oscillator near field electromagnetic field regulation and control device according to claim 1, wherein the asymptote (4) extends along the transmission direction, the trend, the width and the position layout between the asymptote (4) and the unit structure determine the spatial distribution form of the local oscillator near field together, the periodic unit structures (5) are periodically arranged along the transmission direction of the asymptote (4), and a plurality of periodic unit structures (5) are sequentially arranged to form a two-dimensional periodic structure.
3. The local oscillator near field electromagnetic field regulation and control device according to claim 1, wherein each periodic unit structure (5) is of a square metal structure, and port interface areas are reserved inwards on four sides of the periodic unit structure respectively, so that the periodic unit structure (5) can form controllable electromagnetic coupling channels with adjacent periodic units while maintaining structural symmetry.
4. The local oscillator near field electromagnetic field regulation and control device according to claim 1, wherein the ports (6) are provided with N, N ports (6) are respectively arranged between two adjacent periodic unit structures (5) and are electrically connected with corresponding port interface areas, lumped parameter loading elements are introduced through the ports (6), and equivalent electromagnetic connection relations between the adjacent periodic unit structures (5) are changed; The port states of the N ports (6) comprise an open-circuit state, a short-circuit state, a capacitance loading state and an inductance loading state, and the equivalent capacitance, the equivalent inductance or the coupling strength between the corresponding periodic unit structures (5) are respectively changed by applying different port states to different ports (6), so that the reconstruction of the equivalent electromagnetic parameters of the periodic unit structures (5) is realized, and finally the discrete regulation and control of the overall electromagnetic response of the periodic structures are realized.
5. A local oscillator near field electromagnetic field regulation and control device according to claim 1, characterized in that in the local oscillator near field electromagnetic field regulation and control device (39): a through hole structure (42) is additionally arranged in the periodic structure of the metal layer (3), and the structural freedom degree of near-field electromagnetic regulation is expanded; A plurality of laminated structures are additionally arranged above the metal layer (3), each laminated structure comprises an intermediate dielectric layer (43) and a top metal layer (44), and the intermediate dielectric layer (43) is made of dielectric materials.
6. The local oscillator near field electromagnetic field regulation and control method is characterized by being realized based on a Redberg atom receiving system and the local oscillator near field electromagnetic field regulation and control device as claimed in any one of claims 1-5, and comprises the following steps: Firstly, constructing a coupling system of a Redburg atom receiving system and a local oscillation near field electromagnetic field regulating device (39) to obtain a superheterodyne Redburg atom receiving system, wherein the local oscillation near field electromagnetic field regulating device (39) is arranged between a horn antenna (37) and a sensing air chamber (38) of the Yu Lide fort atom receiving system, the sensing air chamber (38) is positioned above a metal layer (3) of the local oscillation near field electromagnetic field regulating device, and the horn antenna (37) is positioned at the side; The second step, a local oscillator near field electromagnetic field regulation device (39) is electrically connected with a signal source in the coupling system constructed in the first step, is arranged below a sensing air chamber (38), introduces a plurality of controllable ports into the preset local oscillator near field electromagnetic field regulation device (39), performs unified parametric description on the electrical state and parameters of each port, and establishes a port parameter model of the local oscillator near field electromagnetic field regulation device (39); the third step is to perform three-dimensional full-wave electromagnetic simulation based on the port parameter model to obtain scattering parameters, namely to obtain electromagnetic response characteristics of the structure under different port configurations through electromagnetic simulation calculation, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps: Step 3.1, establishing a complete three-dimensional simulation model of a local oscillator near-field electromagnetic field regulating and controlling device (39) in three-dimensional full-wave electromagnetic simulation software, and introducing N ports and port state parameters thereof defined in the second step into the three-dimensional simulation model; Step 3.2, electromagnetic simulation calculation is carried out on the local oscillator near field electromagnetic field regulation and control device (39) with N ports, and scattering parameters of the local oscillator near field electromagnetic field regulation and control device (39) with N ports in a target frequency band are obtained Wherein f represents a frequency variable, Representing a scattering parameter matrix; calculating an impedance matrix of the port based on the scattering parameter matrix obtained in the third step, and representing equivalent electromagnetic coupling characteristics of a local oscillator near-field electromagnetic field regulating device (39) with N ports; calculating near-field electromagnetic distribution based on an impedance matrix and extracting atomic action region characteristic parameters to obtain near-field electromagnetic distribution characteristics of a local oscillator near-field electromagnetic field regulating device (39) in a target frequency band; The sixth step of constructing a multi-objective optimization function by combining the actual requirement of the superheterodyne Redberg atomic receiving system on the local oscillation near field environment, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and 6.1, constructing a multi-objective optimization function according to the actual requirement of an atomic mixing process on a local oscillation near field electromagnetic field, wherein the multi-objective optimization function is as follows: The constraint conditions are as follows: wherein D is a port state feasible region; Representing a first objective function; representing a second objective function; representing a third objective function; representing the optimization variables; Representing the average field strength in the atomic region of action at that frequency; representing the true working center frequency; Representing a minimum field strength threshold required to meet the mixing operation; step 6.2, the multi-target optimization targets comprise an electric field uniformity index, an effective field intensity index and a working stability index in a target frequency band in an atomic action area; Adopting an NSGA-III multi-objective optimization algorithm to carry out iterative optimization on the port state and parameters thereof, and solving to obtain a pareto optimal solution set containing parameter combination points; selecting a port configuration scheme meeting engineering design requirements on the basis of the non-dominant solution set obtained in the seventh step to obtain an optimal port configuration scheme, and applying the optimal port configuration scheme to a superheterodyne Redburg atomic receiving system to obtain an optimized local oscillation near field electromagnetic field regulation device; And a ninth step of arranging the optimized local oscillation near field electromagnetic field regulating device in a lower area of the atomic air chamber to form a stable local oscillation near field electromagnetic environment meeting superheterodyne mixing conditions in an atomic action area.
7. The local oscillator near field electromagnetic field regulation and control method according to claim 6 is characterized in that in the first step, a horn antenna (37) converts an electric signal to be measured into free space electromagnetic waves and irradiates the free space electromagnetic waves to a region where a sensing air chamber (38) is located, a local oscillator near field electromagnetic field regulation and control device (39) arranged below the sensing air chamber (38) is electrically connected with a signal source (40) and is used for receiving stable local oscillator signals and generating local oscillator near field electromagnetic fields with controllable spatial distribution in an atomic action region in the sensing air chamber (38), and the local oscillator near field electromagnetic fields interact with the electromagnetic signals to be measured, which are radiated into the sensing air chamber (38) by the horn antenna (37), so that superheterodyne mixing is realized in an atomic response process.
8. The method for regulating and controlling local oscillator near field electromagnetic field according to claim 7, wherein the second step specifically comprises: step 2.1, introducing N ports into a local oscillator near-field electromagnetic field regulation device (39), wherein N is a positive integer, and the N ports are respectively arranged between adjacent periodic unit structures (5) and are used for realizing the adjustable loading of structural equivalent electromagnetic parameters; 2.2, parameterizing and defining port states of N ports, wherein the port states comprise an open state, a short circuit state, a capacitance loading state and an inductance loading state; When the port is in a capacitive loading state, introducing a capacitance value C i as a port parameter variable, when the port is in an inductive loading state, introducing an inductance value L i as a port parameter variable, wherein i=1, 2, & gt, N, when the port is in an open state, defining the equivalent impedance of the port as a high impedance state, and not connecting any electrical connection element at the corresponding port position to keep electrical isolation between adjacent structural units; the open state and the short state are used as discrete structure state variables of the port, and form a port parameter set together with the capacitive loading state and the inductive loading state, so as to establish a port parameter model of the local oscillator near-field electromagnetic field regulation and control device (39).
9. The method of claim 8, wherein in the fourth step, the method is based on a scattering parameter matrix Calculating according to the parameter conversion relation to obtain a corresponding port impedance matrix Wherein Z 0 is the reference impedance, I is the identity matrix, The impedance matrix of the local oscillator near-field electromagnetic field regulation and control device with N ports is represented and used for representing the equivalent electromagnetic coupling relation among the ports; 。
10. The method for regulating and controlling local oscillator near field electromagnetic field according to claim 9, wherein the fifth step specifically comprises: step 5.1 impedance matrix based Calculating a near-field electromagnetic distribution result of the local oscillator near-field electromagnetic field regulating device (39) in a target frequency band; And 5.2, calculating near field electromagnetic field characteristic parameters corresponding to the atomic action area according to the near field electromagnetic distribution result in the step 5.1, wherein the near field electromagnetic field characteristic parameters comprise electric field amplitude distribution in the atomic action area, effective field intensity and space uniformity indexes.

Description

Local oscillator near-field electromagnetic field regulation and control device and method Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of quantum sensing and electromagnetic measurement, relates to a local oscillator near field electromagnetic field regulation device and method, and particularly relates to a local oscillator near field electromagnetic field regulation device and method applied to a superheterodyne Redburg atomic receiving system. Background In recent years, the electromagnetic field detection and receiving technology based on the Redberg atoms gradually becomes an important research direction in the fields of quantum sensing and electromagnetic measurement due to the advantages of the technology in the aspects of broadband coverage, high sensitivity, traceable quantum metering and the like. By utilizing the strong response characteristic of the Redberg atoms to the electric field and combining an EIT modulation spectrum and a Autler-Townes split spectrum, the high-resolution measurement of the weak electric field of the external electromagnetic signal can be realized. The super heterodyne receiving architecture provides that the intermediate frequency signal is generated through the nonlinear interaction of the local oscillation electromagnetic field and the signal to be detected in the atomic system, and an effective means is provided for improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the system, expanding the dynamic range and realizing complex signal processing. Therefore, the superheterodyne reed-burg atomic receiving system is considered as one of important technical routes for realizing the novel quantum receiver. In the existing superheterodyne reed-burg atomic receiving system, the local oscillation electromagnetic field is usually introduced by an external antenna, a waveguide or a free space radiation mode, and acts on the atomic gas chamber at a certain distance. The scheme relies on far field or quasi-far field radiation assumption, and the area where the atomic gas chamber is located is approximately regarded as a uniform field area irradiated by plane waves. However, as the system is miniaturized and integrated, the space distance between the local oscillator radiating structure and the atomic gas chamber needs to be further reduced, which makes the atomic system work in the near field region of the radiating structure. Under the near field condition, the electromagnetic field inevitably shows obvious characteristics of space non-uniformity, wave front bending, rapid amplitude change and the like, so that the local oscillation field intensity and the phase of atoms at different space positions in the gas chamber are inconsistent, the requirements of an atomic system on the coherence and uniformity of the local oscillation field are destroyed, the stability of a superheterodyne mixing process is further influenced, and the resolvable scale and the effective response range of the atomic system are reduced. Aiming at the problem of influence of local oscillation near-field electromagnetic environment on system performance, a certain solution idea is provided by related researches and patents. For example, china patent 202311871439.7 discloses a field intensity linking method, a system and equipment for measuring the field intensity of a Redburg atom, and by constructing an internal calibration factor, the quantitative mapping relation between a superheterodyne output signal and absolute electric field intensity is realized, and the method has positive significance in measurement accuracy and traceability. However, the technical proposal mainly focuses on the problem of calibration and magnitude connection of measurement results, does not relate to the miniaturization and integration of a superheterodyne local oscillation structure, and does not start from an electromagnetic radiation structure per se to actively regulate and control local oscillation near field electromagnetic field distribution characteristics in an atomic action area under the superheterodyne working condition. In an actual system, the response consistency and superheterodyne mixing stability of an atomic system can still be directly affected due to the fact that the spatial non-uniformity, amplitude fluctuation and coherence of a local oscillation near-field electromagnetic field are insufficient. In the prior art, solutions to the above problems have focused on increasing the local oscillation power, increasing the distance between the local oscillation radiating structure and the atomic gas chamber, or introducing a three-dimensional cavity or shielding structure with a complex structure to form relatively uniform electromagnetic field distribution in the atomic region. However, the method often leads to a significant increase in system volume and structural complexity, and is difficult to meet the requirements of field strength enhancement and spatial uniformity regulation under near-field working