CN-121805919-B - Device for testing magnetic force between permanent magnets in all directions and calculation method

CN121805919BCN 121805919 BCN121805919 BCN 121805919BCN-121805919-B

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of magnetic parameter measurement, and discloses a device and a method for testing the multidirectional magnetic force between permanent magnets. The device utilizes electronic slip table and vertical slip table to construct three-dimensional motion platform, gathers the magnetic force of tile shape permanent magnet under different space displacement in real time through the sensor, not only can satisfy the atress test demand of interior/external rotor permanent magnet under axial, radial and tangential dislocation state, but also accessible adjustment anchor clamps adaptation not unidimensional interior/external rotor permanent magnet. Meanwhile, the magnetic force calculation method provided by the invention takes an equivalent magnetic charge model under a cylindrical coordinate system as a theoretical basis, and the three-dimensional magnetic acting force of the inner/outer rotor permanent magnet under any space relative position is accurately solved through quadruple integration. By means of the testing device and the calculation model, accurate actual measurement and theoretical verification of the magnetic force of the permanent magnet in each direction can be achieved, calculation is simple and convenient, the fitness is high, and the testing and calculating method is universal in engineering and convenient.

Inventors

ZHANG YANG
WANG SHUCE
ZHAO ZHIHUA
ZHOU MENGDE
CHENG XIKANG
LI YANGYANG
ZHAO JIANXIANG
ZHAO KANGBO
LIU WEI

Assignees

大连理工大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260311

Claims (4)

1. The device for testing the magnetic force between the permanent magnets in all directions is characterized by comprising a test platform (1), an electric sliding table (2), a sliding table sliding block (3), a vertical sliding table base (4), a vertical sliding table (5), a sliding block (6), a vertical sliding table side scale (7), a vertical sliding table self-locking device (8), a vertical sliding table height adjusting device (9), a connecting plate (10), a sensor adapter plate (11), a three-dimensional force sensor (12), an adapter plate (13) between the force sensor and a magnetic steel groove of the outer rotor, the magnetic steel groove of the outer rotor (14), the outer rotor permanent magnet (15), an inner rotor permanent magnet (16), a magnetic steel groove pressing plate (17) and an inner rotor magnetic steel groove (18); The test platform (1) is horizontally fixed on the ground, the electric sliding table (2) is arranged on the upper surface of the test platform (1), the inner rotor magnetic steel groove (18) is connected with a sliding table sliding block (3) on the electric sliding table (2) to enable the inner rotor magnetic steel groove (18) to reciprocate along the axial direction along with the sliding table sliding block (3), the inner rotor permanent magnet (16) is embedded and arranged in the inner rotor magnetic steel groove (18), a magnetic steel groove pressing plate (17) is fixed on two sides of the inner rotor magnetic steel groove (18) to realize the compression limit of the inner rotor permanent magnet (16), the vertical sliding table base (4) is fixed on the upper surface of the test platform (1) to adjust the relative position between the electric sliding table and the electric sliding table (2), the vertical sliding table (5) is arranged on the vertical sliding table base (4), the connecting plate (10) is connected with a sliding block (6) on the vertical sliding table side scale (7) to be fixed on the side surface of the vertical sliding table (5), the vertical sliding table self-locking device (8) is arranged on the rear surface of the vertical sliding table (5), the vertical sliding table height adjusting device (9) is arranged on the upper surface of the vertical sliding table (5) to adjust the upper surface of the connecting plate (11), the fixed end of the three-dimensional force sensor (12) is connected with the sensor adapter plate (11), the measuring end of the three-dimensional force sensor (12) is connected with the outer rotor magnetic steel groove (14) through the adapter plate (13) between the force sensor and the outer rotor magnetic steel groove, the outer rotor permanent magnet (15) is embedded and installed in the outer rotor magnetic steel groove (14), and centering assembly of the inner rotor permanent magnet (16) and the outer rotor permanent magnet (15) and construction of magnetic force tests in all directions among the permanent magnets are completed.
2. A method for calculating the magnetic force of each direction by using the device for measuring the magnetic force of each direction between permanent magnets according to claim 1, comprising the steps of: firstly, establishing a space geometric mapping model under a global Cartesian coordinate system; Establishing a global Cartesian coordinate system O-XYZ, a local cylindrical coordinate system O 1 -R 1 θ 1 X 1 of an inner rotor permanent magnet (16) and a local cylindrical coordinate system O 2 -R 2 θ 2 X 2 of an outer rotor permanent magnet (15), and converting three-dimensional space deviation into relative position vectors and linear distances between infinitesimal; secondly, analyzing an integral model based on three-dimensional magnetic force of pole face equivalent magnetic charges; Based on an equivalent magnetic charge method and coulomb law, macroscopic magnetic force between an inner rotor permanent magnet (16) and an outer rotor permanent magnet (15) is regarded as vector sum of coulomb acting force between countless micro-element points on the surface of a magnetic pole, and axial force, lateral force and radial force of the outer rotor permanent magnet (15) and the inner rotor permanent magnet (16) are decoupled and solved through quadruple analysis integration.
3. The method for calculating the multidirectional magnetic force of the multidirectional magnetic force testing apparatus between permanent magnets according to claim 2, wherein the specific implementation process of the first step is as follows: Establishing a global Cartesian coordinate system O-XYZ as a space reference, wherein an origin O is a geometric center point of an inner rotor permanent magnet (16), an X direction is an axial direction of the inner rotor permanent magnet (16), a Y direction is a transverse direction of the inner rotor permanent magnet (16), and a Z direction is a radial direction of the inner rotor permanent magnet (16): The inner rotor permanent magnet (16) is defined in a local cylindrical coordinate system O 1 -R 1 θ 1 X 1 , wherein an origin O 1 coincides with an origin O of a global Cartesian coordinate system, the X 1 direction is the axial direction of the inner rotor permanent magnet (16), and the R 1 direction is the radial direction of the inner rotor permanent magnet (16); radial range: Wherein R in1 represents the inner radius of the inner rotor permanent magnet (16), and R out1 represents the outer radius of the inner rotor permanent magnet (16); angular range: wherein alpha is the polar arc angle of the inner rotor permanent magnet; Axial range: Wherein L 1 is the axial length of the inner rotor permanent magnet (16); The outer rotor permanent magnet (15) is defined in a local cylindrical coordinate system O 2 -R 2 θ 2 X 2 , wherein the space offset of an origin O 2 relative to the origin O 1 is (the direction of e x , e y , z 0 ),X 2 is the axial direction of the outer rotor permanent magnet (15), and the direction of R 2 is the radial direction of the outer rotor permanent magnet (15); radial range: Wherein R in2 represents the inner radius of the outer rotor permanent magnet (15), and R out2 represents the outer radius of the outer rotor permanent magnet (15); angular range: wherein beta is the polar arc angle of the outer rotor permanent magnet; Axial range: Wherein L 2 is the axial length of the outer rotor permanent magnet (15); The axial displacement e x of the electric sliding table (2), the lateral eccentricity e y determined by the installation reference and the vertical displacement Z 0 of the vertical sliding table (5); let the relative position vector of any micro-point P 1 (r 1 ,θ 1 ,x 1 on the inner rotor permanent magnet (16) pointing to any micro-point P 2 (r 2 ,θ 2 ,x 2 on the outer rotor permanent magnet (15) be r 12 , and under the global Cartesian coordinate system, the three components DeltaX, deltaY, deltaZ of the relative position vector are as follows: The linear distance between the infinitesimal point P 1 (r 1 ,θ 1 ,x 1 ) and the infinitesimal point P 2 (r 2 ,θ 2 ,x 2 ) is the modulo length: 。
4. The method for calculating the multidirectional magnetic force of the multidirectional magnetic force testing apparatus between permanent magnets according to claim 3, wherein the implementation process of the second step is as follows: Let inner rotor permanent magnet (16) and outer rotor permanent magnet (15) all magnetize along radial, inner rotor permanent magnet remanence is B r1 , outer rotor permanent magnet remanence is B r2 , vacuum permeability is mu 0 , then magnetization M is defined as: Wherein, B r is the residual magnetism B r1 of the permanent magnet of the inner rotor or the residual magnetism B r2 of the permanent magnet of the outer rotor; equivalent surface magnetic charge density according to electromagnetic field boundary conditions Determined by the dot product of the magnetization M and the surface normal n: The magnetic charges are mainly distributed on the inner cylindrical surface and the outer cylindrical surface of the inner rotor permanent magnet (16) and the outer rotor permanent magnet (15), the magnetization intensity of the inner rotor permanent magnet (16) is M 1 , the magnetization intensity of the outer rotor permanent magnet (15) is M 2 , the magnetization intensity is positive on the N pole face, the S pole face is negative, and the equivalent surface magnetic charge densities of the corresponding pole faces of the inner rotor permanent magnet (16) and the outer rotor permanent magnet (15) are respectively: Substituting magnetization M into the above formula to obtain: Taking inner rotor surface infinitesimal dS 1 and outer rotor surface infinitesimal dS 2 , wherein the magnetic charges of inner rotor surface infinitesimal dS 1 and outer rotor surface infinitesimal dS 2 are respectively as follows: according to coulomb magnetic charge law, the interaction force between the inner rotor surface infinitesimal dS 1 and the outer rotor surface infinitesimal dS 2 is obtained: The obtained magnetic charge amount is further finished: substituting the magnetic charge amount obtained by further finishing into the interaction force to obtain the following components: under a partial cylindrical coordinate system, the inner rotor surface infinitesimal dS 1 is unfolded to be R 1 dθ 1 dx 1 , the outer rotor surface infinitesimal dS 2 is unfolded to be R 2 dθ 2 dx 2 , and the infinitesimal dS 1 is substituted into the above formula to obtain: four-fold analysis integral calculation formula: Because the inner rotor and the outer rotor are respectively provided with two main radial pole faces, namely an inner diameter face and an outer diameter face, the total magnetic force is formed by superposing the integrals of 4 groups of interaction faces; The three-way forces are respectively as follows: Wherein F x is axial force, F y is lateral force and F z is radial force, R 1i and R 2j respectively represent boundary radii of the inner rotor permanent magnet (16) and the outer rotor permanent magnet (15), subscripts i, j epsilon {1,2} are used for dividing inner radius surfaces and outer radius surfaces of the inner rotor permanent magnet (16) and the outer rotor permanent magnet (15), 1 represents the inner radius surface, 2 represents the outer radius surface, R 11 is the inner radius R in1 ,R 12 is the outer radius R out1 for the inner rotor permanent magnet (16), and R 21 is the inner radius R in2 ,R 22 and is the outer radius R out2 for the outer rotor permanent magnet (15).

Description

Device for testing magnetic force between permanent magnets in all directions and calculation method Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of magnetic parameter measurement, and relates to a device and a method for testing the multidirectional magnetic force between permanent magnets. Background The magnetic force between permanent magnets is a core physical quantity in various magnetic suspension support structures, permanent magnet couplings, magnetic actuators, and multi-physical field coupling magnetic mechanisms. In particular, in rotary magnetic transmission and magnetic bearing mechanisms, in order to achieve a compact structural design and optimize air gap flux density, a sector ring type permanent magnet is widely used as a core excitation element. The relative position of the permanent magnet in the three-dimensional space (including axial offset, radial offset, angular difference and other factors) has a direct influence on the magnitude and direction of the magnetic force, and the change of the magnetic force can further influence the motion state, rigidity characteristic and stability of the magnetic field testing device. Therefore, the accurate measurement of the directional force between the permanent magnets has important engineering application values for magnetic mechanism design, magnetic loading system modeling, magnetic structure optimization and device performance verification. Aiming at a permanent magnet magnetic force testing device, zheng Yan, an open flywheel and the like drive a standard magnetic stripe to rotate through an adjusting mechanism in a patent 'magnetic pole magnetic force detection mechanism' (CN 223108043U) so as to match magnetic poles, and a product to be tested is fixed by a cylinder, and the separation detection of the product and the magnetic stripe is realized by matching an electric push rod with a tension meter. However, the mechanism mainly aims at regular strip magnets such as refrigerator door seals, focuses on discrete detection of unidirectional pulling-out force, lacks continuous measurement capability of multidimensional stress of the fan-shaped annular permanent magnet in a three-dimensional space, and cannot meet strict limit and precise fine adjustment requirements of various degrees of freedom of the large-suction magnet in a high-precision assembly scene. Therefore, the tool which is high in universality and capable of accurately controlling and measuring the assembly stress of the fan-shaped ring-shaped permanent magnet through the three-dimensional motion platform is provided, and has important significance for the research of permanent magnet transmission equipment. Aiming at the multidirectional magnetic force calculation method, he Yunxiang in the literature of efficient calculation research of transformer winding electromagnetic force based on response surface method, a response surface agent model is constructed to replace time-consuming finite element electromagnetic field simulation, and quick calculation of electromagnetic force is realized by utilizing a numerical fitting technology. However, the method essentially belongs to numerical approximation based on discrete sample data, cannot provide an analytical model based on a physical field mechanism, is difficult to accurately describe the multidirectional stress rule of the fan-shaped permanent magnet under complex three-dimensional dislocation, and is easy to be influenced by sample quality to generate fitting errors when a strong nonlinear region with an extremely small air gap and the like is processed. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a method for precisely predicting the assembly driving force, which is suitable for the fan-ring type permanent magnet, and which can overcome the difficulty of calculating the complex geometric boundary. Disclosure of Invention The invention provides a device and a method for testing and calculating the magnetic force between permanent magnets in each direction in order to make up for the defects of the prior art. The magnetic force calculation method comprises the steps of realizing independent and accurate adjustment of a permanent magnet in the axial direction and the radial direction through a combination of a horizontal electric sliding table and a vertical sliding table, guaranteeing stability of the magnet in the test process through a high-rigidity clamping structure and a magnetic steel groove pressing plate, realizing real-time collection of three-dimensional force through a three-dimensional force sensor, establishing an acting force calculation model of two permanent magnets in a three-dimensional space based on an equivalent magnetic load method, obtaining an analytic expression of each directional force through surface element integration, and finally realizing magnetic force calculation. The method solves the problems that the interaction force of the permanent magnet is difficult to accurately obtain, th