CN-121812928-B - Arrow-carried large-spacing ultra-wideband conformal phased array antenna

CN121812928BCN 121812928 BCN121812928 BCN 121812928BCN-121812928-B

Abstract

The invention discloses an arrow-mounted large-spacing ultra-wideband conformal phased array antenna, and belongs to the technical field of phased array antennas. The antenna comprises an arrow conformal metal carrier, an ultra-surface layer, an antenna layer, a parasitic layer, a metal floor and a fixed structure, wherein the antenna layer is formed by periodically arranging active antenna units with dual polarization orthogonalizing, vertical polarization units are arranged linearly along the axial direction, the horizontal polarization units are conformally bent along the cylindrical surface side of the arrow, the parasitic layer is formed by correspondingly arranged passive parasitic units, the parasitic layer and the active antenna units are alternately arranged in an orthogonal grid, and reverse current is excited by setting short-circuit strips so as to inhibit harmful common-mode resonance of an H surface. The antenna provided by the invention realizes 9 frequency multiplication bandwidths in the horizontal linear polarization direction and the vertical linear polarization direction, and realizes grating lobe-free wide-angle scanning of azimuth face +/-60 degrees when the array spacing is 0.7-0.9lambda H in a rocket conformal mode.

Inventors

SUN JIANXU
HUANG ZIHENG
CHENG YUJIAN
Sang Yuehai
GONG ZEHUI
YANG HAINING
HE ZONGRUI
FAN YONG

Assignees

电子科技大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20260306

Claims (6)

1. The arrow-carried large-spacing ultra-wideband conformal phased array antenna is characterized by comprising an arrow-body conformal metal carrier, an antenna layer, a parasitic layer, an ultra-surface layer, a metal floor and a fixed structure; The rocket body conformal metal carrier is used as a bearing structure of the antenna layer and comprises a cylindrical surface side matched with the radius of the carrier rocket; the antenna layer is formed by periodically arranging a plurality of dual-polarized orthogonal active antenna units and is used for radiating and receiving electromagnetic waves, wherein the vertically polarized active antenna units are linearly arranged along the axial direction of an arrow body, and the horizontally polarized active antenna units are arranged in a conformal bending manner along the circumferential direction according to the cylindrical side outline of the arrow body conformal metal carrier; The parasitic layer is formed by periodically arranging a plurality of dual-polarized orthogonal passive parasitic units, wherein the horizontal polarization passive parasitic units are arranged at the midpoint positions of the adjacent horizontal polarization active antenna units, and the vertical polarization passive parasitic units are arranged at the midpoint positions of the adjacent vertical polarization active antenna units; The super-surface layer is covered above the antenna layer and the parasitic layer and is used for realizing wide-angle matching and protecting the antenna array surface; The metal floor is positioned below the antenna layer and the parasitic layer and is used for reflecting backward electromagnetic waves; The fixing structure is used for installing and fixing the antenna layer on the cylindrical surface side of the rocket body conformal metal carrier and installing and fixing the rocket body conformal metal carrier on the carrier rocket.
2. The arrow-borne large-spacing ultra-wideband conformal phased array antenna of claim 1, wherein the active antenna elements have an array spacing of 0.7-0.9λ H ,λ H which is the wavelength corresponding to the highest operating frequency.
3. An arrow-borne large-pitch ultra-wideband conformal phased array antenna according to claim 2, wherein said active antenna elements and said passive parasitic elements are each printed with FSS in the same pattern.
4. An arrow-borne large-pitch ultra-wideband conformal phased array antenna according to claim 2 or 3, wherein said horizontally polarized parasitic element and said vertically polarized parasitic element each comprise a parasitic double-layer PCB structure; the parasitic double-layer PCB structure is vertically arranged, and the bottom of the parasitic double-layer PCB structure is provided with a metal floor which is shared with the active antenna unit; two outer side surfaces of the parasitic double-layer PCB structure are printed with bending type short circuit strips which are identical in structure and are arranged in a mirror image mode, and FSS is printed on the inner side of the parasitic double-layer PCB structure; the bottom of the bent short-circuit strip is connected with the metal floor, and the top end of the bent short-circuit strip is open.
5. The arrow-borne large-pitch ultra-wideband conformal phased array antenna of claim 4, wherein said horizontally polarized active antenna elements and vertically polarized active antenna elements each comprise an antenna bilayer PCB structure; the antenna double-layer PCB structure is vertically arranged; the antenna double-layer PCB structure comprises two outer side surfaces, a metal coupling capacitor patch, a short-circuit post and a strip line ground, wherein the two outer side surfaces are printed with the same structure and are overlapped in projection, and the inner side of the antenna double-layer PCB structure is printed with a dipole radiator, an FSS and a strip line.
6. The arrow-borne large-spacing ultra-wideband conformal phased array antenna of claim 5, wherein the dipole radiator consists of two symmetrically arranged round-end rectangular metal patches, and the feed point of the dipole radiator is positioned at the adjacent top ends of two symmetrical dipole radiation arms and is connected with a Marchand balun feed structure through a metallized via hole; the strip line and the strip line jointly form a broadband Marchand balun feed structure for feeding the dipole radiator; The metal coupling capacitor patch is used for projecting and covering gaps between adjacent dipole radiators and extending towards the top ends of the dipole radiating arms so as to enhance coupling between the adjacent dipole radiators and expand bandwidth; The short-circuit column comprises a short-circuit column A and a short-circuit column B, wherein the short-circuit column A and the short-circuit column B are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the strip line ground, one end of the short-circuit column A is connected with a metal coupling capacitor patch, and the other end of the short-circuit column B is connected with a metal floor; The short-circuit column A, the short-circuit column B, the metal coupling capacitor patch and the strip line are all provided with at least one metallized via hole on the ground to realize cross-layer conduction; the FSS is arranged above the dipole radiator and comprises a plurality of square metal patches which are horizontally arranged and used for improving full-band impedance matching.

Description

Arrow-carried large-spacing ultra-wideband conformal phased array antenna Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of phased array antennas, in particular to an arrow-borne large-space ultra-wideband conformal phased array antenna. Background The accurate and efficient space-based measurement and control system is a key link for ensuring successful launch, on-orbit operation and task execution of the carrier rocket, wherein the rocket-borne satellite communication antenna is a portal for information transmission and plays a key role in space-based measurement and control of the carrier rocket. Along with the increasing complexity of measurement and control tasks, the traditional omni-directional unit antenna has difficulty in meeting the requirements of the new generation of carrier rocket on-day-based measurement and control, and the phased array antenna technology becomes one of core technologies for breaking through the bottleneck. However, the existing arrow-borne phased array antenna is narrow in bandwidth, which results in poor satellite compatibility in different frequency bands. In addition, with the increasing size of the array plane, the conventional large-scale phased array antenna with the array pitch of 0.5λ H faces the problems of excessive channels and high cost. How to solve the problems of excessive channel number and the like caused by narrow bandwidth, small array spacing of phased array antennas is a difficult problem to be solved in the current research. The invention is provided for technical challenges of ultra-wideband, large spacing and the like encountered by a phased array antenna in carrier rocket space-based measurement and control. Aiming at the ultra-wideband requirement of the phased array antenna, the Chinese patent application No. CN202111270034.9 proposes an ultra-wideband low-profile low-scattering curved surface phased array antenna, which realizes 2-18GHz (9 times frequency). However, the antenna unit size is 7.5mm×7.3mm (0.45λ H×0.438λH), and the problem of excessive number of large-scale phased array channels still exists at the array spacing. For another example, a ferrite loaded dual-polarized low-profile strongly coupled ultra-wideband phased array antenna is proposed in the chinese patent application No. CN202110120853.9, and a bandwidth of 0.2-2GHz (10 frequency multiplication) is realized within a scanning range of ±60°. However, the array pitch thereof is 0.49 lambda H, and the above-mentioned problems are also present. Aiming at the requirement of large spacing of the phased array antenna, a foldable large-spacing ultra-wideband low-profile tightly coupled array antenna is proposed in Chinese patent application No. CN202111440501.8, the unit spacing along the azimuth plane and along the elevation plane is 0.544 lambda h-scan and 0.66 lambda h-scan respectively, and lambda h-scan represents the highest frequency wavelength in the scanning state of the array plane. However, the operating bandwidth when scanning normal radiation is not performed is only 4 times, and the actual spacing is limited by grating lobes when scanning. The prior art faces fundamental contradiction when meeting two key indexes of ultra-wideband (more than or equal to 9 octaves) and large spacing (more than or equal to 0.7lambda H) simultaneously, when the spacing of the array is increased, E/H surface in the traditional periodic array is easy to excite harmful common mode resonance, so that high frequency cannot work normally, meanwhile, impedance mismatch of a low-frequency end is aggravated, grating lobes are inevitably generated in the scanning process, and conventional means adopted for inhibiting common mode resonance, such as loading a short-circuit column on an antenna, can only inhibit E surface common mode resonance, but H surface common mode resonance is difficult to remove, so that normal work under large-spacing array is difficult to realize while maintaining 9 frequency doubling bandwidths. In summary, there are still few studies on an arrow-borne phased array antenna that simultaneously implements 9 octaves and a large-pitch array, but related application requirements objectively exist. Disclosure of Invention Aiming at the technical problems of large channel number, high system cost, large integration difficulty and the like caused by narrow bandwidth and small array spacing of the existing arrow-borne satellite communication phased array antenna, the invention provides an arrow-borne large-spacing ultra-wideband conformal phased array antenna. The invention is oriented to the space-based measurement and control application scene of the carrier rocket, and realizes large-space array arrangement, ultra-wideband (9 frequency multiplication bandwidths) working bandwidth of horizontal linear polarization and vertical linear polarization dual-channel by innovative antenna layer-parasitic layer alternating array architecture and arrow body geometric conformal c