CN-121970555-A - Electric-driven pneumatic precision no-tillage combined seeder for small-grain seeds

CN121970555ACN 121970555 ACN121970555 ACN 121970555ACN-121970555-A

Abstract

The invention discloses an electric drive pneumatic precision no-tillage combined seeder for small-grain seeds, belongs to the technical field of agricultural seeding machinery, and aims to solve the problems of low seeding precision, poor deep seeding stability, low fertilizer utilization rate and high operation power consumption of small-grain seeds. The machine comprises a main frame, a belt-shaped rotary tillage component, a side deep fertilization component, a front compacting overall profiling component, an electric driving pneumatic precision seed metering component, a single profiling ditching and seeding component and a rear compacting component which are sequentially arranged along the advancing direction, wherein the belt-shaped rotary tillage is adopted to reduce the soil moving rate and the power consumption, the side deep fertilization in the row realizes seed manure isolation and synergy, and the overall and single two-stage profiling is matched with the front and rear compacting stable seed metering, and the electric driving pneumatic seed collector realizes precision seed metering. The invention can realize no-tillage precision seeding of small-grain seeds such as sesame, capsicum, millet and the like, has stable seeding depth and low power consumption, can reduce the seed breakage rate, and remarkably improves the seeding precision, the emergence consistency and the fertilizer utilization rate.

Inventors

WANG BAOSHAN
XU YANXING
ZHANG CHEN
LI JIAYI
LI HONGPU
LI YAFEI

Assignees

河南农业大学
洛阳市鑫乐机械科技股份有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20260403

Claims (7)

1. The electric-driven pneumatic precision no-tillage combined seeder for small-grain seeds is characterized by comprising a main frame, wherein a belt-shaped rotary tillage component, a fertilizer discharging component, a front pressing assembly, a pneumatic combined roller type precision seed collector for small-grain seeds, a seed-digging groove profiling assembly and a rear pressing assembly are sequentially arranged on the main frame from front to back along the advancing direction of the seeder; The front end of the main frame is provided with a traction hanging structure for hanging with a power machine; The belt-shaped rotary tillage component is rotatably arranged at the front end of the lower part of the main frame and is used for carrying out belt-shaped rotary tillage soil crushing operation on the planting belt corresponding to the sowing row; the fertilizer discharging component is fixedly arranged on the main frame and positioned behind the strip-shaped rotary tillage component and is used for carrying out deep fertilization on the inner side of the row in the planting belt after rotary tillage; The front pressing assembly is hung at the rear end of the main frame through a general profiling adjusting mechanism and comprises a profiling hanging beam, a front pressing wheel and a seed metering device mounting bracket, wherein the front pressing wheel is arranged at the lower part of the profiling hanging beam and is used for compacting and leveling the planted belt after rotary tillage and fertilization before sowing, and the seed metering device mounting bracket is fixed at the upper part of the profiling hanging beam; the pneumatic combined roller type small-grain-size seed precise collecting and discharging device is fixedly arranged on a mounting bracket of the seed discharging device and is used for precise quantitative seed discharging of small-grain-size seeds; The seed-metering device comprises a double-disc furrow opener and a seed-metering guide pipe, wherein the upper end of the seed-metering guide pipe is communicated with a seed guide port of a pneumatic combined drum-type small-particle-diameter seed precision seed collecting and discharging device, and the lower end of the seed-metering guide pipe extends to a seed-metering-groove forming area of the double-disc furrow opener and is used for accurately conveying seeds discharged by the pneumatic combined drum-type small-particle-diameter seed precision collecting and discharging device into seed grooves; the rear pressing assembly corresponds to the seed ditching devices one by one, is fixedly arranged at the tail part of the corresponding seed ditching device and is positioned at the rear of the double-disc ditcher and used for earthing and pressing the seed ditches after sowing.
2. The electric drive pneumatic small-grain-size seed precision no-tillage combined seeder as claimed in claim 1, wherein the belt-shaped rotary tillage part comprises a gearbox, a rotary tillage cutter shaft, a plurality of groups of rotary tillage cutter groups, a rotary tillage protective cover and a front hanging bracket, wherein the front hanging bracket is fixedly arranged at the upper part of the front end of a main frame through bolts, the gearbox is fixedly arranged at the middle part of the front hanging bracket through bolts, the power input end of the gearbox is connected with the power output shaft of a tractor through a universal joint transmission shaft and is used for receiving the power of the tractor and realizing the speed reduction and the rotation speed adjustment of the power; The rotary tillage cutter comprises a main frame and a gearbox, wherein a plurality of rotary tillage cutter groups are arranged at equal intervals along the axial direction of a rotary tillage cutter shaft, each rotary tillage cutter group corresponds to the planting belt position of one sowing row one by one, each rotary tillage cutter group comprises two cutter heads and a plurality of rotary tillage blades which are coaxially arranged on the rotary tillage cutter shaft, the cutter heads are welded and fixed on the rotary tillage cutter shaft, the rotary tillage blades are uniformly and alternately arranged along the circumferential direction of the cutter heads, the rotary tillage blades adopt a bent blade structure to efficiently complete soil cutting and soil crushing operation, and a front plow is arranged on the main frame and in front of the gearbox.
3. The electric pneumatic small-grain-size seed precision no-tillage combined seeder of claim 2, wherein the fertilizer discharging component comprises a fertilizer box, fertilizer applicators, a fertilizer shovel fixing bracket, a clamp, a fertilizer discharging pipe and a fertilizer shovel, wherein the fertilizer shovel fixing bracket is fixedly arranged at the upper part of a main frame through bolts and is positioned behind the belt-shaped rotary tillage component, the bottom of the fertilizer box is arranged on the main frame through the fertilizer box bracket, the fertilizer box is a closed box body with a box cover at the top and is used for containing fertilizer, the bottom of the fertilizer box is provided with discharge holes with the same number as sowing rows, each discharge hole is provided with a set of fertilizer applicators, each fertilizer applicator adopts a sheave type fertilizer applicator, and the driving end of each fertilizer applicator is connected with a fertilizer discharging driving motor for realizing quantitative fertilizer discharging; The lower end discharge port of each fertilizer distributor is in butt joint communication with the upper end of a fertilizer discharge pipe through a clamp, the lower end of the fertilizer discharge pipe is communicated with the fertilizer inlet of a fertilizer application shovel, the fertilizer application shovel is fixedly arranged on a rear beam at the lower part of the main frame through a U-shaped bolt, the fertilizer application shovels are in one-to-one correspondence with sowing rows, and the shovel body of each fertilizer application shovel is positioned at the middle position of the corresponding sowing row.
4. The electric drive pneumatic type small-grain-size seed precision no-tillage combined seeder as claimed in claim 3, wherein the front pressing assembly is hung at the rear end of the main frame through a total profiling adjusting mechanism, and comprises two hanging baffles, two profiling hanging beams, a profiling fixing frame, a plurality of groups of total profiling adjusting plates, a seeding apparatus mounting bracket, a front pressing wheel, a soil scraping bracket and a soil scraping plate, wherein the two profiling hanging beams are arranged in the left-right direction and are arranged at intervals, the two hanging baffles are respectively arranged at the left end and the right end of the two profiling hanging beams, the front end of the total profiling adjusting plate is fixedly connected with the rear end of the main frame through bolts, the rear end of the total profiling adjusting plate is connected with the profiling hanging beams at the front side through the profiling fixing frame, a plurality of groups of adjusting holes which are arranged at equal intervals in the vertical direction are formed in the fertilizer box bracket, the middle of the total profiling adjusting plate is connected with the holes on the fertilizer box bracket through bolts, and the vertical height of the profiling hanging beams 32 can be adjusted through changing the holes connected with the fertilizer box bracket, so that the uniform adjustment of the working height of the front pressing wheel is realized; The profiling fixing frame is installed on the profiling hanging beam through a U-shaped bolt, front pressing wheels are rotatably installed between two hanging baffles through front pressing wheel shafts and a bearing with a seat, the number of the front pressing wheels is equal to that of cutter discs and corresponds to that of the cutter discs in a front-back one-to-one mode, the upper ends of the soil scraping supports are fixed on the profiling hanging beam on the rear side, the soil scraping plates are fixed on the lower ends of the soil scraping supports through bolts, the front side edges of the soil scraping plates are tightly attached to the wheel surface on the rear lower side of the front pressing wheels, and the seed sowing device installing support is fixedly installed on the upper portion of the profiling hanging beam through bolts and used for installing and fixing the pneumatic combined drum-type small-particle-size seed precise seed collecting and discharging device.
5. The electric drive pneumatic small-grain-size seed precision no-tillage combined seeder as claimed in claim 4, wherein the seed-ditch profiling assembly comprises a plurality of groups of seed-ditch profiling devices with the same number as the seeding rows, and each group of seed-ditch profiling devices is hung on the single mounting bracket through a parallelogram profiling mechanism; Each group of seed-sowing groove devices comprises a double-disc groove device, a double-disc groove device fixing support, a double-disc groove device arc baffle and seed-sowing guide pipes, wherein the double-disc groove device comprises two inclined discs which are symmetrically arranged, the two discs are rotatably arranged at the lower part of the double-disc groove device fixing support through double-disc shafts and bearings, the lower edges of the two discs are attached to form a V-shaped seed-sowing groove forming area, regular seed-sowing grooves can be formed on a compacted seed bed during operation, the double-disc groove device arc baffle is fixedly arranged at two sides of the double-disc groove device and used for preventing soil from entering the discs, the seed-sowing guide pipes are fixedly arranged between the two discs, the upper ends of the seed-sowing guide pipes are communicated with a discharge hole of the Venturi air seed-sowing guide device through flexible seed guide pipes, and the lower ends of the seed-sowing guide pipes extend to the bottom of the seed-sowing groove forming area of the double-disc groove device, so that seeds can be accurately conveyed to the bottom of the seed-sowing grooves, and the sowing depth is consistent.
6. The electric pneumatic precision no-tillage combined seed sowing machine with small grain size as set forth in claim 5, wherein the parallelogram profiling mechanism includes one upper link, one lower link, one regulating spring connected to the single installing support, one profiling hanging beam in the back, one upper link and one lower link hinged to the upper part and the lower part of the profiling hanging beam via hinged bolts, one double-disc opener fixing support hinged to the upper link and the lower link via one single profiling connecting shaft to form one parallelogram link structure, one regulating spring with front and back inclined ends connected to the upper part and the lower link, and one regulating spring to provide downward profiling pressure and buffering for the seed opening device to make the double-disc opener capable of fitting the ground and suitable for field fluctuation.
7. The electric driving pneumatic precision no-tillage combined seeder for small-grain seeds of claim 6, wherein the rear pressing assemblies are in one-to-one correspondence with the seed-sowing devices, each group of rear pressing assemblies comprises a rear pressing wheel, a rear pressing wheel support and a rear pressing wheel shaft, the front end of each rear pressing wheel support is hinged with a double-disc furrow opener fixing support corresponding to the seed-sowing device, a hinge point is located between an upper connecting rod and a lower connecting rod, and the rear pressing wheels are rotatably arranged at the lower part of each rear pressing wheel support through the rear pressing wheel shaft and a bearing with a seat.

Description

Electric-driven pneumatic precision no-tillage combined seeder for small-grain seeds Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural mechanical sowing, in particular to an electric-driven pneumatic precision no-tillage combined sowing machine suitable for small-particle-size seeds such as sesame, capsicum, millet and the like. Background The planting range of small-grain oil, vegetables and coarse cereal crops such as sesame, chilli, millet is wide, the market demand is large, and the mechanized sowing is the core link of crop planting. However, the crop seeds have small particle size, the agricultural requirements for the depth of sowing, and extremely high requirements for the precision of sowing quantity and the stability of sowing depth, and the existing sowing equipment is difficult to meet the precision sowing requirement. The existing small-grain-size seed sowing machine is mainly divided into two types, namely a small self-propelled sowing machine which is generally only provided with a single sowing function, does not have synchronous tillage and fertilization capability, is multiple in operation procedures and low in efficiency, and a medium-sized suspension sowing machine which is mainly provided with a fertilization and sowing device integrated on a traditional whole-field rotary cultivator, wherein fertilizers are firstly spread on uncultivated land surfaces during operation, and then are mixed with the whole soil by whole-field rotary tillage, so that the problems of high soil movement rate, high operation power consumption, serious volatilization loss of the fertilizers and low utilization rate exist, meanwhile, the soil compactness after the whole-field rotary tillage is poor, the sowing depth is difficult to stably control, the problems of inconsistent sowing depth, missed sowing and heavy sowing and uneven emergence are easy to occur, and the yield and quality of small-grain-size crops are seriously affected. Aiming at the problems, the small-grain-size seed combined seeder capable of simultaneously realizing strip no-tillage operation, seed manure side deep application, stable control of seed sowing depth and precise seed sowing is lacking at present, and the mechanized requirements of large-scale and standardized planting of small-grain-size crops cannot be met. Disclosure of Invention Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an electric drive pneumatic precision no-tillage combined seeder for small-grain seeds, which can synchronously complete the full-flow operation of belt-shaped rotary tillage, side deep fertilization, pre-sowing compacting, precision sowing, post-sowing earthing compacting, realize no-tillage precision sowing of the small-grain seeds, effectively reduce the operation power consumption, improve the fertilizer utilization rate, stably control the sowing depth and improve the sowing precision and the emergence consistency. In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: An electric-driven pneumatic precision no-tillage combined seeder for small-grain seeds comprises a main frame, wherein a belt-shaped rotary tillage part, a fertilizer discharging part, a front compacting assembly, a pneumatic combined roller type precision seed collector for small-grain seeds, a seed-digging profiling assembly and a rear compacting assembly are sequentially arranged on the main frame from front to back along the travelling direction of the seeder; The front end of the main frame is provided with a traction hanging structure for hanging with a power machine; The belt-shaped rotary tillage component is rotatably arranged at the front end of the lower part of the main frame and is used for carrying out belt-shaped rotary tillage soil crushing operation on the planting belt corresponding to the sowing row; the fertilizer discharging component is fixedly arranged on the main frame and positioned behind the strip-shaped rotary tillage component and is used for carrying out deep fertilization on the inner side of the row in the planting belt after rotary tillage; The front pressing assembly is hung at the rear end of the main frame through a general profiling adjusting mechanism and comprises a profiling hanging beam, a front pressing wheel and a seed metering device mounting bracket, wherein the front pressing wheel is arranged at the lower part of the profiling hanging beam and is used for compacting and leveling the planted belt after rotary tillage and fertilization before sowing, and the seed metering device mounting bracket is fixed at the upper part of the profiling hanging beam; the pneumatic combined roller type small-grain-size seed precise collecting and discharging device is fixedly arranged on a mounting bracket of the seed discharging device and is used for precise quantitative seed discharging of small-grain-size seeds; The seed-metering groove profiling assembly comprises a