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CN-121970559-A - Ecological restoration method for desertification land based on algae-moss composite biological soil crust

CN121970559ACN 121970559 ACN121970559 ACN 121970559ACN-121970559-A

Abstract

The invention provides a desertification land ecological restoration method based on algae-moss composite biological soil crust, which comprises the steps of algae and moss species screening, algae propagation, moss propagation and algae-moss co-culture, resistance domestication treatment, preparation of algae-moss composite particle inoculant, soil preparation and microtopography optimization, field application of the algae-moss composite particle inoculant and post-inoculation maintenance. The invention can obviously improve the formation speed and structural stability of the crust, enhance the wind erosion resistance, water retention and nutrient fixation capacity and realize the long-term stable ecological restoration of the desertification land.

Inventors

  • LI TONG
  • FAN YUTING
  • ZHANG YUANMING
  • Yin Benfeng
  • ZHOU XIAOBING
  • LI XINTING
  • DENG PENGCHENG

Assignees

  • 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20260124

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The ecological restoration method of the desertification land based on the algae-moss composite biological soil crust is characterized by comprising the following steps: s1, screening algae and moss species: s101, algae separation and screening: Collecting natural crust samples in a target desertification area and a similar ecological area, crushing, inoculating the natural crust samples on the surface of a sponge wetted by a BG11 liquid culture medium, culturing, continuously culturing the obtained green filamentous algae colony, performing stress resistance evaluation, and selecting dominant desert algae species as an algae inoculation source; S102, separation and screening of moss: Collecting moss plant samples in a target desertification area and a similar ecological area, naturally airing, shearing and sieving to obtain moss fragments, spreading the moss fragments on the surface of a sponge infiltrated by a Knop culture medium, covering a layer of cellulose paper, culturing to obtain moss plants, evaluating stress resistance, and selecting dominant desertification moss species as a moss inoculation source; S2, algae propagation: carrying out algae propagation on the algae inoculation source obtained in the step S101 on the surface of the sponge wetted by the BG11 liquid culture medium to obtain algae mud; s3, moss propagation and algae-moss co-culture: s301, moss propagation: Air-drying the moss inoculation source obtained in the step S102, shearing, sieving, and carrying out moss propagation on the surfaces of cellulose paper soaked by a substrate to obtain moss bodies on the surfaces of the substrate until the moss coverage reaches more than 60%, wherein the substrate is a mixture of BG11 liquid medium and Knop medium; S302, co-culturing algae and moss: diluting the algae mud obtained in the step S2 with water to obtain an inoculation liquid, spraying the inoculation liquid onto the moss body on the surface of the substrate in the step S301, and performing algae-moss co-culture until the biomass coverage reaches more than 80%, thus obtaining an algae-moss-substrate complex; s4, resistance domestication treatment: Performing resistance domestication treatment on the algae-moss-matrix composite obtained in the step S302 to obtain a domesticated algae-moss-matrix composite, wherein the specific domestication method comprises the following steps: S401, precipitation pulse simulation: Drying the algae-moss-matrix composite obtained in the step S302 for 72 hours under the condition that the relative humidity is 45% +/-5%, spraying deionized water to the dried algae-moss-matrix composite for water supplementing, repeating the drying and water supplementing operations for 3 times in a common period, and simulating intermittent precipitation pulses in a desert area; s402, temperature and illumination gradient: In S401, the temperature and light gradient are set as follows: S40201, 1 st cycle: Alternately performing light treatment and dark treatment, wherein the light treatment is carried out under the conditions that the temperature is 23 ℃ plus or minus 2 ℃ and the photosynthetic effective radiation is 200 mu E.m -2 ·s -1 ～400µE·m -2 ·s -1 for 12 hours, and the dark treatment is carried out under the conditions that the temperature is 17 ℃ plus or minus 3 ℃ and the temperature is 12 hours; s40202, 2 nd period: alternately performing light treatment and dark treatment, wherein the light treatment is carried out under the conditions that the temperature is 30 ℃ plus or minus 5 ℃ and the photosynthetic effective radiation is 400 mu E.m -2 ·s -1 ～1000µE·m -2 ·s -1 for 12 hours, and the dark treatment is carried out under the conditions that the temperature is 17 ℃ plus or minus 3 ℃ and the temperature is 12 hours; S40203 cycle 3: Alternately performing light treatment and dark treatment, wherein the light treatment is performed under the conditions that the temperature is 30 ℃ plus or minus 5 ℃, the photosynthetic effective radiation is 1800 plus or minus 2000 mu E.m -2 ·s -1 , and the dark treatment is performed under the conditions that the temperature is 17 ℃ plus or minus 3 ℃ and the light treatment is performed for 12 hours; s403, adding nutrient limiting and osmotic adjusting substances: starting from the 1 st cycle described in S40201, the mixture of BG11 liquid medium and Knop medium is not supplemented to the algal-moss-substrate complex obtained in S302 for nutrient limitation; in the water supplementing operation in the precipitation pulse simulation in S401, naCl with the final concentration of 1 g.L -1 and trehalose with the final concentration of 1 g.L -1 are added into water to perform osmotic adjustment capability and salinity tolerance adjustment; S5, preparing an alga-moss composite particle inoculant: S501, treating domesticated algae-moss complex: pre-drying the domesticated algae-moss-matrix composite obtained in the step S4 at a shady and ventilated place until the water content is less than 5%, and then shearing and crushing to obtain algae-moss composite fragments; S502, wet mixing granulation: Stirring and mixing the algae-moss composite fragments obtained in the step S501 with auxiliary materials to obtain a mixture, adding a binder solution until the water content of the mixture is 35% +/-5%, obtaining a wet mixed material, and granulating to obtain formed particles; the auxiliary materials are a mixture of soybean fiber powder, activated carbon powder, ascorbic acid powder and sand; s503, drying and screening: Air-drying the formed particles obtained in the step S502, and screening to retain the particles with the particle size of 1-5 mm to obtain the algae-moss composite particle inoculant; S6, land preparation and micro-topography optimization: Carrying out whole treatment on the target area to enable the surface soil to be concave, and setting sand barriers to obtain the target area after micro-topography optimization; s7, field application of the algae-moss composite particle inoculant: inoculating and broadcasting the algae-moss composite particle inoculant obtained in the step S503 to the target area obtained in the step S6 after the micro-topography optimization to obtain an inoculated target area; s8, maintenance after inoculation: 1 to 2 days after inoculation, carrying out mist spraying water on the target area obtained in the step S7 for 1 time every morning and evening, wherein the spraying amount of each time is 1.5 kg.m -2 ; 3 to 8 days after inoculation, namely spraying water in mist form for 1 time on the inoculated target area obtained in the step S7 on the 5 th and 8 th days after inoculation every 2 days, wherein the spraying amount of each time is 1 kg.m -2 ; Carrying out mist spraying water for 1 time every 3-5 days in 9-21 days after inoculation, wherein the spraying amount of each time is 0.5 kg.m -2 ; and (4) after 22-60 days of inoculation, not carrying out regular water replenishing, and carrying out local water replenishing under extreme drought or high temperature conditions.
  2. 2. The ecological restoration method for desertification land based on algae-moss composite biological soil crust according to claim 1, wherein the conditions of the natural crust sample in S101 are that photosynthetic effective radiation is 80 mu E.m -2 ·s -1 , the temperature is 25 ℃, the relative humidity is 70%, the cultivation time is 3d, the conditions of the algae green filamentous colony in agar medium are that photosynthetic effective radiation is 100 mu E.m -2 ·s -1 , the temperature is 25 ℃ plus or minus 5 ℃ and the cultivation time is 5d, and the number of species of the algae inoculation sources is not less than 2.
  3. 3. The ecological restoration method for desertification land based on algae-moss composite biological soil crust, which is characterized in that the mesh number of the screening in S102 is 40 mesh, the cultivation condition is that photosynthetic effective radiation is 100 mu E.m -2 ·s -1 , the temperature is 25 ℃ plus or minus 5 ℃, the relative humidity is 80% plusor minus 10%, the cultivation time is 14d, spray water supplementing is carried out every 2 d-3 d during the cultivation, and the species number of algae inoculation sources is not less than 1.
  4. 4. The method for ecologically restoring desertification land based on composite algae-moss biological soil crust according to claim 1, wherein the method for evaluating stress resistance in S101 and S102 comprises a rehydration recovery test and a stress test.
  5. 5. The method for ecologically repairing desertification land based on algae-moss composite biological soil crust according to claim 1 is characterized in that an algae inoculation source is inoculated to the surface of a sponge wetted by a BG11 liquid culture medium, the algae is cultured for 14d under the conditions that photosynthetic effective radiation is 100 mu E.m -2 ·s -1 , the temperature is 27 ℃ plus or minus 1 ℃ and the relative humidity is 65% +/-5% and the oscillation speed is 100r/min, the algae liquid is sprayed on the surface of a nylon filter membrane wetted by the BG11, and the algae is cultured for 14d under the conditions that the photosynthetic effective radiation is 200 mu E.m -2 ·s -1 , the temperature is 22 ℃ plus or minus 2 ℃ and the relative humidity is 65% +/-5%, so as to obtain algae mud.
  6. 6. The method for ecologically repairing desertification land based on algae-moss composite biological soil crust according to claim 1, wherein the method for expanding moss in S301 comprises paving a layer of nylon non-woven fabric on the bottom of a plastic tray, putting a layer of cellulose paper, wetting with a matrix, uniformly spreading moss fragments on the surface of the cellulose paper wetted with the matrix, culturing for 30d under the conditions of 100 mu E-m -2 ·s -1 of photosynthetic effective radiation, 22℃ + -3 ℃ of relative humidity 60% + -5%, and supplementing water during culturing, wherein the matrix is a mixture of BG11 liquid culture medium and Knop culture medium with a volume ratio of 1:1.
  7. 7. The ecological restoration method for desertification land based on algae-moss composite biological soil crust according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of algae mud to water in the inoculation liquid in S302 is 1:20, the total amount is 100 mL/tray, the method for co-culturing algae-moss in S302 comprises culturing for 20d under the conditions that photosynthetic effective radiation is 200 mu E.m- 2 ·s⁻ 1 , the temperature is 23 ℃ plus or minus 3 ℃ and the relative humidity is 65% plusor minus 5%, water supplementing is carried out during the culturing period, and the water supplementing amount in S401 is 2 mm precipitation/m 2 matrix each time.
  8. 8. The ecological restoration method for desertification land based on algae-moss composite biological soil crust according to claim 1, wherein the wet mixed material in S502 is composed of the following raw materials, by mass, 20% of soybean fiber powder, 15% of activated carbon powder, 0.1% of ascorbic acid powder, 0.7% of sand, and the balance of algae-moss composite fragments; The adhesive solution in the step S502 comprises the following raw materials, by mass, 1% of sodium alginate, 1% of Arabic gum and the balance of water, wherein the particle size of the molding particles in the step S502 is 2.0 mm-3.0 mm.
  9. 9. The ecological restoration method for desertification land based on algae-moss composite biological soil crust according to claim 1, wherein the air-drying condition in S503 is that the temperature is 30 ℃ plus or minus 5 ℃ and the relative humidity is 50% ± 10%, and the water content of the algae-moss composite granule inoculant is less than or equal to 5%.
  10. 10. The method for ecologically restoring desertification land based on composite algae-moss biological soil crust of claim 1 wherein the amount of the composite algae-moss granule inoculant applied in S7 is 5g/m 2 .

Description

Ecological restoration method for desertification land based on algae-moss composite biological soil crust Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration and desertification control, and particularly relates to an ecological restoration method for desertification land based on algae-moss composite biological soil crust. Background Desertification and land degradation are serious ecological problems that are common in arid and semiarid regions worldwide. Under natural state, biological soil crust (abbreviated as 'biological crust') widely develops on the soil surface layer of desert and semi-desert, is formed by cementing a plurality of organisms such as blue algae, green algae, fungi, lichen and moss with soil particles, and has multiple ecological functions of sand fixation, water retention, nutrient fixation, higher plant colonization promotion and the like. In the prior art, a technology for constructing primary biological soil crust by inoculating blue algae or microalgae is available, and a technology for realizing engineering wound surface and local desert surface stabilization by moss propagation, guniting or paving is available. Common features of such techniques are: 1) With a single alga or a single moss group as a core, the simulation of the characteristic of 'multicomponent cooperative succession' of natural skinning is lacking; 2) Under a typical desert environment with extreme drought, high-temperature strong light and strong sand, the crust formed by single group inoculation is limited in stress resistance, and structural disruption and functional decline are easy to occur; 3) The inoculation materials are mostly bulk algae mud or moss fragments, are difficult to transport and store, have limited mechanized sowing efficiency, and have to improve wind resistance transportation and construction operability. Mosses are used as typical surface tidal water plants, have remarkable dehydration-rehydration capability and mechanical reinforcement effect on sandy matrixes, and blue algae and other microalgae have rapid colonization, exopolysaccharide secretion and nitrogen fixation capability, so that the soil aggregate structure and surface nutrient condition can be improved. If algae and moss can be artificially and synergistically propagated, and the algae and moss can be prepared into the granular inoculant through the adaptive domestication and embedding granulation process, the ecological function, the stress resistance and the engineering construction efficiency are expected to be simultaneously considered. However, the disclosure of the published literature or patent system is not yet seen, moss species screening is taken as a main body, algae are combined for mixed propagation, algae-moss composite biomass is formed by co-culture on an artificial substrate, resistance domestication is further carried out by means of dry-wet alternation, light-temperature gradient, osmotic pressure gradient and the like, and then natural polymer adhesive is matched for embedding and granulating, so that a granular inoculant suitable for automatic mechanical broadcasting is obtained, and an integrated desertification land ecological restoration technical scheme of soil preparation, water management and interference control is matched. Therefore, it is necessary to provide an algae-moss composite biological soil crust particle inoculant and an application method thereof, so as to improve the crust formation speed and structural stability, and enhance the wind erosion resistance and water retention capacity, thereby realizing the long-term stable ecological restoration of automatic and large-scale desertification land. Disclosure of Invention Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the ecological restoration method for the desertification land based on the algae-moss composite biological soil crust, which can obviously improve the formation speed and the structural stability of the crust, enhance the wind erosion resistance, the water retention and the nutrient fixation capability and realize the long-term stable ecological restoration of the desertification land. In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the ecological restoration method of the desertification land based on algae-moss composite biological soil crust comprises the following steps: s1, screening algae and moss species: s101, algae separation and screening: Collecting natural crust samples in a target desertification area and a similar ecological area, crushing, inoculating the natural crust samples on the surface of a sponge wetted by a BG11 liquid culture medium, culturing, continuously culturing the obtained green filamentous algae colony, performing stress resistance evaluation, and selecting dominant desert algae species as an algae inoculation source; S102, separation and screening of moss: Collecting moss plant samples in a tar