CN-121970561-A - Regulation and control method for improving quality of peanut kernels

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of peanut cultivation and quality control. The invention provides a regulating and controlling method for improving the quality of peanut kernels, which comprises the steps of basal application treatment, flower needle period regulating and controlling treatment and pod bearing period strengthening treatment. According to the invention, through implementing targeted nutrition regulation measures at different peanut breeding stages, the synergistic effect of soil environment improvement and foliar nutrition supplementation is realized, so that the accumulation of sugar and grease in kernels is promoted, the fatty acid composition is optimized, the oil content and protein content in kernels are improved, and finally, the comprehensive improvement of the flavor quality, the grease quality and the nutrition quality of the kernels of the peanuts is realized.

Inventors

• ZHANG JUN
• HAO XI
• ZANG XIUWANG
• LIU HAIJIAO
• YU MINGHUI
• ZHANG ZHONGXIN
• ZHANG MAN
• LIU MENGYA

Assignees

• 河南省农业科学院

Dates

Publication Date

20260505

Application Date

20260403

Claims (10)

1. 1. A regulating and controlling method for improving the quality of peanut kernels is characterized by comprising the following steps: 1) The base application treatment, namely, mixing plant cake materials and shell calcium powder before sowing for 5-7 days or during sowing, then applying the mixed materials into 10-20 cm of a soil cultivation layer, and simultaneously applying an activating agent and biochar into the soil; 2) The method comprises the steps of (1) carrying out flower needle period regulation treatment, namely spraying a first composition to peanut leaf surfaces in a flower needle period of 40-60L/mu, wherein the first composition comprises seaweed-derived oligosaccharides, polyamine substances, boron sources and amino acids; 3) And (3) strengthening treatment in the pod bearing period, namely spraying a second composition to 20-30L/mu of peanut leaf surfaces in the pod bearing period, wherein the second composition comprises nano calcium, lipid accelerator and antioxidant.
2. 2. The control method according to claim 1, wherein the plant cake materials in step 1) are soybean meal and/or peanut meal, and the application amount of the plant cake materials is 30-50 kg/mu.
3. 3. The control method according to claim 1, wherein the shell-like calcareous powder in step 1) is one or more of oyster shell powder, shrimp shell powder and crab shell powder, and the application amount of the shell-like calcareous powder is 20-30 kg/mu.
4. 4. The regulation and control method according to claim 1, wherein the activating agent in the step 1) is one or more of potassium humate, potassium fulvate, potassium alginate and chitosan, the application amount of the activating agent is 3-5 kg/mu, and the application amount of the biochar is 20-30 kg/mu.
5. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first composition in step 2) is an aqueous solution comprising 2-5 g/L of seaweed-derived oligosaccharides, 0.02-0.05 g/L of polyamine-based substances, 1-2 g/L of boron sources, and 0.1-0.3 g/L of amino acids.
6. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the seaweed-derived oligosaccharide is an alginic acid oligosaccharide or a brown algae oligosaccharide; The polyamine substance is putrescine, spermidine or spermine; the boron source is boric acid or sugar alcohol boron; the amino acid is glutamic acid, glycine or proline.
7. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second composition in step 3) is an aqueous solution comprising 10-20 g/L of nano calcium, 2-4 g/L of lipid accelerator, and 0.5-1 g/L of antioxidant.
8. 8. The method for regulating and controlling according to claim 7, wherein the particle size of the nano calcium is 50-80 nm.
9. 9. The method according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the nano calcium is nano calcium carbonate and/or nano calcium phosphate; the lipid accelerator is one or more of linoleic acid, oleic acid and betaine; The antioxidant is one or more of vitamin C, vitamin E, glutathione and tea polyphenols.
10. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the peanut variety is "Yuhua 176", "Yuhua 22", "Yuhua 37", "Yuhua 9326", "Haihua 1" or "Husweet".

Description

Regulation and control method for improving quality of peanut kernels Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of peanut cultivation and quality regulation, in particular to a regulation method for improving the quality of peanut kernels. Background Peanut is one of important oil crops and cash crops in China, is widely planted in Huang-Huai-Hai areas and in southern provinces, and the seed kernel is not only an important source of edible vegetable oil, but also an important supply source of protein, vitamins and various bioactive components. With the improvement of the consumption level of residents and the improvement of the quality requirements of food processing industry on raw materials, indexes such as oil content, protein content, fatty acid composition, appearance quality and the like of peanut kernels are increasingly valued. Compared with the simple pursuit of yield, the improvement of the comprehensive quality of peanut kernels has become a key technical problem in the current peanut cultivation and production management. At present, measures for improving the quality of peanuts are mainly focused on the aspects of fertilizer structure optimization, microelement supplementation, foliar nutrition adjustment and the like. For example, the physical and chemical properties of soil are improved by applying organic fertilizer or straw returning, the organic matter content of soil is increased, thereby improving the crop growth environment, the reproductive growth and pod development of peanut are promoted by supplementing elements such as calcium fertilizer, boron fertilizer and the like, and the stress resistance and nutrient absorption capacity of plants are enhanced by spraying amino acid, seaweed extract or other nutrient substances on leaf surfaces. Although these measures can improve the growth condition and part of quality index of peanut to some extent, there are still obvious disadvantages in the whole. First, the prior art often focuses on the supplementation of a single fertilizer or a single nutrient element, and lacks systematic studies on the difference in nutrient requirements of peanuts in different stages of fertility. Peanut is formed from flower opening to flower needle forming, and then pod development and kernel enrichment, and the requirements and the utilization efficiency of nitrogen, calcium and other nutrient elements at different stages are obviously different. If only a unified fertilization mode or simple repeated foliage spraying is adopted, accurate regulation and control of the kernel quality forming process are difficult to realize. Second, some techniques, although adding the application of organic fertilizers or trace elements, do not fully consider the synergistic relationship between soil environmental improvement and foliar nutrient supplementation. Lack of systematic coordination between basal application and foliar management measures often results in unsynchronized nutrient release and crop absorption, reducing nutrient utilization efficiency. In addition, some leaf surface supplementing measures mainly pay attention to nutrition supply, but neglect the quality stability problem in the seed kernel enrichment stage, the quality improvement effect is easy to fluctuate, and the stability is insufficient. Third, for the regulation of quality of peanut kernels, most researches focus on a certain quality index, such as oil content or single fatty acid ratio, but lack an overall technical path for comprehensively improving the quality of kernels. Especially in the later stages of kernel formation, the mechanism of coordination between grease accumulation and antioxidant stability has not been fully utilized, resulting in kernel quality being susceptible to during storage or processing. Therefore, on the basis of the existing cultivation management technology, how to construct a regulation and control method which combines soil environment improvement and fertility stage difference management, so that the base construction measures and leaf nutrition supplementation of different fertility stages form organic coordination, and the stable improvement of the quality of peanut kernels is realized on the premise of ensuring the normal growth of plants, and the technical problem to be solved in the field is still urgent. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, the quality improvement measures of peanut kernels mainly comprise single fertilization or single foliar nutrition supplementation, the targeted management in different breeding stages is lacked, the cooperation of basal application and foliar management is insufficient, the quality improvement stability is not high, and the like, and provides a staged peanut kernel quality control method. By adopting differential nutrition regulation measures before sowing and in different breeding periods, soil environment improvement and nutrition supply in a reprodu