CN-121970576-A - Gesture-adjusting and filling-promoting centrifugal corn high-speed precise seed metering device and seed metering method

CN121970576ACN 121970576 ACN121970576 ACN 121970576ACN-121970576-A

Abstract

The invention relates to a gesture-adjusting and filling-promoting centrifugal corn high-speed precise seed metering device and a seed metering method, which belong to the technical field of harvesting equipment in agricultural machinery. According to the seed metering device, single-grain ordered seed metering of corn seeds is realized by utilizing the centrifugal effect, population layering and posture adjustment are realized through the synergistic effect of the diversion turbine and the layered annular partition plate, and the posture adjustment groove is combined with the sieve mesh to be matched, so that seeds are filled in the thickness direction, and the technical problems that the seed metering device is easy to have ineffective seed filling such as seed clamping and blockage in high-speed operation due to irregular shapes, large inter-seed resistance and short seed filling time are solved. Compared with a pneumatic high-speed seed sowing device, the invention simplifies the structure of the seed sowing device and greatly reduces the operation energy consumption under the condition of ensuring high-speed and precise seed sowing.

Inventors

GAO XIAOJUN
XU PENGQING
LI HUA
ZHAO QINGHUI
LI XINGTAI
WANG BIN

Assignees

南京农业大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20260120

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a centrifugal corn high-speed precision seed metering device capable of adjusting gesture and promoting filling, which is characterized by comprising a rear shell (1), a front shell (9), a bearing (2), a seed metering disc (3), a diversion turbine (4), a transmission shaft (5), a seed protection plate (6), a hole insert (7) and a layered annular partition plate (8); The rear shell (1) is connected with the front shell (9) and encloses an inner cavity; The transmission shaft (5) is rotatably supported on the rear housing (1) through the bearing (2); The seed metering disc (3) and the flow guiding turbine (4) are sequentially and fixedly arranged on the transmission shaft (5) from back to front and are positioned in the cavity, a circumferential edge of the seed metering disc (3) is provided with a hole groove (301) for installing the hole insert (7), and the hole insert (7) is used for receiving seeds; The seed protection plate (6) is fixedly arranged between the rear shell (1) and the front shell (9) and is positioned at the radial outer edge of the seed metering disc (3), the seed protection plate (6) is in a circular ring shape and is divided into three arc sections, and the three arc sections are sequentially provided with a seed charging-carrying section seed protection plate (603), a seed cleaning section seed protection plate (605) and a seed feeding section seed protection plate (601) from high to low in a step shape, wherein the seed charging-carrying section seed protection plate (603) corresponds to a seed charging area, the height of the seed charging-carrying section seed protection plate is higher than that of a type hole insert (7), the seed cleaning section seed protection plate (605) corresponds to a seed cleaning area, the height of the seed feeding section seed protection plate (601) is flush with that of seeds in the type hole insert (7), and the height of the seed feeding section seed protection plate (601) is not higher than the bottom of the hole insert (7); the seed metering disc (3) faces to the disc surface of the front shell (9) and the radial outer side of the guide turbine (4), and a plurality of gesture adjusting grooves (302) are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction and are used for adjusting the gesture of corn to be a lying gesture; The layered annular partition plate (8) is fixedly arranged on the inner surface of the front shell (9) facing the cavity and is positioned at the outer side of the distribution area of the posture adjustment groove (302) in the radial direction, and a plurality of sieve holes (804) are formed in the layered annular partition plate (8) and are used for screening seeds passing through the lying posture, namely the thickness direction; the front shell (9) comprises a shell cover, a feeding port (905), a backflow pipeline and a seed throwing port (909), the backflow pipeline comprises a backflow pipeline inlet (912), a backflow part and a backflow pipeline outlet (907), the backflow pipeline inlet (912) is tangential to the end face of the inner surface of the shell cover, the backflow pipeline outlet (907) is located at the lower edge of the inner surface of the shell cover and above an intrados (801) of the layered annular partition plate (8), the backflow part is located on the outer side of the shell cover, the feeding port (905) is located in the middle of the shell cover, and the seed throwing port (909) is arranged below the seed protecting plate (601) of the seed throwing section in the seed protecting plate (6).
2. The gesture-adjusting and filling-promoting centrifugal corn high-speed precise seed metering device according to claim 1 is characterized in that the guide turbine (4) is fixedly attached to the central area of the surface of the seed metering disc (3) facing the front shell (9), and the gesture-adjusting grooves (302) are distributed in the annular area, corresponding to the outer edge of the guide turbine (4), of the surface of the seed metering disc (3).
3. The gesture-adjusting and filling-promoting centrifugal corn high-speed precise seed metering device according to claim 1, wherein the flow guiding turbine (4) comprises a turbine main body and flow guiding turbine teeth (401) arranged on the outer side of the turbine main body, the flow guiding turbine teeth (401) are of arc-shaped structures and comprise a flow guiding turbine tooth intrados (402) facing a circle center and a flow guiding turbine tooth extrados (408) opposite to the intrados, and when the gesture-adjusting and filling-promoting centrifugal corn high-speed precise seed metering device is in operation, the flow guiding turbine (4) rotates along the direction of the flow guiding turbine tooth extrados (408).
4. The gesture-adjusting and filling-promoting centrifugal corn high-speed precise seed metering device according to claim 1 is characterized in that the layered annular partition plate (8) comprises an intrados (801) facing the center of a cavity and an annular end inclined surface (803) connected to the upper side of the intrados (801), the annular end inclined surface (803) is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the front shell (9), the inclination angle of the annular end inclined surface (803) is 60 degrees, and the curvature radius of the intrados (801) is 68 mm.
5. The gesture-adjusting and filling-promoting centrifugal corn high-speed precise seed metering device according to claim 1, wherein the sieve holes (804) are uniformly distributed on the arc sections of the seed filling-carrying section seed protection plate (603) of the seed filling area corresponding to the layered annular partition plate (8).
6. The gesture-adjusting and filling-promoting centrifugal corn high-speed precise seed metering device according to claim 1 is characterized in that the bottom of a shaping hole of the shaping hole insert (7) is of a T-shaped structure, the shaping hole groove (301) is of a T-shaped groove, the shaping hole insert (7) comprises a shaping hole insert rear end face (701) and shaping hole insert front end faces (702) arranged on two sides of the shaping hole insert rear end face, the inclination angle of the shaping hole insert front end face (702) is 30 degrees, and the inclination angle of the shaping hole insert rear end face (701) is 50 degrees.
7. The gesture-adjusting and filling-promoting centrifugal corn high-speed precise seed metering device according to claim 1, wherein the central angle opening corresponding to the seed-metering section seed protection plate (601) is 56 degrees, and the central angle opening corresponding to the seed-cleaning section seed protection plate (605) is 87 degrees.
8. The gesture-adjusting and filling-promoting centrifugal corn high-speed precise seed metering device according to claim 1, wherein the inlet (912) of the backflow pipeline is tangent to the end surface of the inner surface of the shell cover, the curvature radius of the backflow pipeline is 80 mm, and the feeding port (905) is slightly higher than the outlet (907) of the backflow pipeline.
9. The gesture-adjusting and filling-promoting centrifugal corn high-speed precise seed metering device according to claim 1 is characterized in that a rear housing first mounting groove (105) and a rear housing second mounting groove (109) are formed in a rear housing (1), a front housing first mounting groove 901 and a front housing third mounting groove 906 are formed in a front housing (9), and a seed protection plate (6) is respectively matched and fixed with the corresponding rear housing first mounting groove (105) and rear housing second mounting groove (109) on the rear housing (1) and the corresponding front housing first mounting groove 901 and front housing third mounting groove 906 on the front housing (9) through a seed protection plate fixing boss I (602) and a seed protection plate fixing boss II (604) which are arranged on the seed protection plate.
10. The seed metering method of the gesture-adjusting and filling-promoting centrifugal corn high-speed precise seed metering device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: Step one, seed filling and posture adjustment, wherein an external driving device drives a transmission shaft (5) to drive a seed metering disc (3) and a flow guide turbine (4) to synchronously rotate, corn seeds enter the bottom of a cavity from a feeding hole (905), are disturbed by the flow guide turbine (4) and outwards move under the action of centrifugal force, and form annular seed flows on the inner side of a layered annular partition plate (8), when the seeds flow through a posture adjustment groove (302) on the seed metering disc (3), the posture of the seeds is adjusted to be in a lying posture, then the seeds move to a sieve hole (804) on the layered annular partition plate (8), and the seeds in the thickness direction enter an outer seed filling flow channel between the seed metering disc (3) and the layered annular partition plate (8) through the sieve hole (804) and are filled into a rotating through hole plug-in piece (7) under the action of the centrifugal force; step two, seed cleaning, namely, a hole plug-in unit (7) carrying seeds enters a seed cleaning area under the restraint of a seed filling-carrying section seed protection plate (603) of a seed protection plate (6), redundant seeds in holes are thrown out by centrifugal force at the position of the seed cleaning section seed protection plate (605) and fall back to the bottom of a cavity to participate in seed filling again after being guided by a return pipeline of a front shell (9), and single seeds are reserved in each hole plug-in unit (7) after seed cleaning; Step three, the seed feeding hole plug-in (7) rotates to a seed feeding area, seeds are separated from the holes under the action of centrifugal force at the tail end of the seed protection plate (601) of the seed feeding section and discharged through a seed feeding port (909), and single-seed precision sowing is completed.

Description

Gesture-adjusting and filling-promoting centrifugal corn high-speed precise seed metering device and seed metering method Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a gesture-adjusting and filling-promoting centrifugal corn high-speed precise seed metering device and a seed metering method. Background At present, corn is the grain crop with the largest planting area in China, and in order to meet the requirements of high precision, high efficiency and high density of mechanical corn planting, high-speed precision sowing is the main development direction of corn sowing equipment. The high-speed precise seed metering device is used as a core component of the corn planter, and the seed metering performance of the high-speed precise seed metering device directly determines the sowing quality. The current precise corn seed metering device mainly comprises a mechanical seed metering device and a pneumatic seed metering device. The pneumatic seed sowing device has the advantages of high precision, strong universality, high speed and high efficiency, however, under the condition of high-speed operation, the requirement on air pressure is high, miss seeding is easily caused when the air pressure is unstable, and meanwhile, high energy consumption is caused at high speed. The mechanical seed sowing device has the advantages of simple structure, low cost and convenient maintenance, but is difficult to be suitable for high-speed operation. The centrifugal seed metering device drives the seeds to do high-speed rotation motion through the high-speed rotation hole plug-in units, and the centrifugal force generated by the seeds is utilized to realize seed carrying, seed cleaning and seed feeding, so that the problem that the mechanical seed metering device is difficult to be suitable for a low-speed operation scene is solved. However, the centrifugal seed metering device is easy to have ineffective seed filling phenomena such as seed clamping and blocking in high-speed operation due to irregular appearance, large inter-seed resistance and short seed filling time of corn seeds in the seed filling process, so that the seed leakage phenomenon is serious, and the requirement of high-speed precision seeding cannot be met. Disclosure of Invention Aiming at the problem that the existing centrifugal seed metering device cannot meet the requirement of high-speed precision seeding, the invention provides the gesture-adjusting and filling-promoting centrifugal corn high-speed precision seed metering device and the seed metering method, which can realize the accurate and effective seed filling of the centrifugal seed metering device under high-speed operation. The first purpose of the invention is to provide a posture-adjusting and filling-promoting centrifugal corn high-speed precise seed metering device, which comprises a rear shell, a front shell, a bearing, a seed metering disc, a flow guiding turbine, a transmission shaft, a seed protection plate, a hole plug-in and a layered annular partition plate; the rear shell is connected with the front shell and encloses an inner cavity; the transmission shaft is rotatably supported on the rear shell through the bearing; The seed metering disc and the flow guiding turbine are sequentially and fixedly arranged on the transmission shaft from back to front and are positioned in the cavity, and a circumferential edge of the seed metering disc is provided with a hole slot for installing the hole plug-in unit which is used for receiving seeds; The seed protection plate is fixedly arranged between the rear shell and the front shell and is positioned at the radial outer edge of the seed metering disc, the seed protection plate is circular and is divided into three arc sections, namely a seed charging-carrying section seed protection plate, a seed cleaning section seed protection plate and a seed feeding section seed protection plate which are arranged in a step shape from high to low, wherein the seed charging-carrying section seed protection plate corresponds to a seed charging area, the height of the seed charging-carrying section seed protection plate is higher than that of a hole plug-in unit, the seed cleaning section seed protection plate corresponds to a seed cleaning area, the height of the seed protection plate is flush with that of seeds in the hole plug-in unit, the seed feeding section seed protection plate corresponds to a seed feeding area, and the height of the seed charging-carrying section seed protection plate is not higher than that of the bottom of the hole plug-in unit; the seed metering disc faces to the disc surface of the front shell and the radial outer side of the flow guiding turbine, and a plurality of gesture adjusting grooves are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction and used for adjusting the gesture of corn to be changed into a lying gesture; The layered annular partition plate is fixe