CN-121970597-A - Vegetable head harvester with variable-diameter defoliation mechanism and harvesting method

CN121970597ACN 121970597 ACN121970597 ACN 121970597ACN-121970597-A

Abstract

The invention provides a green vegetable head harvester with a variable-diameter defoliation mechanism and a harvesting method, which are used for solving the problems that in the prior art, the manual harvesting efficiency is low, and the harvesting of equipment cannot be adaptively adjusted to defoliate according to the size of crops and irregular shapes. The threshing and root cutting mechanism comprises a movable chassis, a threshing and root cutting mechanism, a leaf removing mechanism and a material transferring mechanism, wherein the movable chassis comprises a frame, a middle through groove is formed in the front-rear direction of the frame, the threshing and root cutting mechanism comprises a threshing component and a root cutting component, the threshing component and the root cutting component are connected into a middle barrel groove of the frame through a conveying mechanism, the threshing component is positioned in front of the root cutting component, the leaf removing mechanism is positioned below the output end of the conveying mechanism, the material transferring mechanism comprises a material transferring plate and a material transferring component, and a She Qingcai head which is output at the outlet of the material transferring plate is conveyed into a material storage pool above the frame when the material transferring component acts. The harvester can not only improve harvesting efficiency, but also be capable of self-adapting to green vegetable heads with different sizes and irregular shapes for defoliation.

Inventors

SHAO WEIXING
REN GUIYING
WU YU
SONG SHUMIN
ZHANG LEI
ZHANG HAO
YANG SHIHANG

Assignees

重庆市农业科学院

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20260402

Claims (10)

1. A green vegetable head harvester with a variable diameter defoliation mechanism, comprising: The mobile chassis comprises a frame, and a middle through groove is formed in the front-back direction of the frame; The threshing and root cutting mechanism is positioned in front of the middle through groove and comprises a threshing component and a root cutting component, and the threshing component and the root cutting component are connected into the middle barrel groove of the frame through a conveying mechanism; The threshing assembly is positioned in front of the upper part of the root cutting assembly and comprises a threshing cylinder and a threshing She Dongli source, the threshing cylinder is transversely connected to the upper front part of a cutting table of the cutting assembly through a front extending arm in a rotating mode and is driven by the threshing She Dongli source to rotate towards the advancing direction of the movable chassis, a plurality of threshing rods are arranged on the threshing cylinder, and the threshing rods are arranged at intervals along the axial direction and the circumferential direction of the threshing cylinder; The leaf removing mechanism is obliquely arranged behind the root cutting assembly in a way that the front part of the conveying mechanism is low, the rear part of the conveying mechanism is high, so that green vegetable heads fed by the root cutting assembly are conveyed to the input end of the leaf removing mechanism, and the leaf removing mechanism is positioned below the output end of the conveying mechanism; the material transferring mechanism comprises a material transferring plate and a material transferring assembly, wherein the front part of the material transferring plate is high, the rear part of the material transferring plate is low, the material transferring plate is inclined in the middle through groove, the input end of the material transferring plate is positioned below the output end of the leaf removing mechanism, the material transferring plate is provided with a plurality of slag leaking grooves, the slag leaking grooves are uniformly arranged transversely along the frame, and the material transferring assembly is used for conveying a She Qingcai head output at the outlet of the material transferring plate to a material storage tank above the frame during operation.
2. The green vegetable head harvester with the variable-diameter defoliation mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the defoliation mechanism comprises a mounting frame, the mounting frame is vertically arranged above the input end of the material turning plate, and a mounting through cavity is arranged along the height direction of the mounting frame; The adjusting components are positioned in the installation through cavity and are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the side wall of the installation through cavity; Each adjusting component comprises a vertical plate and at least one self-adaptive adjusting part, the vertical plates are connected with the side wall of the installation through cavity through at least one self-adaptive adjusting part, and the vertical plates of the adjusting components are enclosed to form an outer cavity; the inner cylinder is positioned in the installation through cavity, the central axis of the inner cylinder is collinear with the central axis of the installation through cavity, and a delivery leaf channel is formed between the outer wall of the inner cylinder and the inner wall of an outer cavity formed by enclosing the vertical plates of the plurality of adjusting assemblies; the flexible assembly comprises a first flexible piece and a second flexible piece, a plurality of first flexible pieces are arranged on the outer wall of the inner cylinder, a plurality of second flexible pieces are arranged on the inner wall of the outer cavity, the first flexible pieces and the second flexible pieces are oppositely arranged, and a space is reserved between one ends, far away from the installation end, of the first flexible pieces and the second flexible pieces; the driving assembly is used for driving the inner barrel or the mounting frame to rotate so as to generate thrust along the axial direction of the inner barrel or the mounting frame, so that the green vegetable heads are conveyed from the input end of the conveying defoliation channel to the output end.
3. The vegetable head harvester with the variable diameter defoliation mechanism according to claim 2, wherein the self-adaptive adjusting part comprises a base body fixedly connected to the side wall of the installation through cavity of the installation frame; the adjusting rod is perpendicular to the length direction of the vertical plate and is fixedly connected with the vertical plate, the base body is provided with an adjusting groove which is in sliding fit with the adjusting rod, when leaves are removed, the vertical plate is self-adaptively supported in the leaf conveying and removing channel, and the adjusting rod slides in the adjusting groove in the direction away from the central axis of the mounting through cavity so as to self-adaptively adapt to the green vegetable heads with different sizes; The elastic piece is arranged between the tail end of the seat body and the adjusting rod, and is used for resetting the vertical plate to the direction close to the central axis of the installation through cavity.
4. The vegetable head harvester with the variable diameter defoliation mechanism according to claim 2, wherein the outer wall of the inner cylinder is spirally arranged along a plurality of first flexible pieces axially arranged on the outer wall of the inner cylinder, the plurality of second flexible pieces arranged on the inner wall of the outer cavity are axially and circumferentially arranged at intervals along the outer cavity, and the inner cylinder is driven to rotate by the driving component so as to drive the vegetable head to convey defoliation from the input end to the output end of the conveying defoliation channel; Or, a plurality of first flexible parts that set up on the inner tube outer wall follow self axial and circumference interval arrangement, a plurality of second flexible parts that set up on the outer chamber inner wall follow the outer chamber axial is the spiral arrangement, the mounting bracket passes through drive assembly drive rotates in order to drive green vegetable head follow carry and remove leaf passageway input to carry and remove the leaf to the output.
5. The green vegetable head harvester with the variable diameter defoliation mechanism according to claim 2, wherein the first flexible member and the second flexible member are identical in structure; the first flexible piece and the second flexible piece are provided with a plurality of annular bulges, and the annular bulges are axially equidistant and/or non-equidistant along the first flexible piece and the second flexible piece.
6. The green vegetable head harvester with the variable diameter defoliation mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the root cutting assembly comprises a cutting table, a cutting part, a feeding auger, a feeding part and a driving part; the cutting table is communicated with the input end of the conveying mechanism, and a plurality of leaf leakage grooves are transversely formed along the cutting table; the cutting part is transversely arranged in front of the cutting table and comprises fixed cutter teeth and cutting cutter teeth, and the cutting cutter teeth move in a reciprocating mode relative to the fixed cutter teeth so as to cut roots; the feeding auger is rotatably connected in the cutting table and is positioned at the rear side of the feeding part; the feeding part is rotationally connected in the cutting table, and feeds the vegetable heads cut by the cutting part to the feeding auger when the feeding part acts; the cutter teeth of the cutting part, the feeding auger and the feeding part are driven by the power of the driving part.
7. The green vegetable head harvester with the variable diameter defoliation mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the material transferring component comprises a material transferring cylinder, a material receiving plate and a material transferring power source; A groove is formed in one side, facing the front end of the frame, of the rotary charging barrel, a plurality of rotary charging grooves are circumferentially formed in the inner wall of the groove, each rotary charging groove is provided with a baffle plate in the direction facing the rotary direction of the rotary charging barrel, and the rotary axis of the rotary charging barrel is parallel to the front-back direction of the frame and is driven to rotate by the rotary charging power source; the front part of the receiving plate is low, the rear part of the receiving plate is high, and the receiving plate is obliquely arranged on the frame and is used for conveying the green vegetable heads falling in the transfer chute into the storage tank.
8. The vegetable head harvester with the variable diameter defoliation mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the material transferring mechanism further comprises a self-shaking component, and the self-shaking component is arranged around the material transferring plate; Each self-shaking assembly comprises a support body, a support rod and a self-shaking elastic piece, wherein the support body is fixedly connected with the side wall of the middle through groove, the support rod is fixedly connected with the side edge of the material transferring plate, and a chute which is vertically upwards and is in sliding fit with the support rod is arranged on the support body; The self-shaking elastic piece is arranged between the tail end of the supporting body and the supporting rod and used for resetting the material turning plate to the output end of the leaf removing mechanism.
9. The vegetable head harvester with the variable diameter defoliation mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the conveying mechanism is rotatably connected in the middle through groove through a lifting shell, and the lifting shell controls the distance between the defoliation and defoliation mechanism and the ground through a lifting piece; The conveying mechanism comprises a lifting belt, a first transmission shaft, a second transmission shaft and a lifting power source, wherein the first transmission shaft and the second transmission shaft are respectively connected to two ends of the lifting shell in a rotating mode, the lifting belt is wound on the first transmission shaft and the second transmission shaft, and a plurality of blocking pieces used for preventing green vegetable heads from sliding downwards are arranged on the lifting belt; the lifting power source is used for driving the first transmission shaft to rotate so as to drive the lifting belt to rotate and convey the green vegetable heads fed by the root cutting assembly to the input end of the leaf removing mechanism.
10. A harvesting method of a green vegetable head harvester with a variable-diameter defoliation mechanism is characterized by comprising the following steps of: The threshing and cutting step is that the threshing and She Dongli source drives the threshing and She Tongchao to rotate towards the advancing direction of the movable chassis, the threshing and She Bang breaks the vegetable leaves on the upper part of the green vegetable heads, and the root cutting assembly cuts off the vegetable roots along with the advancing of the movable chassis, feeds the vegetable roots into the conveying mechanism and conveys the vegetable roots to the input end of the leaf removing mechanism through the conveying mechanism; The leaf removing step is that the inner barrel or the mounting frame is driven to rotate by the driving component, the green vegetable heads are conveyed from the input end to the output end of the leaf conveying and removing channel by virtue of thrust in the leaf conveying and removing channel, the green vegetable heads self-adaptively prop up the vertical plates in the leaf conveying and removing channel so as to adapt to the green vegetable heads with different sizes and irregular shapes, and residual vegetable leaves at the top and around of the green vegetable heads are thoroughly removed by utilizing the combined action of the first flexible piece and the second flexible piece; and a transferring step, namely receiving the head of the leaf removing She Qingcai from the output end of the leaf conveying channel through the material transferring plate, rolling the head of the leaf removing She Qingcai along the input end of the material transferring plate to the output end, and simultaneously, enabling residues to fall to the ground through the slag leaking groove, wherein the action of the material transferring assembly conveys the head of the leaf removing She Qingcai output at the outlet of the material transferring plate to a storage pool above the frame.

Description

Vegetable head harvester with variable-diameter defoliation mechanism and harvesting method Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a green vegetable head harvester with a variable-diameter defoliation mechanism and a harvesting method. Background The green cabbage head is named as stem tumor mustard, which is a raw material for preparing hot pickled mustard tuber, and is planted in Chongqing, sichuan, zhejiang, guizhou, yunnan and other provinces, wherein Fuling hot pickled mustard tuber in Chongqing city is known for a long time. The vegetable is planted in the soil, and comprises vegetable leaves, metamorphosis stems (commonly called vegetable heads) and vegetable roots, wherein the overground parts of the vegetable leaves are 60-80 cm high, the vegetable heads are positioned at the lower parts of the overground parts, the vegetable leaves are longer on the vegetable heads, more than ten vegetable pieces are arranged on the vegetable heads, and the vegetable roots are positioned at the underground parts and are 20-30 cm long. The traditional harvesting of the green vegetable heads is mostly finished by manpower, namely, the connecting part of the green vegetable heads and the vegetable roots is cut off by a sickle, then the green vegetable heads are held by one hand, the cutter is held by the other hand, and a plurality of vegetable leaves are sequentially cut off and then placed in the back basket. Because the ripe green vegetable heads are heavy, the green vegetable heads also need to be continuously rotated in the vegetable leaf cutting process, so that a harvester is very hard and has low efficiency. In addition, the harvesting operation can be completed by the existing harvesting equipment, but when the cutting knife cuts the vegetable leaves on the vegetable heads, the cutting knife usually cuts the vegetable leaves horizontally on the upper parts of the vegetable heads, so that most vegetable leaves still remain on the tops and the peripheries of the tops of the vegetable heads after harvesting, and in the following leaf removing process, the leaf removing device cannot carry out self-adaptive adjustment and leaf removing according to the size and the irregular shape of crops due to the influences of irregular growth shapes, inconsistent sizes, random distribution of vegetable leaf positions and the like of the vegetable heads in the harvesting period, so that the leaf removing effect is poor. Disclosure of Invention In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, the present invention is directed to a green vegetable head harvester with a variable diameter defoliation mechanism and a harvesting method thereof, which are used for solving the problems that in the prior art, the manual harvesting efficiency is low, and the harvesting of the device cannot be adaptively adjusted according to the size of the crop and the irregular shape. To achieve the above and other related objects, the present invention provides a green vegetable head harvester with a variable diameter defoliation mechanism, comprising: The mobile chassis comprises a frame, and a middle through groove is formed in the front-back direction of the frame; The threshing and root cutting mechanism is positioned in front of the middle through groove and comprises a threshing component and a root cutting component, and the threshing component and the root cutting component are connected into the middle barrel groove of the frame through a conveying mechanism; The threshing assembly is positioned in front of the upper part of the root cutting assembly and comprises a threshing cylinder and a threshing She Dongli source, the threshing cylinder is transversely connected to the upper front part of a cutting table of the cutting assembly through a front extending arm in a rotating mode and is driven by the threshing She Dongli source to rotate towards the advancing direction of the movable chassis, a plurality of threshing rods are arranged on the threshing cylinder, and the threshing rods are arranged at intervals along the axial direction and the circumferential direction of the threshing cylinder; The leaf removing mechanism is obliquely arranged behind the root cutting assembly in a way that the front part of the conveying mechanism is low, the rear part of the conveying mechanism is high, so that green vegetable heads fed by the root cutting assembly are conveyed to the input end of the leaf removing mechanism, and the leaf removing mechanism is positioned below the output end of the conveying mechanism; the material transferring mechanism comprises a material transferring plate and a material transferring assembly, wherein the front part of the material transferring plate is high, the rear part of the material transferring plate is low, the material transferring plate is inclined in the middle through groove, the input end of the material transferring p