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CN-121970619-A - Bionic shredding external cutter surface with crown surface micro-nano structure

CN121970619ACN 121970619 ACN121970619 ACN 121970619ACN-121970619-A

Abstract

The invention relates to a bionic shredding outer cutter face with a crown face micro-nano structure, belonging to the technical field of agricultural machinery cutter design. The invention comprises a cutter head, a cutter body and a locking sleeve. The tool bit comprises a tooth crown surface, cutting particles, a blade surface bulge, a mounting sliding block, a locking hole and a main cutting edge, the tool body comprises a mounting sliding groove, a connecting sliding rail, a curved surface of a near tool holder and a curved surface of a far tool holder, and the locking sleeve comprises an arc-shaped hole and a locking through hole. The tooth crown surface is obtained by simulating a lower tooth incisor curve of a natural river nutria, cutting particles are combined with a microstructure of the natural honeycomb and the river nutria incisor curve to be closely arranged on the tooth crown surface, the cutting surface is convexly arranged on the tooth crown surface and is inserted between the cutting particles, the mounting sliding block and the mounting sliding groove are matched to complete the disassembly and assembly of the cutter head and the cutter body, and the connecting sliding rail and the arc-shaped hole assist in locking sleeve fixation. Compared with the common agricultural chopper, the invention has the advantages of improved chopping efficiency, reduced cutter abrasion and prolonged service life. Meanwhile, the detachable structure can solve the problem that the conventional shredding replacement knife is frequent and complex.

Inventors

  • WANG HAIYI
  • HUI YUNTING
  • Xu Diefan
  • WANG DECHENG
  • QIAO HAN
  • ZHAO KUNLONG
  • YOU YONG
  • MAO QUN
  • Hao Ruikang
  • WANG GUANGHUI

Assignees

  • 中国农业大学

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20260123

Claims (8)

  1. 1. The bionic shredding outer cutter surface with the tooth crown micro-nano structure is characterized by comprising a cutter head (1), a cutter body (2) and a locking sleeve (3); The cutter head (1) comprises a tooth crown surface (1-1), cutting particles (1-2), a blade surface protrusion (1-3), a mounting sliding block (1-4), a locking hole (1-5) and a main cutting edge (1-6), wherein the cutter body (2) comprises a mounting sliding groove (2-1), a connecting sliding rail (2-2), a near-cutter-seat curved surface (2-3) and a far-cutter-seat curved surface (2-4), and the locking sleeve (3) comprises an arc-shaped hole (3-1) and a locking through hole (3-2); a tooth crown surface (1-1), cutting particles (1-2), a blade surface bulge (1-3), a mounting sliding block (1-4), a locking hole (1-5), a mounting sliding groove (2-1), a connecting sliding rail (2-2), an arc-shaped hole (3-1), a locking through hole (3-2) and a near-blade seat curved surface (2-3) are arranged between the main cutting edge (1-6) and the far-blade seat curved surface (2-4) from front to back in sequence; The cutting tool comprises a tooth crown surface (1-1), cutting particles (1-2), a cutting surface bulge (1-3) and a main cutting edge (1-6), wherein the tooth crown surface (1-1), the cutting particles, the cutting surface bulge (1-3) and the main cutting edge (1-6) jointly form a cutting part, materials are rapidly cut off and deeply cut up, the requirements of refinement and homogenization of forage processing are met, a mounting sliding block (1-4), a locking hole (1-5), a mounting sliding groove (2-1), a connecting sliding rail (2-2), an arc-shaped hole (3-1) and a locking through hole (3-2) jointly form a locking part, namely, the locking sleeve (3) is utilized to realize disassembly and assembly of the tool with the self structural characteristics of the tool head (1) and the tool body (2), the tool is endowed with the detachable characteristic, later maintenance and replacement are convenient, and the near tool holder curved surface (2-3) and the far tool holder curved surface (2-4) jointly form a mounting part, and the near tool holder (4) and the tool mounting plate (5) are tightly attached through three side by side bolts, so that reliable positioning and mounting are realized.
  2. 2. The tooth crown micro-nano structure bionic shredding outer cutter surface according to claim 1, wherein the cutting particles (1-2) comprise a hexagonal ladder structure (1-2-1), acute cutting edges (1-2-2) and a back cutting edge (1-2-3), the cutting surface bulge (1-3) comprises a sharp cutting edge (1-3-1) and two special-shaped curved surfaces, namely a left curved surface (1-3-2) and a right curved surface (1-3-3); The tooth crown surface (1-1) is obtained by simulating a lower tooth incisor curve of a natural river, cutting particles (1-2) and blade surface bulges (1-3) are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the tooth crown surface (1-1), the cutting particles (1-2) are combined with a natural honeycomb and a microstructure of the river incisor, six sides of a bottom hexagon are tightly attached to the sides of peripheral adjacent particles to form a compact-structure and uniformly-stressed compact cutting unit array, the blade surface bulges (1-3) are integrally distributed in an equidistant array along the arc line of a main cutting edge (1-6), so that the sharp blade ends (1-3-1) of all the blade surface bulges (1-3) are coplanar to the same cutting arc surface and uniformly inserted in the compact array of the cutting particles (1-2), the left curved surface (1-3-2) is tangent to the right side, the right front side and the right rear side wall of the left cutting particles (1-2), and the right curved surface (1-3-3) is tangent to the left side, the front side and the front side edge (1-6) of the right cutting particles (1-2), and the left side surface (1-6) is fixedly connected with the front tooth crown surface (1-back; The device comprises a cutter body (2), a cutter head (1), a cutter head (2), a locking sleeve (3), a connecting sliding rail (2-2), a locking hole (1-5), a bolt, a connecting sliding rail (2-2), a connecting sliding rail (2-1) and an arc-shaped hole (3-1) which are arranged on the left side and the right side of the cutter head (1-4), are arranged on the rear side of the cutter head (1), are formed by straight lines, trapezoid bosses, straight lines and arc-shaped four sections, are attached to the inner side wall of a mounting sliding groove (2-1) at the front end of the cutter body (2), and are in sliding fit with the arc-shaped hole (3-1) penetrating through the front end face and the rear end face of the locking sleeve (3), the locking hole (1-5) is arranged on the left side and the right side of the mounting sliding block (1-4), the locking sleeve is connected with the locking through the bolt, and the cutter head (1) and the cutter body (2) are prevented from transversely moving; The curved surface (2-3) of the near tool apron is positioned at the rear end of the tool body (2), the curved surface (2-4) of the far tool apron is positioned below the curved surface (2-3) of the near tool apron, the curved surface and the curved surface are smoothly connected with the outer side surfaces of the mounting sliding groove (2-1), the left side surface and the right side surface are flush with the two side surfaces of the tool bit (1), the whole tool is in a curved shape, the material sliding in the cutting process is effectively reduced, the cutting resistance is reduced, and the cutting quality is improved; the locking sleeve (3) is mounted to the cutter body through a near cutter seat curved surface (2-3) and a far cutter seat curved surface (2-4), and the connecting sliding rail (2-2) is attached to the arc-shaped hole (3-1) to mount the auxiliary locking sleeve (3) and is fixed on the outer side of the cutter body (2); The cutting particles (1-2) are closely arranged on the outer surface of the tooth crown surface (1-1), the bottom surface of the hexagonal stepped structure (1-2-1) is fixedly attached to the tooth crown surface (1-1), each layer of edge is provided with an acute angle cutting edge (1-2-2), the cutting edges are arranged along the edge line of the hexagonal stepped structure (1-2-1) in an extending mode, the ridge cutting edges (1-2-3) are vertically arranged on the top layer of the cutting particles (1-2), the cutting edge surfaces are parallel to the material flowing direction, the sizes of the nine cutting edges are reduced from the central line of the hexagon to the edges on two sides, the maximum cutting edge is located on the central line of the hexagon, and the rest cutting edges are symmetrically distributed along the central line; The sharp edge end (1-3-1) is positioned at the front edge of the edge face bulge (1-3), two sides of the edge face bulge (1-3) are special-shaped curved surfaces, namely a left curved surface (1-3-2) and a right curved surface (1-3-3).
  3. 3. The bionic shredding outer cutter surface with the crown surface micro-nano structure according to claim 1, wherein the crown surface (1-1) uses the natural arc-shaped outline of the lower incisors of the river beaver as a reference, the crown surface is basically fit with the arc of the cusps of the lower incisors of the river beaver, and the crown surface is basically fit with the arc of the cusps of the lower incisors of the river beaver in a space rectangular coordinate system O In xyz, the mathematical expression of the edge surface curve on the plane xOz is as follows, with the midpoint of the front edge of the crown surface (1-1) as the origin O, the forward direction as the x axis, the right direction as the y axis and the upward direction as the z axis: 。
  4. 4. The bionic shredding outer cutter surface with the crown surface micro-nano structure according to claim 1, wherein the cutting particles (1-2) adopt a four-layer stepped hexagonal cutting structure: The cutting particles (1-2) take the feeding direction of the chopped materials as the negative direction of the x axis, the direction perpendicular to the feeding direction as the y axis, and all layers are distributed gradually along the negative direction of the x axis, namely, the layers are reduced from bottom to top to form a hexagonal stepped structure (1-2-1); acute angle cutting edges (1-2-2) are arranged on the material contact side edges of the bottom layer to the third layer of the cutting particles (1-2), the cutting edge angle is 30 degrees, stress concentration is facilitated, and the extrusion and shearing effects provided by the rapid rotation of the knife roller in the cutting process are combined to induce generation of transverse initial cracks parallel to the direction of the material stalks; Nine ridge cutting edges (1-2-3) on the top layer of the cutting particles (1-2) are symmetrically distributed along the x axis, the cutting edge directions are all parallel to the x axis, the main cutting edge size is reduced along the positive side and the negative side of the y axis, and the whole ridge cutting edge is distributed in a space similar to an arch shape, so that initial cracks can be directionally expanded and crushed; The hexagonal ladder structure (1-2-1) provides a stable structural frame through honeycomb arrangement, provides a basic carrier for the characteristics of the acute cutting edges (1-2-2) and the ridge cutting edges (1-2-3), is suitable for space arrangement of the acute cutting edges (1-2-2) and the ridge cutting edges, and in the cutting process, materials firstly contact the acute cutting edges (1-2-2) of the first three layers, an initial transverse crack is created by utilizing sharp corner characteristics and extrusion shearing action to provide a cutting starting point for subsequent crack propagation, materials with the initial crack are continuously fed to the top layer, and nine ridge cutting edges (1-2-3) bear crack areas and expand the initial crack along the cracking direction even completely crack through the cutting action of the cutting edges.
  5. 5. The bionic shredding outer cutter surface with the crown surface micro-nano structure according to claim 1, wherein the blade surface bulges (1-3) are in streamline outline, the bulges are distributed at intervals along the length direction of the crown surface, and the front end of each bulge is provided with a sharp blade end (1-3-1) to form concentrated stress on materials and generate transverse initial cracks; the smooth curved surfaces on the two sides of the blade surface bulge (1-3) guide the material to flow to the blade body along the bulge contour by utilizing the characteristic of streamline drag reduction in fluid mechanics, and simultaneously further expand and penetrate the generated transverse crack by the extrusion and shearing compound effect of the curved surfaces In xyz, the mathematical expression of the left curved surface (1-3-2) on the projection plane xOy is: ,x 13.370039 , 0.118766], the mathematical expression of the right curved surface (1-3-3) on the projection plane xOy is: ,x 13.362826 , 0.085890]; the sharp edge end (1-3-1) of the edge face bulge (1-3) and the curved edges on two sides finish the cooperative cutting of cracking-expanding cracking, and the fine crushing of materials is finally realized.
  6. 6. The bionic shredding outer cutter surface with the crown surface micro-nano structure according to claim 1, wherein the opening angle of the main cutting edge (1-6) is set to be 30 degrees to 32 degrees and is matched with the actual cutting edge angle of the river nutria incisors.
  7. 7. The bionic shredding outer cutter surface with the crown surface micro-nano structure according to claim 1, wherein the mounting sliding block (1-4), the mounting sliding groove (2-1), the connecting sliding rail (2-2) and the locking sleeve (3) cooperatively form a mortise and tenon type quick-assembly locking structure: the cutter head (1) is provided with a circular mounting sliding block (1-4) at the rear side, the sliding block and a corresponding mounting sliding groove (2-1) on the cutter body (2) form mortise-tenon type sliding fit, the outline of the mounting sliding groove (2-1) is precisely matched with the outline of the mounting sliding block (1-4), the mounting sliding block (1-4) is guided to directionally slide along the mounting sliding groove (2-1) to avoid deviation in the assembly process, and the radial cutting load of the cutter is borne in the operation process by the contact of the mounting sliding block (1-4) and the surface of the mounting sliding groove (2-1), so that the local stress concentration is reduced; When the tool bit is disassembled, the arc-shaped holes (3-1) slide along the arc-shaped sliding rails to restrict the locking sleeve (3) to stably move along the straight line direction all the time, so that the problem of track deviation caused by sliding of the locking sleeve (3) in the disassembly process is solved, and meanwhile, the acting force of the locking sleeve (3) is uniformly transmitted along the curved surface of the sliding rail to avoid partial abrasion; The tool bit (1) and the locking sleeve (3) are provided with locking holes (1-5) and locking through holes (3-2) on two sides, after the sliding block (1-4) to be installed slides to the assembly station along the installation sliding groove (2-1) and the locking sleeve (3) reaches the locking position, the tool bit (1) is prevented from axially moving along the installation sliding groove (2-1) through threaded connection to realize transverse fastening, and the reliability of connection is effectively improved.
  8. 8. The bionic shredding outer cutter surface with the tooth crown surface micro-nano structure according to claim 1, wherein the tail part of the cutter body (2) is composed of a near cutter seat curved surface (2-3) and a far cutter seat curved surface (2-4), the cutter body and the cutter seat are reliably positioned by matching with the cutter seat contour and the cutter mounting plate contour, the mounting stability is further improved, meanwhile, the cutting reaction force generated during the arc bending linear type dispersible operation is avoided, the tail stress concentration is avoided, the structural durability of the cutter body (2) is improved, and in a space rectangular coordinate system O-xyz, the mathematical expression of the near cutter seat curved surface (2-3) on a projection plane xOz is as follows: ; the mathematical expression of the curved surface (2-4) of the far tool apron on the projection plane xOz is as follows: 。

Description

Bionic shredding external cutter surface with crown surface micro-nano structure Technical Field The invention relates to a bionic shredding outer cutter surface with a crown surface micro-nano structure, belonging to the technical field of agricultural machinery cutter design. Background With the large-scale development of animal husbandry, higher requirements are put on the operation flexibility and maintenance convenience of the forage harvester, and the cutting performance of the chopper is directly related to the palatability and the utilization rate of forage. The current shredding knives on the market have various problems such as insufficient shredding of materials, easy formation of large-size material blocks, reduced digestion and absorption rate of animals, inconvenient installation and adjustment, and the connection of most shredding knife heads and knife bodies mostly adopts a fixing bolt fastening structure, so that when the cutter heads are worn greatly or the cutters with different specifications are required to be replaced according to the types of forage grass, the disassembly and assembly process is complicated and time-consuming. Therefore, the method has very wide prospect in the field of agricultural machinery. Based on the background, the invention designs the detachable shredding knife with the bionic micro-nano structure on the tooth crown for auxiliary cutting. The design uses the compact hexagonal structure of the bee honeycomb and the microstructure of the river nutria incisors in nature as a reference, and combines the tenon-and-mortise structure of China to improve the tooth crown surface and the cutter body structure of the traditional shredding cutter so as to enhance the shredding capability of the shredding cutter on materials, reduce the complexity of cutter replacement and disassembly, further improve the working efficiency of the forage harvester and provide a new technical path and innovation thought for future agricultural harvesting machinery. Disclosure of Invention The technical problem to be solved by the invention is mainly to overcome the defects of the prior art, and particularly to provide a bionic shredding outer cutter surface with a crown surface micro-nano structure. The cutting particles and the blade surface protrusions of the cutter crown surface can further cut the cut material deeply and transversely on the basis of preliminary cutting of the cutting edge, so that cutting resistance is reduced, cutting efficiency is improved, energy consumption is saved, material granularity is reduced, animal digestion speed is accelerated, meanwhile, the cutter is easy and convenient to install and detach, maintenance and replacement of the cutter are facilitated, adjustment of a clearance between movable cutters is facilitated, complex disassembly and assembly processes of the cutter after abrasion or when different cutting length requirements are met are effectively simplified, and time and labor cost are saved. The technical scheme of the invention is that the bionic shredding outer cutter face with the tooth crown micro-nano structure comprises a cutter head 1, a cutter body 2 and a locking sleeve 3; The cutter head 1 comprises a tooth crown surface 1-1, cutting particles 1-2, a blade surface bulge 1-3, a mounting sliding block 1-4, a locking hole 1-5 and a main cutting edge 1-6, wherein the cutter body 2 comprises a mounting sliding groove 2-1, a connecting sliding rail 2-2, a near cutter seat curved surface 2-3 and a far cutter seat curved surface 2-4, and the locking sleeve 3 comprises an arc hole 3-1 and a locking through hole 3-2; a tooth crown surface 1-1, cutting particles 1-2, a blade surface bulge 1-3, a mounting sliding block 1-4, a locking hole 1-5, a mounting sliding chute 2-1, a connecting sliding rail 2-2, an arc-shaped hole 3-1, a locking through hole 3-2 and a near-blade seat curved surface 2-3 are sequentially arranged between the main cutting edge 1-6 and the far-blade seat curved surface 2-4 from front to back; the tooth crown face 1-1, the cutting particles 1-2, the blade face protrusions 1-3 and the main cutting edge 1-6 jointly form a cutting part, materials are rapidly cut off and deeply chopped, the requirements of refinement and homogenization of forage processing are met, the mounting sliding block 1-4, the locking hole 1-5, the mounting sliding groove 2-1, the connecting sliding rail 2-2, the arc-shaped hole 3-1 and the locking through hole 3-2 jointly form a locking part, namely, the locking sleeve 3 is utilized to realize disassembly and assembly of a cutter, the cutter is provided with the characteristic of disassembly of the cutter, the later maintenance and replacement operation are facilitated, the near-cutter-seat curved surface 2-3 and the far-cutter-seat curved surface 2-4 jointly form a mounting part, and the near-cutter-seat curved surface 2-4 and the cutter mounting plate 5 are tightly attached through three parallel bolts,