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CN-121970637-A - Method and device for preparing environment-friendly covering layer by utilizing agricultural byproducts and wastes

CN121970637ACN 121970637 ACN121970637 ACN 121970637ACN-121970637-A

Abstract

The invention relates to and discloses a method and a device for preparing an environment-friendly covering layer by utilizing agricultural byproducts and wastes, a product and application thereof; the method and the special device can efficiently convert the wastes into special products with functions of fattening, biological disinsection and creating rhizosphere micro-oxygen environment, and the coating is particularly suitable for planting the amaranth grains, can effectively promote growth, inhibit soil-borne diseases, improve yield and quality by quantitatively covering root areas in seedling stage or growing medium stage, and realize the recycling and high-value utilization of agricultural wastes.

Inventors

  • LI MINGZHEN
  • YANG KE
  • Feng Qiheng

Assignees

  • 广州王之慧农科技有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20260130

Claims (9)

  1. 1.A method for preparing an environment-friendly cover layer by utilizing agricultural byproducts and wastes, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: step S1, raw material pretreatment, namely respectively crushing livestock manure and plant waste, wherein the plant waste comprises a first component and a second component, the first component is lignocellulose-rich material, and the second component is plant material rich in specific microelements generated in the production or processing process of the amaranth grain; S2, activating a composite microbial inoculum, namely mixing the composite solid microbial inoculum with an activating solution, and activating for 20-40 minutes at a temperature of 30-35 ℃, wherein the composite solid microbial inoculum comprises anaerobic acidogenic bacteria, lignocellulose degrading bacteria and biocontrol actinomycetes; S3, mixing and aerobic fermentation, namely mixing pretreated livestock manure, a first component material and a second component material according to a preset dry weight ratio, adding an activated composite microbial inoculum accounting for 3-5% of the total dry weight of the mixture, regulating the water content of the mixture to 55-65%, uniformly stirring, conveying the mixture to a closed fermentation container, and carrying out primary aerobic fermentation for 5-7 days at 40-50 ℃, wherein during the primary aerobic fermentation, mechanical stirring is carried out at intervals of 22-26 hours and compressed air aeration is assisted, and each time lasts for 10-20 minutes; Step S4, functional enhancement and anaerobic fermentation, namely adding mineral additives accounting for 1% -2% of the total dry weight of the materials and plant source insecticidal active ingredients accounting for 0.5% -1% of the total dry weight of the materials after the primary aerobic fermentation is finished, uniformly mixing, transferring the materials into a sealed anaerobic fermentation container, compacting the materials, and performing secondary anaerobic fermentation for 10-15 days at 35-40 ℃ under the condition of complete sealing; And S5, forming and drying, namely removing the materials subjected to secondary anaerobic fermentation, forming into a semi-finished product of the coating with a preset shape by a physical pressing mode, and then carrying out ventilation drying at normal temperature until the water content is lower than 30%, so as to obtain a finished product of the environment-friendly coating.
  2. 2. The method for preparing the environment-friendly covering layer by utilizing agricultural byproducts and wastes according to claim 1, wherein the livestock manure is selected from one or more of cow manure, sheep manure and poultry manure, the grain size is controlled to be 5-15mm after crushing, the first component material is selected from one or more of crop straw, rice hull, wheat hull and wood dust, the grain size is controlled to be 3-10mm after crushing, and the second component material is selected from one or more of grain amaranth straw, grain amaranth leaf and grain amaranth processing residues, and the grain size is controlled to be 3-8mm after crushing.
  3. 3. The method for preparing the environment-friendly cover layer by utilizing the agricultural byproducts and the wastes, which is disclosed in claim 1, is characterized in that in the step S2, the activating solution is brown sugar aqueous solution with the mass percent concentration of 2% -5%, the anaerobic acidogenic bacteria in the composite solid microbial inoculum are lactobacillus strains, the lignocellulose degrading bacteria are geobacillus stearothermophilus, and the biocontrol actinomycetes are streptomyces microflavus.
  4. 4. The method for preparing an environmental protection cover layer by utilizing agricultural byproducts and wastes according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the mineral additive is diatomite with a specific surface area of more than 30m2/g or ground phosphate rock crushed to more than 200 meshes, and the botanical insecticidal active ingredient is selected from one of matrine extract, azadirachtin extract or residues thereof after extraction.
  5. 5. The method for preparing an environment-friendly covering layer by utilizing agricultural byproducts and wastes according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the compaction treatment enables the bulk density of materials to reach 0.6-0.8g/cm < 3 >, and an exhaust valve is arranged at the top of the anaerobic fermentation container and is connected with a biogas collecting or burning treatment device.
  6. 6. The method for preparing the environment-friendly coating by utilizing the agricultural byproducts and the wastes according to claim 1, wherein the physical pressing mode in the step S5 is any mode of twin-roll, ring die or flat plate pressing, the materials are prepared into particles with the particle size of 3-10mm, strip bodies with the section side length of 10-30mm or sheet bodies with the thickness of 20-50mm, and the drying is carried out under the condition of normal temperature and light shielding ventilation until the water content of the finished coating product is lower than 30%.
  7. 7. A production apparatus for carrying out the method for producing an environmentally friendly cover layer using agricultural byproducts and waste according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising: the device comprises a raw material pretreatment unit, a mixing and aerobic fermentation unit, an anaerobic fermentation unit and a forming and drying unit which are sequentially connected, wherein the raw material pretreatment unit at least comprises a first crusher for crushing livestock manure and a second crusher for crushing plant waste; The mixing and aerobic fermentation unit comprises a mixer, a closed aerobic fermentation tank and a first conveying mechanism, wherein the mixer is provided with a water adding port and a microbial inoculum adding port, the closed aerobic fermentation tank is a vertical or horizontal tank body, a rotatable stirring paddle and a microporous aeration disc positioned at the bottom of the tank body are arranged in the closed aerobic fermentation tank, a jacket capable of being filled with a heat medium is arranged on the tank wall of the closed aerobic fermentation tank, and a tail gas outlet is arranged at the top of the closed aerobic fermentation tank and is connected with a deodorizing device; the anaerobic fermentation unit comprises an anaerobic fermentation bin and a second conveying mechanism, wherein the anaerobic fermentation bin is a closed bin body, a heat preservation layer and a temperature sensor are arranged on the wall of the anaerobic fermentation bin, a hydraulic compaction plate capable of vertically lifting is arranged at the top of the bin body, a sealable feed inlet and an exhaust pipe with a valve are arranged at the top of the bin body, and a pneumatic or hydraulic driven discharge door is arranged at the bottom of the bin body; The forming and drying unit comprises a forming machine and a drying bin, wherein the forming machine is in butt joint with a discharging door of the anaerobic fermentation bin, the forming machine is a double-roller granulator, a ring die pressing block machine or a flat plate tablet press, and a ventilation facility is arranged in the drying bin.
  8. 8. An environmental protection cover layer prepared by the method for preparing environmental protection cover layer using agricultural byproducts and wastes according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
  9. 9. An application method of the environment-friendly cover layer based on claim 8, which is characterized in that the cover layer is uniformly paved on the surface of plant root zone with the dosage of 1500-2500 kg/hectare in the seedling stage or the growing middle stage of grain amaranth, and the paving thickness is 2-5cm.

Description

Method and device for preparing environment-friendly covering layer by utilizing agricultural byproducts and wastes Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural waste recycling and green planting, in particular to a method and a device for preparing an environment-friendly covering layer by utilizing agricultural byproducts and wastes. Background Along with the development of agriculture, the large amount of production and improper disposal of animal husbandry manure and crop processing waste become serious environmental problems, and traditional treatment modes such as stacking, landfill or simple composting not only occupy land, but also easily produce malodor, breeding mosquitoes and flies, polluting water bodies and air; The existing organic covering or fertilizer, such as common straw covering or farmyard manure, has single function. The straw coverage mainly plays roles in preserving soil moisture and inhibiting grass, but is slow in degradation, and can compete for soil nitrogen in the early stage of decomposition to influence crop growth, and the common compost mainly provides nutrients, lacks prevention and control capability for specific diseases and insect pests, and cannot actively regulate and control rhizosphere microenvironment. The amaranth grain is used as a high-value crop, the root system of the amaranth grain is sensitive to soil ventilation and soil-borne diseases, and the conventional fertilization and coverage management mode is difficult to meet the comprehensive requirements of continuous nutrition supply, root disease prevention and suitability for root zone oxygen environment; Therefore, a technology capable of synchronously realizing high-value utilization of agricultural wastes and green and precise cultivation of crops needs to be developed, and wastes are converted into special materials with multiple functions of soil improvement, nutrition supply, pest control, micro-environment regulation and the like, so that the technology has important environmental protection significance and economic value. Disclosure of Invention Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method and a device for preparing an environment-friendly covering layer by utilizing agricultural byproducts and wastes, so as to solve the problems in the prior art. The technical aim of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme that the method for preparing the environment-friendly covering layer by utilizing agricultural byproducts and wastes comprises the following steps: step S1, raw material pretreatment, namely respectively crushing livestock manure and plant waste, wherein the plant waste comprises a first component and a second component, the first component is lignocellulose-rich material, and the second component is plant material rich in specific microelements generated in the production or processing process of the amaranth grain; S2, activating a composite microbial inoculum, namely mixing the composite solid microbial inoculum with an activating solution, and activating for 20-40 minutes at a temperature of 30-35 ℃, wherein the composite solid microbial inoculum comprises anaerobic acidogenic bacteria, lignocellulose degrading bacteria and biocontrol actinomycetes; S3, mixing and aerobic fermentation, namely mixing pretreated livestock manure, a first component material and a second component material according to a preset dry weight ratio, adding an activated composite microbial inoculum accounting for 3-5% of the total dry weight of the mixture, regulating the water content of the mixture to 55-65%, uniformly stirring, conveying the mixture to a closed fermentation container, and carrying out primary aerobic fermentation for 5-7 days at 40-50 ℃, wherein during the primary aerobic fermentation, mechanical stirring is carried out at intervals of 22-26 hours and compressed air aeration is assisted, and each time lasts for 10-20 minutes; Step S4, functional enhancement and anaerobic fermentation, namely adding mineral additives accounting for 1% -2% of the total dry weight of the materials and plant source insecticidal active ingredients accounting for 0.5% -1% of the total dry weight of the materials after the primary aerobic fermentation is finished, uniformly mixing, transferring the materials into a sealed anaerobic fermentation container, compacting the materials, and performing secondary anaerobic fermentation for 10-15 days at 35-40 ℃ under the condition of complete sealing; And S5, forming and drying, namely removing the materials subjected to secondary anaerobic fermentation, forming into a semi-finished product of the coating with a preset shape by a physical pressing mode, and then carrying out ventilation drying at normal temperature until the water content is lower than 30%, so as to obtain a finished product of the environment-friendly coating. Optionally, the livestock manure is selected from one or more of cow