CN-121970638-A - Agriculture and forestry composite operation method mainly comprising eucalyptus and cash crops

CN121970638ACN 121970638 ACN121970638 ACN 121970638ACN-121970638-A

Abstract

The invention discloses an agriculture and forestry composite operation method mainly comprising the following steps of S1, site selection and pretreatment of forest lands, namely red soil/brick red soil forest lands with the altitude less than or equal to 800m and the PH of 4.5-6.5 are selected, and the invention relates to the technical field of agriculture and forestry composite operation. According to the agriculture and forestry compound operation method mainly comprising eucalyptus and cash crops, according to the microenvironment characteristics of different growth stages of eucalyptus, medicinal plants such as honeysuckle, rhizoma polygonati and anoectochilus roxburghii are accurately matched, the active ingredient content of various medicinal materials is obviously improved by combining a medicinal ingredient directional regulation technology, the method accords with pharmacopoeia high-quality standards, annual mu yield and land resource utilization rate of the medicinal plants are greatly improved compared with the traditional mode, nutrient requirements of each growth stage of eucalyptus are met through intelligent drip irrigation and staged water and fertilizer management, soil structure is effectively improved by matching application of biological bacterial fertilizers and organic fertilizers, growth speed and wood yield of eucalyptus are obviously improved, and the phenomenon of 'xiaolao tree' is avoided.

Inventors

MING ANGANG
WANG QINGLING
DENG JIAZHEN
ZHU XINYU
DONG SHITAO
XU JIHUANG
DU APENG
ZHANG ZHONGWEN
WANG YANAN
XU YUXING
FU HAO

Assignees

中国林业科学研究院热带林业实验中心

Dates

Publication Date: 20260505
Application Date: 20251218

Claims (8)

1. The agriculture and forestry composite operation method mainly comprising eucalyptus and cash crops is characterized by comprising the following steps of: s1, selecting and preprocessing a forest land, namely selecting red soil/brick red soil forest land with the altitude less than or equal to 800m and the PH of 4.5-6.5, and improving and partitioning the forest land by using a Chinese medicinal residue-sheep manure matrix; S2, eucalyptus seedlings are selected and planted, namely, eucalyptus urophylla X eucalyptus grandis container seedlings are planted in a fixed mode, and biological bacterial fertilizer is applied; S3, planting medicinal plants according to cycle, wherein the medicinal plants are suitable for the medicinal plants according to the cycle of eucalyptus, namely, planting honeysuckle, peppermint, polygonatum sibiricum, polygonatum odoratum, anoectochilus formosanus and bletilla striata in the young forest stage; s4, dynamic water and fertilizer management, namely setting intelligent drip irrigation, regulating and controlling water and fertilizer, and directionally improving medicinal material components; s5, constructing a prevention and control system by using the repelling plants and the biological bacteria; S6, harvesting and forest land updating, namely accurately harvesting and sprouting updating, so that ecological economy win-win is realized.
2. The method for agricultural and forestry composite operation based on eucalyptus and cash crops according to claim 1, wherein the site selection and pretreatment in S1 are specifically as follows: s1-1, site selection is required to meet red soil or brick red soil conditions with the altitude less than or equal to 800m, the gradient less than or equal to 25 degrees, the soil pH value of 4.5-6.5 and the soil layer thickness more than or equal to 60cm, and steep slopes, low-lying ponding and heavy metal pollution areas are avoided; S1-2, pre-treatment, namely mechanically deep turning 25-30cm, broadcasting 500kg of an improved matrix mixed by decomposed Chinese medicinal residues and sheep manure according to a mass ratio of 2:1 per mu, rotary tillage and soil filling, defining eucalyptus planting belts according to row spacing of 4-5m and plant spacing of 2-3m, reserving 3-4m medicinal plant planting areas among the belts, excavating isolation trenches with a width of 30cm and a depth of 20cm in a 'forest-medicine' section, paving organic buffer matrixes mixed by straw, decomposed Chinese medicinal residues and EM microbial inoculum according to a mass ratio of 5:4:1 in the trenches, and covering 5cm surface soil above the organic buffer matrixes.
3. The agricultural and forestry composite operation method mainly comprising eucalyptus and cash crops according to claim 1, wherein the eucalyptus seedlings in S2 are selected and planted specifically as follows: s2-1, selecting a hybrid clone container seedling of Eucalyptus urophylla X Eucalyptus grandis, wherein the requirements of the seedling height of more than or equal to 50cm, the ground diameter of more than or equal to 0.8cm and the root system integrity are met, and performing adaptive seedling hardening after 30 days; S2-2, after 2-3 months of rain each year, planting holes with the specification of 60cm multiplied by 50cm are planted, each hole is applied with 1.5-2kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 0.3kg of superphosphate and 0.1kg of biological bacterial manure special for medicinal plants, the fertilizer is uniformly mixed with subsoil, backfilled, planted with seedlings and compacted, root fixing water containing 0.1% rooting agent is poured, the base of the seedlings is covered with a mixed covering of crushed wood chips with the thickness of 1m multiplied by 1m and Chinese medicinal residues, and the thickness is 5-8cm.
4. The agricultural and forestry composite operation method mainly comprising eucalyptus and cash crops according to claim 1, wherein the S3 traditional Chinese medicine plant cycle-based adaptive planting method is characterized in that a mode of 'main planting and accompanying' is adopted, honeysuckle is mainly planted in a young forest period 'north flower number', accompanying mint, honeysuckle ridge planting is carried out, row spacing is 1.2m, plant spacing is 0.8m, mint is planted in a row spacing of 30cm and plant spacing of 20cm between ridges, polygonatum cyrtonema is mainly planted in a middle forest period, accompanying polygonatum is carried out, rhizoma polygonati tubers are propagated, rhizoma polygonati is planted in a row of rhizoma polygonati, a 1.2m high simple sunshade net is established to control summer noon illumination rate to be less than or equal to 50%, and Fujian, accompanying bletilla are mainly planted in a near-maturing forest period, and are planted in a film frame for cutting.
5. The method for carrying out agriculture and forestry composite operation on eucalyptus and cash crops according to claim 1 is characterized in that a drip irrigation pipe network is paved along contour lines, independent drip irrigation branches are arranged in eucalyptus and medicinal plant areas, soil humidity, an illumination sensor and an intelligent control valve are arranged, water content of eucalyptus root layers is kept to be 60% -70%, honeysuckle and peanut are kept to be 55% -65% for a long time, rhizoma polygonati is 60% -75%, anoectochilus formosanus cultivation matrix is 75% -80%, in the nutrient management, N: P: K=3:1:2 compound fertilizer 0.1 kg/plant is applied to each month of eucalyptus young forest period, N: P: K=2:1:3 compound fertilizer 0.2 kg/plant is applied to each 2 months of middle forest period, boron-zinc mixture is sprayed in spring, medicinal plant residues and eucalyptus leaves are piled up to form organic fertilizer returns according to variety orientation fertilizer, and calcined oyster shell powder is sprayed in winter to adjust acid.
6. The method for agricultural and forestry composite operation mainly comprising eucalyptus and cash crops according to claim 1, wherein the step S4 further comprises a medicinal plant component directional regulation and control substep, wherein 0.2% of special foliar fertilizer containing flavone synthesis accelerator is sprayed 1 time every 15 days in the honeysuckle flowering period, 1 time of 0.3% of polysaccharide accelerator is sprayed in autumn after the potassium fertilizer is additionally applied in the Polygonatum sibiricum tuber forming period, 1 time of 0.2% of saponin synthesis regulator is sprayed in each month after the anoectochilus formosanus cutting for 3 months, and 0.1% of humic acid foliar fertilizer and 0.05% of molybdenum selenium trace element fertilizer are synchronously matched.
7. The method for carrying out agricultural and forestry composite operation mainly comprising eucalyptus and cash crops according to claim 1, wherein the prevention and control system in the step S5 is characterized in that pyrethrum and wormwood are planted around a woodland, red sage root and safflower are planted in a medicinal plant region, 50kg of functional microbial agents containing antagonistic fungi and growth promoting bacteria are inoculated per mu in a 'forest-medicine' region, a sex pheromone trap is arranged per mu, a high-definition camera and a health detection system are matched for monitoring, biological prevention and control of bacillus subtilis, trichoderma, ladybug and the like are preferentially adopted for prevention and control, physical measures of a mythic fungus plate, deep ploughing frozen upturned soil and the like are adopted as auxiliary materials, biological pesticides such as matrine and kasugamycin are selected when necessary, and a safe interval period is strictly executed.
8. The agricultural and forestry composite operation method mainly comprising eucalyptus and cash crops according to claim 1, wherein harvesting and woodland updating in the step S6 is characterized in that honeysuckle is harvested in a time of changing green flower buds into white flower buds, the polygonatum is harvested in autumn after planting for 3 years, 30% of mother plants are harvested and reserved after 8-10 months of cutting, 2-3 robust bud strips are reserved after 7-year main cutting of eucalyptus, and the planting method is re-suitable for varieties of medicine plants according to the growth stage of bud woods to form a circular operation mode.

Description

Agriculture and forestry composite operation method mainly comprising eucalyptus and cash crops Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture and forestry composite operation, in particular to an agriculture and forestry composite operation method mainly comprising eucalyptus and cash crops. Background The eucalyptus tree is used as a fast-growing and high-yield tree species, has important application value in the fields of papermaking, artificial boards, biomass energy sources and the like, and becomes one of important commercial forest tree species in the south of China, however, the traditional eucalyptus tree artificial forest mostly adopts a single pure forest planting mode, and has a plurality of defects that firstly, soil fertility is reduced due to long-term continuous cropping, the phenomenon of 'small old trees' easily occurs in the later growth stage of the eucalyptus tree, the yield is reduced, secondly, the ecological system of a single forest stand is fragile, the biological diversity is reduced, the spreading of diseases and insect pests is easily caused, resources such as illumination, moisture and the like under the forest are not effectively utilized, the soil production efficiency is low, and thirdly, in part of areas, the soil pollution and water eutrophication are caused due to the excessive application of chemical fertilizer and pesticide for pursuing short-term benefits, and the ecological environment protection requirements are violated. In the existing agriculture and forestry composite operation technology, although there is an attempt of matching eucalyptus with crops and pasture, the technology of combining eucalyptus with a medicinal plant system has obvious shortboards, namely firstly, the medicinal plants are blindly selected and do not accurately match according to microenvironments (illumination intensity, humidity and soil microbial communities) of different ages of eucalyptus and the road-to-land requirements of the medicinal plants, so that the content of active ingredients of medicinal materials is low, the quality of the medicinal materials does not reach the standard, secondly, a special water-fertilizer regulation system for the medicinal plants is lacking, a forest or crop fertilization mode is used, the requirement of accumulation of secondary metabolites of the medicinal plants cannot be met, soil nutrient imbalance is easily caused, thirdly, a 'forest-medicine' ecological interaction regulation mechanism is not established, the relation between volatile matters of eucalyptus and the disease and pest resistance of the medicinal plants is ignored, the disease and pest control is dependent on chemical pesticides, and the safety of the medicinal materials is influenced. Therefore, the invention provides an agriculture and forestry composite operation method mainly comprising eucalyptus and cash crops. Disclosure of Invention Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an agriculture and forestry composite operation method mainly comprising eucalyptus and cash crops, and solves the problems of poor plant suitability, low medicinal material quality and weak ecological benefit of traditional Chinese medicine in the prior art. The invention aims at realizing the purposes by adopting the following technical scheme that the agriculture and forestry composite operation method mainly comprises the following steps of: s1, selecting and preprocessing a forest land, namely selecting red soil/brick red soil forest land with the altitude less than or equal to 800m and the PH of 4.5-6.5, and improving and partitioning the forest land by using a Chinese medicinal residue-sheep manure matrix; S2, eucalyptus seedlings are selected and planted, namely, eucalyptus urophylla X eucalyptus grandis container seedlings are planted in a fixed mode, and biological bacterial fertilizer is applied; S3, planting medicinal plants according to cycle, wherein the medicinal plants are suitable for the medicinal plants according to the cycle of eucalyptus, namely, planting honeysuckle, peppermint, polygonatum sibiricum, polygonatum odoratum, anoectochilus formosanus and bletilla striata in the young forest stage; s4, dynamic water and fertilizer management, namely setting intelligent drip irrigation, regulating and controlling water and fertilizer, and directionally improving medicinal material components; s5, constructing a prevention and control system by using the repelling plants and the biological bacteria; S6, harvesting and forest land updating, namely accurately harvesting and sprouting updating, so that ecological economy win-win is realized. Preferably, the site selection and pretreatment in S1 specifically includes: s1-1, site selection is required to meet red soil or brick red soil conditions with the altitude less than or equal to 800m, the gradient less than or equal to 25 degrees, the soil pH value of 4.5-6.5 and the soil layer thickness