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CN-121970643-A - Method for planting apples in saline-alkali soil

CN121970643ACN 121970643 ACN121970643 ACN 121970643ACN-121970643-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for planting apples in saline-alkali soil, and mainly relates to the technical field of plant grafting. According to the method, the saline-alkali cross stress model is constructed by using NaCl neutral salt and NaHCO 3 alkaline salt, the saline-alkali resistance of 17 apple stocks is systematically evaluated, and compared with the prior art, the sequence of the saline-alkali resistance from strong to weak is QZ2>XJ2>QZ1>QZ8>XJ1>XJ4>T18>XJ3>QZ16>QZ39>B68>QZ20>PYTC>LS4>T337>G935>LS3., and the saline-alkali soil apple planting method improves the saline-alkali resistance and drought resistance of the apple stocks in the saline-alkali soil environment by improving the saline-alkali stress degree of the apple stocks.

Inventors

  • GE HONGJUAN
  • LI GUOFANG
  • MA RONGQUN
  • SUN JILU
  • ZHANG XIANG
  • LIAN ZHIXIN

Assignees

  • 青岛市农业科学研究院(山东省农业科学院青岛市分院)

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20260211

Claims (8)

  1. 1. A method for planting apples in saline-alkali soil, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: Performing saline-alkali stress treatment on the apple tree stock, grafting the apple tree stock into potting soil, and managing for 14-16 days, transplanting the apple tree stock seedling together with the potting soil into the saline-alkali soil after the seedling grows until the leaves of the apple tree stock are in 24-26 pieces, wherein the pot opening is 0.8-1.2cm higher than the ground; The potting soil is prepared by mixing raw soil of saline-alkali soil, soil matrix and vermiculite in a weight ratio of 1.5-2.5:0.5-1.5:0.5-1.5; The potting soil is prepared by mixing raw soil of saline-alkali soil, soil matrix and modified vermiculite in a weight ratio of 1.5-2.5:0.5-1.5:0.5-1.5; the preparation method of the modified vermiculite comprises the following steps of: S1, mixing 0.5-1.5 parts of vermiculite and 2-4 parts of cotton straw, calcining at 400-500 ℃ for 1-2 hours, and sieving with a 40-60 mesh sieve to obtain biochar composite vermiculite; s2, adding 0.5-1.5 parts of biochar composite vermiculite into 8-12 parts of 0.5-1.5wt% citric acid aqueous solution, soaking for 2-4 hours, taking out and drying at 60-80 ℃ to obtain the modified vermiculite.
  2. 2. The method for planting apples in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the modified vermiculite is prepared by the following steps in parts by weight: S1, mixing 0.5-1.5 parts of vermiculite and 2-4 parts of cotton straw, calcining at 400-500 ℃ for 1-2 hours, and sieving with a 40-60 mesh sieve to obtain biochar composite vermiculite; s2, adding 0.5-1.5 parts of biological carbon composite vermiculite and 0.0005-0.0015 parts of extract into 8-12 parts of 0.005-0.015wt% sodium phosphate aqueous solution, stirring at room temperature for 10-15 hours, taking out and drying at 65-75 ℃ to obtain phosphorus-loaded biological carbon composite vermiculite; s3, adding 0.5-1.5 parts of phosphorus-loaded biochar composite vermiculite into 8-12 parts of 0.5-1.5wt% citric acid aqueous solution, soaking for 2-4 hours, taking out and drying at 60-80 ℃ to obtain the modified vermiculite.
  3. 3. The method for planting apples in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the saline-alkali stress treatment is a mixture of NaCl and NaHCO 3 in a weight ratio of 0.5-1.5:0.5-1.5.
  4. 4. The method for planting apples in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the saline-alkali stress treatment is 80-90 mmol.l -1 .
  5. 5. The method for planting apples in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the pH after the saline-alkali stress treatment is 8.5-8.8.
  6. 6. A method of growing apples in saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the soil substrate is one or more of perlite, coconut coir, peatmoss.
  7. 7. The method for planting apples in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein apple stock varieties include Malus hupehensis, malus hupehensis No. 1, malus hupehensis No. 2, malus hupehensis No. 3, malus hupehensis No. 4, stock of green stock type 1, stock of green stock type 2, stock of green stock type 8, stock of green stock type 16, stock of green stock type 20, stock of green stock type 39, stock of green stock type Laoshan No. 3, stock of green stock type Laoshan No. 4, and apple stocks B68, G935, T337 and T18 stored by the university of Hebei agriculture.
  8. 8. The method for planting apples in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the apple stock variety is green stock No. 2.

Description

Method for planting apples in saline-alkali soil Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of plant grafting, in particular to a method for planting apples in saline-alkali soil. Background Apples (Malus pumila mill.) belong to the genus Malus of the family rosaceae, are light-and cold-resistant, and have high nutritional value, bright color and excellent mouthfeel as the first fruit of the public, and have been popular. Apomixis refers to a breeding mode in which plants produce seeds without fusion of male and female gametes, while Malus apomixis plants are used as apple rootstocks. Malus apomictic resources such as Hubei crabapple and malus xiaojinensis are used as apple stocks, and the malus apomictic resources are applied to production and are characterized by regular growth, strong stress resistance and the like. The development trend of fruit tree cultivation in the prior art is dwarfing close planting, if the apomixis stock has dwarfing performance, certain defects of the existing clone dwarfing stock can be overcome, if the clone stock is used as a self-root stock, the soil fixation is poor, the application range is narrow, the method is not suitable for the clone dwarfing stock, if the method is used as an intermediate stock, the grafting is needed for two times, the seedling raising time is long, the grown stock is high, and the defects of easy virus infection and the like exist. The drought resistance, the salt and alkali resistance and the like of apomixis stocks are improved, so that the application range of apples can be enlarged, the production cost is reduced, and the specialized and regional utilization of apple stocks is realized. Saline-alkali soil and drought environment are two limiting factors in global agricultural production, improvement of the soil is of great significance for expanding cultivated land resources and guaranteeing grain safety, and development of the saline-alkali resistant and drought resistant stock has great significance for improving the growth and development capacity of fruit trees in saline-alkali and drought soil, enhancing stress resistance and improving fruit quality. The method solves the problem of crop growth in saline-alkali soil and drought soil, is not only beneficial to improving the overall competitiveness of fruit tree industry, but also has long-term significance for maintaining ecological balance, protecting environment and promoting sustainable development CN105830927a discloses a method for grafting and cultivating apples in saline-alkali soil, which comprises the steps of firstly cultivating malus haliotidis seedlings, transplanting the malus haliotidis seedlings in saline-alkali soil, then grafting by taking the seedlings as stocks and apple branches as scions, and finally performing later-period management, wherein the core is that the malus haliotidis seedlings are quickly bred through a tissue culture technology, and subjected to saline-alkali tolerance cultivation, so that 2-year-old malus haliotidis stocks with excellent saline-alkali resistance are obtained, and further, large-area cultivation of apple trees in the saline-alkali soil is realized. However, the invention only limits one stock of Malus spectabilis, the stock is single in selection, and the adaptability difference of different stocks to land blocks with different saline-alkali degrees is not considered. CN120787815A discloses a method for tissue culture and rapid propagation of apple saline-alkali tolerant stocks, which comprises the steps of firstly selecting top buds of apple saline-alkali tolerant stocks, cleaning, sterilizing, inoculating into a differentiation induction medium for culture to obtain cluster buds, transferring the cluster buds into a proliferation subculture medium for proliferation culture to obtain proliferation buds, and inoculating the proliferation buds into a rooting medium for rooting induction. The invention relates to a stock tissue culture rapid propagation link, which does not relate to application verification of the stock in actual saline-alkali soil cultivation and lacks the connectivity with field planting scenes. Disclosure of Invention In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to improve the saline-alkali and drought resistance of apple stocks, and to improve the relative conductivity and the degree of saline-alkali stress, so that the apple stocks are suitable for planting in saline-alkali soil environments. In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a method for planting apples in saline-alkali soil. The method for planting apples in the saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps: And (3) carrying out saline-alkali stress treatment on the apple stock, grafting the apple stock into potting soil, managing for 14-16 days, transplanting the apple stock seedling together with the potting soil into the saline-alkali soil after the stoc