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CN-121970645-A - Ternary biological synergistic soil fertility improving method for pinus massoniana young forest

CN121970645ACN 121970645 ACN121970645 ACN 121970645ACN-121970645-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a ternary biological synergistic soil fertility improving method for young forest of pinus koraiensis, which comprises the steps of outer mycorrhizal fungi inoculation treatment, local nitrogen fixation leguminous plants intercropping treatment and mowing and returning to the field treatment, wherein the mycorrhizal inoculation adopts color puffball or Yunnan puffball fungus suspension to be applied to the soil of the base part of the pinus koraiensis, the intercropping treatment is that large leaf flemings are planted among rows, the mowing and returning to the field is regular mowing and turning pressure, and the ternary biological synergistic effect enables the organic matter of the soil to be increased by 0.3% -0.5%, the growth quantity of the pinus koraiensis to be increased by 15% -25%, and zero fertilizer input is realized.

Inventors

  • CHEN WEI
  • LI JIANG
  • LUO TING

Assignees

  • 云南省林业和草原科学院

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20260320

Claims (10)

  1. 1. A ternary biological synergistic soil force lifting method for pinus massoniana young forests is characterized by comprising the following steps: Carrying out ternary biological synergistic soil fertility improvement treatment on artificial young pinus massoniana forests with the ages of 1-5 years, wherein the ternary biological synergistic soil fertility improvement treatment comprises outer mycorrhizal fungi inoculation treatment, native nitrogen fixation leguminous plants intercropping treatment and mowing and returning to the field treatment; The method comprises the steps of inoculating exogenous mycorrhizal fungi, namely, applying exogenous mycorrhizal fungi bacteria agents to the soil surface with the radius of 20-30 cm around the basal part of a pinus massoniana plant, wherein the exogenous mycorrhizal fungi bacteria agents are at least one of Lasiosphaera seu calvatia suspension and Lasiosphaera yunnanensis suspension, the inoculation amount of each pinus massoniana is 50-100 mL, and the spore concentration of the bacterial suspension is 10 6 ~10 7 /mL; The intercropping treatment of the nitrogen-fixing leguminous plants in the soil comprises the steps of planting perennial nitrogen-fixing plant large-leaf flemingia philippica in rows of the pinus massoniana with a plant row spacing of 0.8m multiplied by 0.8m to 1.5m multiplied by 1.5m, wherein the distance between the large-leaf flemingia philippica and the nearest pinus massoniana plant is not less than 1.0 m; the mowing and returning treatment is that large leaves are mowed for 1-2 times each year, the mowing height is 15-20 cm away from the ground, and the mowing branches and leaves are turned over and returned to the field until the soil depth is 5-10 cm.
  2. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the ectomycorrhizal fungi inoculation treatment is performed for an initial period of 4-6 months per year in a manner of covering a pine needle withered object layer with a thickness of 2-3 cm after uniform irrigation of the soil surface of the foundation of the pinus massoniana plant.
  3. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the large-leaf flemingia philippinensis is planted in a manner of direct seeding, the hard-compaction breaking treatment is carried out by soaking seeds in 80% -98% concentrated sulfuric acid for 15-30 min before seeding, 3-5 seeds are sowed in each hole, and the sowing depth is 1-2 cm.
  4. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the time for the mowing and returning to the field is 5-6 months each year, the first mowing is 9-10 months, and the second mowing is carried out, and the mowing objects are turned over and returned to the field after being dried in place for 2-3 d.
  5. 5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of introducing soil animals, wherein local earthworms are put in the vicinity of rhizosphere of the flea macrophylla in a rainy season at a density of 20-50 bars/m 2 in a plot with a mass fraction of soil organic matters lower than 1.5%, and the local earthworms are at least one selected from Eisenia barkii and Eisenia wilsonii.
  6. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the intercropping treatment of the nitrogen-fixing leguminous plants in the countryside adopts an in-situ retaining mode, namely retaining the group of the largeflower fleabane which naturally grows in the forest land during the forestation and tending of the pinus massoniana, and only removing the individual largeflower fleabane members with the distance from the pinus massoniana plants being less than 1.0 m.
  7. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the artificial young pinus massoniana forests have a planting density of 2m ×3: 3m to 3m ×4: 4m, a forestation area elevation of 700-1700 m, and a soil type of red soil or brick red soil.
  8. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the ectomycorrhizal fungi agent comprises the steps of grinding fruiting bodies of Lasiosphaera seu Calvatia or Lasiosphaera yunnanensis, suspending in sterile water, filtering through a 200-mesh screen, and adjusting the spore concentration to 106-107 spores/mL for use.
  9. 9. The method according to claim 5, wherein the earthworm is put in a put-in area, fermented and decomposed cow dung is applied as a basic organic material, the application amount is 500-1000 kg/hm 2 , and the water content of the fermented and decomposed cow dung is 40% -60%.
  10. 10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein after the ternary biological synergistic soil fertility improvement treatment is implemented, the annual increment of organic matter mass fraction of the soil of the young pinus koraiensis is 0.3% -0.5%, the annual increment of total nitrogen mass fraction of the soil is 0.02% -0.05%, the annual average growth of the young pinus koraiensis is 15% -25% higher than that of the untreated control, and the annual average growth of the soil is 10% -20% higher than that of the untreated control.

Description

Ternary biological synergistic soil fertility improving method for pinus massoniana young forest Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of forestry ecological management and soil improvement, and particularly relates to a ternary biological synergistic soil fertility improving method for pinus massoniana young forests. Background Pinus koraiensis (Pinus kesiya var. Langbianensis) is one of the most important species of rural materials in the southern hot zone of Yunnan province, and is widely distributed in the low hilly areas with the altitudes of 700-1700 m in Pu' er, xishuangbiana, lincang and other places. Along with the promotion of the construction of a raw material forest base of the pinus massoniana in recent years, the artificial pure forest of the pinus massoniana in a large area is rapidly expanded, and the statistical area of the artificial forest of the pinus massoniana in Yunnan province is over 40 ten thousand hm 2, so that the pinus massoniana becomes the most main artificial forest type in the area. However, artificial pure forests of pinus massoniana face serious soil productivity degradation problems in the operation process. The research shows that the mass fraction of organic carbon in soil is continuously reduced between 4 and 10 years after afforestation of the pinus massoniana artificial forest, and the density of the organic carbon in a soil layer with 0to 50 cm is obviously lower than that of a natural forest of the same age. There are three main reasons for this problem. Firstly, the mountain-refining and forestation are carried out before forestation, the original soil structure and organic matter layers are comprehensively destroyed, and the surface soil layer is largely lost in organic matters. Secondly, the artificial pure forest tree species of the pinus koraiensis are single, the composition of litters is simple and the litters are slowly decomposed, and the pinus koraiensis is rich in tannins, resins and other refractory substances, so that the nutrient return rate is low. Thirdly, frequent tending operations (usually 2-3 times per year) in young ages repeatedly disturb the soil surface layer, so that mineralization decomposition of organic matters is accelerated, and meanwhile, under-forest vegetation is cleared, and biological nitrogen fixation and nutrient circulation functions are weakened. The method for improving the soil of the artificial forest in the prior art mainly comprises two types of chemical fertilization and green manure planting. Although the chemical fertilization is quick in effect, the soil acidification is aggravated after long-term application, the microbial community structure is unified, and the fertilization cost is high and the operation is difficult in mountain forest areas. In green manure planting, intercropping of leguminous plants is reported in oil tea gardens and rubber gardens. Liu et al report on SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2018, 8:17324) that the carbon and nitrogen components of soil are remarkably improved after large-leaf jack is introduced into a Xishuangbanna rubber garden, and the result shows that microbial carbon, microbial nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in soil layers of 0-10 cm of the rubber garden intercropped with large-leaf jack are respectively improved by 38.9%, 55.5% and 214.7% compared with pure rubber forest. Kaewkrom et al published studies of the seasonal dynamics of the root biomass and soil nutrients of the rubber-large leaf flemingia root intercropping system on Plants (2022, 11 (20): 2682), confirming that the root biomass and quick-acting nitrogen in the intercropping system are significantly positively correlated. Liu et al report on Catena (2019, 172:480-490) that the effect of large leaf jack intercropping on relieving the acidification of rubber garden soil by reducing nitrogen fertilizer input. However, the above researches are directed to tropical rubber gardens (the three-leaf rubber is a broad-leaf arbor) which have great differences from the ecological conditions of pine artificial forests, pine is a conifer species and forms a symbiotic relationship with exogenous mycorrhizal fungi (the rubber is a arbuscular mycorrhizal type), so that the intercropping experience of the rubber gardens cannot be directly applied to the pine artificial forests. In the application aspect of mycorrhizal fungi, patent CN110604048B discloses a woody plant mycorrhizal multi-inoculation method, which adopts a mother seedling inoculation mode to inoculate colored bean Ma Bodeng exomycorrhizal fungi to the root systems of black pine seedlings, but the method is only used for inoculation in a nursery stage and does not relate to the improvement of woodland soil after forestation. Patent CN101611678a discloses a seedling raising method of flemingia macrophylla seeds, which relates to the technology of seed soaking, germination accelerating and seedling raising of flemingia macrophylla by sulfuric acid, but does not us