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CN-121970652-A - Sunflower high-yield planting method suitable for saline-alkali soil in river-cover irrigation area

CN121970652ACN 121970652 ACN121970652 ACN 121970652ACN-121970652-A

Abstract

A sunflower high-yield planting method suitable for saline-alkali soil in a river cover irrigation area comprises a salt removal and alkali reduction step, a soil fertility improvement step, a seed soil fertilizer good contact and vigorous growth of sunflowers by adopting a fertilization scheme of taking organic fertilizers as a main component and taking fertilizers as an auxiliary component and integrating water fertilizers, and a proper planting step, wherein the salt removal and alkali reduction step is realized by combining desulfurization gypsum with ridging and film covering and a high-frequency/low-frequency dynamic drip irrigation salt removal mode, the salt content in the root area of sunflowers and the pH value of soil are reduced, and the soil fertility improvement step is realized by carrying out accurate positioning sowing and plant spacing uniform and timely prevention and treatment of plant diseases and insect pests on the basis of' base Shi Fushi acid + base fertilization farmyard manure + base fertilization + drip irrigation fulvic acid in the seedling stage + top dressing in the seedling stage and water fertilizer integration. The invention combines the natural conditions of saline-alkali soil in river irrigation areas, integrates technologies such as variety, soil, irrigation, fertilization, disease and pest prevention and control and the like, improves the yield and quality of sunflowers, and realizes ecological friendly and sustainable development.

Inventors

  • ZHAO HONGLONG
  • LV CUICUI
  • SHI ZAI
  • ZHANG YUCHENG
  • GAO SHUQIN
  • JIANG HAO
  • ZHENG CONGCONG

Assignees

  • 中国科学院计算技术研究所

Dates

Publication Date
20260505
Application Date
20260323

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The sunflower high-yield planting method suitable for the saline-alkali soil in the river irrigation area is characterized by comprising the following steps of: Salt removal and alkali reduction, namely reducing the salt content in the root zone of sunflower and the pH value of soil by combining desulfurization gypsum, ridging and film covering and a salt removal mode of high-frequency/low-frequency dynamic drip irrigation; The fertilizer applying step adopts a fertilizer applying scheme of integrating organic fertilizer as a main component, fertilizer as an auxiliary component and water fertilizer by a fertilizer applying mode of 'base Shi Fushi acid + base decomposed farmyard manure + base applied base fertilizer + drip irrigation fulvic acid at seedling stage + top dressing at bud stage + top dressing at flowering stage', so as to increase the fertility of saline-alkali sandy barren soil and promote the growth of sunflower, and And in the step of planting, the sunflower seeds are well contacted with the soil and fertilizer and vigorously grown through precise positioning and seeding, even plant-row spacing setting and timely prevention and treatment of plant diseases and insect pests.
  2. 2. The high-yield sunflower planting method suitable for the saline-alkali soil in the river set irrigation area, according to claim 1, wherein in the salt and alkali removal step, the desulfurized gypsum is uniformly spread on the surface of the field, and the mechanical scattering of 400 kg/mu of the desulfurized gypsum is adopted, so that the content of the effective component CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O is more than or equal to 85%, and the particle size is less than or equal to 5mm.
  3. 3. The high-yield sunflower planting method suitable for the saline-alkali soil in the river set irrigation area according to claim 2, wherein in the salt and alkali removing step, an under-film drip irrigation system is installed according to a one-ridge one-control specification, drip irrigation belts are paved at one time, the drip head spacing of the drip irrigation belts is matched with the plant spacing of sunflowers, each drip irrigation is 3-25m 3 /mu, the irrigation uniformity is more than or equal to 90%, a film covering machine is used for covering a film, the film width is 70cm, and the burial depth is 8-10cm, so that damage to sunflower root systems is avoided.
  4. 4. The high-yield sunflower planting method suitable for the saline-alkali soil in the river cover irrigation area according to claim 1,2 or 3, wherein in the salt removal and alkali reduction step, high-frequency/low-frequency dynamic drip irrigation (non-rainfall period) comprises 1 drip irrigation for a sunflower seedling stage, the drip irrigation amount is 15-25m 3 /mu, 2 drip irrigation for a sunflower bud period, the drip irrigation amount is 4-8m 3 /mu and 5-15m 3 /mu respectively, the drip irrigation amount is 1-3 drip irrigation for a bud end period to a flowering period, the drip irrigation amount is 10-25m 3 /mu, the drip irrigation period is 1 drip irrigation, and the drip irrigation amount is 5-15m 3 /mu.
  5. 5. The high-yield sunflower planting method suitable for the saline-alkali soil in the river set irrigation area according to claim 1, wherein in the soil-covering fertilizer-applying step, base fertilizer is thrown, base Shi Fushi acid is 200-400 kg/mu, decomposed farmyard manure is 6-8 square/mu, and base fertilizer is 25-40 kg/mu.
  6. 6. The high-yield sunflower planting method suitable for the saline-alkali soil in the river set irrigation area according to claim 5, wherein the purity of humic acid is more than or equal to 50%, the organic matter content is more than or equal to 70%, the organic matter content of the decomposed farmyard manure is more than or equal to 30%, and the basal application base fertilizer is diamine phosphate.
  7. 7. The high-yield sunflower planting method suitable for the saline-alkali soil in the river set irrigation area according to claim 5 or 6, wherein in the soil fertility improvement step, seedling stage drip irrigation fulvic acid is carried out along with drip irrigation water by a drip irrigation system, and the amount of fulvic acid is 5 kg/mu.
  8. 8. The high-yield sunflower planting method suitable for the saline-alkali soil in the river set irrigation area according to claim 5 or 6, wherein in the soil fertility step, urea 9 kg/mu+granular boron 1 kg/mu+potassium sulfate 15 kg/mu is added by drip irrigation in the bud period.
  9. 9. The high-yield sunflower planting method suitable for river cover irrigation area saline-alkali soil according to claim 5 or 6, wherein in the soil fertility improvement step, urea 6 kg/mu+granular boron 0.25 kg/mu+potassium sulfate 5 kg/mu is added by drip irrigation in the flowering period.
  10. 10. The method for high-yield sunflower planting in saline-alkali soil in river irrigation areas according to claim 1, wherein in the step of planting, the sowing amount of the sunflower is 1800-2000 plants per mu, the plant spacing is 45-55cm and kept consistent, the sowing depth is 3-5cm, herbicide is applied before sowing, and the corresponding bactericide is applied according to the presence or absence of outbreak of plant diseases and insect pests in the bud period.

Description

Sunflower high-yield planting method suitable for saline-alkali soil in river-cover irrigation area Technical Field The invention relates to agricultural planting technology, in particular to a sunflower high-yield planting method suitable for the ecological environment and the land characteristics of saline-alkali soil in a river irrigation area. Background The ecological environment and the land characteristics of saline-alkali soil in a river cover irrigation area belong to temperate continental climate, annual precipitation is only 250-350mm, evaporation amount is up to 2000-3000mm, precipitation distribution is uneven and mainly concentrated in 7-9 months, soil mainly comprises aeolian sandy soil and chestnut lime soil, salt content is 1-8g/kg, pH value is above 8, the problems of poor soil desertification, salinization, water retention and fertilizer retention capacity and the like exist, meanwhile, the temperature difference between day and night in the area is large (the temperature difference between day and night can reach 15-20 ℃), the weather of aeolian sandy in spring is frequent (the wind speed in 3-5 months is often up to 4-6 levels), and the natural conditions cause various restrictions on sunflower planting. The traditional mode is conventional soil preparation, flat ridge film covering and basal fertilization of thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure, sunflower plants are prone to lodging, and the yield is low. The following problems are mainly present: firstly, the soil improvement measures are single, only the application of chemical fertilizers is relied on, the improvement of organic fertilizers and soil structures is ignored, soil hardening and fertility reduction are caused for a long time, and drought and saline-alkali hazards are further aggravated; secondly, the irrigation mode is backward, and the large water flood irrigation mode not only wastes water resources, but also easily causes soil secondary salinization; thirdly, the fertilizer is not scientific, and the phenomenon of 'heavy base fertilizer and light topdressing' exists, so that the sunflower is insufficient in nutrient supply in the key growth period of bud emergence, flowering and the like, and the yield and quality are affected; In view of the above, there is a need for a high-yield planting method that combines the key technologies of local natural conditions, integrating varieties, soil, irrigation, fertilization, pest control, etc., to improve sunflower yield and quality while achieving eco-friendly and sustainable development. Disclosure of Invention Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a sunflower high-yield planting method suitable for saline-alkali soil in river irrigation areas. In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a sunflower high-yield planting method suitable for saline-alkali soil in a river irrigation area, which comprises the following steps: Salt removal and alkali reduction, namely reducing the salt content in the root zone of sunflower and the pH value of soil by combining desulfurization gypsum, ridging and film covering and a salt removal mode of high-frequency/low-frequency dynamic drip irrigation; The fertilizer applying step adopts a fertilizer applying scheme of integrating organic fertilizer as a main component, fertilizer as an auxiliary component and water fertilizer by a fertilizer applying mode of 'base Shi Fushi acid + base decomposed farmyard manure + base applied base fertilizer + drip irrigation fulvic acid at seedling stage + top dressing at bud stage + top dressing at flowering stage', so as to increase the fertility of saline-alkali sandy barren soil and promote the growth of sunflower, and And in the step of planting, the sunflower seeds are well contacted with the soil and fertilizer and vigorously grown through precise positioning and seeding, even plant-row spacing setting and timely prevention and treatment of plant diseases and insect pests. According to the sunflower high-yield planting method suitable for the saline-alkali soil in the river cover irrigation area, in the salt and alkali removal step, the desulfurized gypsum is uniformly spread on the surface of the field, 400 kg/mu of mechanically spread desulfurized gypsum is adopted, the content of the effective component CaSO 4·2H2 O is more than or equal to 85%, and the particle size is less than or equal to 5mm. According to the sunflower high-yield planting method suitable for the saline-alkali soil in the river cover irrigation area, in the salt and alkali removal step, the drip irrigation system under the film is installed according to the one-ridge one-control specification, the drip irrigation belts are paved at one time, the drip head spacing of the drip irrigation belts is adaptive to the plant spacing of the sunflowers, the irrigation uniformity is more than or equal to 90%, a film covering machine is used for paving films, black mulching films are covered, the fi